The Vakataka–Gupta Age (circa 200–550 A.D.) c4: Table of Contents

The Vākāṭaka–Gupta Age (circa 200–550 A.D.) c4

Language: English

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By Dr. A. S. Altekar, M.A., D.Litt., Head of the Department of Ancient Indian History and Culture, Patna University, Patna

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1. Kanishka III . . . . . 12
2. Vāsudeva II . . . . . 15
3. The Period of Sassanian ascendancy ... ... ... 16
4. The Punjab during c. 230 to c. 340 A.D. ... ... 18
5. The Kidāra Kushāṇas . . . . . 19

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NEW INDIAN STATES IN RAJPUTANA AND MADHYADEŚA

1. Did the Bhāraśivas drive out the Kushāṇas? ... ... 23
2. The Yaudheya, Kuṇinda and Arjunāyana Republics... ... 26
3. The Madra Republic . . . . . 30
4. The Mālava Republic . . . . . 31
5. The Nāgas of Padmāvatī and Mathura ... ... ... 33
6. The Maukharis of Baḍvā . . . . . 37
7. The Maghas of Baghelkhand and Kauśāmbī ... ... 38

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CHAPTER III

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THE ŚAKA RULERS OF WESTERN INDIA

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By Dr. A. S. Altekar

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1. Dāmajada I, Jīva-dāman and Rudra-siṃha I ... ... 44
2. Rudra-sena . . . . . 46
3. Saṅgha-dāman and Dāma-sena . . . . . 48
4. Yaśo-dāman, Vijaya-sena, Dāmajada III and Rudra-sena II ... 50
5. Viśva-siṃha and Bhartri-dāman . . . . . 52
6. The Rise of a New Śaka House : Rudra-siṃha II and Yaśo-dāman II . . . . . 53
7. Rudra-dāman II and his Successors ... ... ... 56

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CHAPTER IV

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EASTERN DECCAN

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By Dr. Dines Chandra Sircar, M.A., Ph.D., Superintendent of Epigraphy, Ootacamund.

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1. Andhra . . . . . 59 The Ikshvākus . . . . . 59

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The Bṛhatphalāyanas . . . . . 62 The Ānandas . . . . . 64 The Sālaṅkāyanas . . . . . 67
2. Kaliṅga . . . . . 70 The Pitṛbhaktas . . . . . 71 The Māṭharas . . . . . 73 The Vāsiṣṭhas . . . . . 73 Other Dynasties . . . . . 74
3. Kosala (Dakṣiṇa Kosala) and Mekala ... ... ... 77 The Sarabhapurīyas . . . . . 79 The Pāṇḍuvaṁśis . . . . . 82

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CHAPTER V

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THE VĀKĀṬAKAS

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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1. The Deccan at c. 250 A.D . . . . . 86
2. Vākāṭaka Chronology . . . . . 87
3. The Home of the Vākāṭakas . . . . . 88
4. Vindhyaśakti . . . . . 89
5. Emperor Pravara-sena I . . . . . 90
6. Rudra-sena I . . . . . 94
7. Pṛthvī-ṣeṇa I . . . . . 100
8. Rudra-sena II . . . . . 102
9. Regency of Prabhāvatī-guptā . . . . . 103
10. Pravara-sena II . . . . . 105
11. Narendra-sena . . . . . 106
12. Pṛthvī-ṣeṇa II . . . . . 109
13. Basim Branch of the Vākāṭakas . . . . . 110
14. The Fall of the Vākāṭakas . . . . . 114

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CHAPTER VI

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THE RISE OF THE GUPTAS 116

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR, M. A., Ph.D., F.R.A.S.B.,

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Formerly Vice-Chancellor, Dacca University

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Appendix—The Extent of the kingdom of Chandra-gupta I ... 123

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CHAPTER VII

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FOUNDATION OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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1. Sources of history . . . . . 125
2. Samudra-gupta's Accession . . . . . 126
3. Samudra-gupta's Conquests . . . . . 127
4. Personality of Samudra-gupta . . . . . 142

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CHAPTER VIII

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THE EXPANSION OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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1. Rāma-gupta . . . . . 148
2. Chandra-gupta II . . . . . 152 3. Kumāra-gupta I . . . . . 159
4. Skanda-gupta . . . . . 161

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CHAPTER IX

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THE IMPERIAL CRISIS

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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1. Internal Troubles . . . . . 169
2. The Hūṇa Invasion . . . . . 177

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CHAPTER X

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THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE ... 186

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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CHAPTER XI

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THE FALL OF THE GUPTA EMPIRE ... 196

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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CHAPTER XII

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SOUTH INDIA

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By PROF. K. A. NILAKANTA SASTRI, M.A., Professor of Indian History, Madras University

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1. The Close of the Saṅgam Age . . . . . 201
2. The Early Pallavas . . . . . 210
3. The Kadambas . . . . . 216
4. The Gaṅgas . . . . . 226

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CHAPTER XIII

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HISTORY OF CEYLON ... 231

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By DR. S. PARANAVITANA, Ph.D., Archaeological Commissioner, Ceylon

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Appendix—Note on the Chronology ... ... ... 242

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CHAPTER XIV

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THE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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1. Republican States . . . . . 244
2. Monarchical Governments : The Position of the King ... 247
3. Other Members of the Royal Family ... ... ... 249
4. Powers of the King . . . . . 251
5. Ministry . . . . . 252
6. The Machinery and Departments of the Central Government... 254
7. The Feudatories . . . . . 258
8. Kumārāmātyas . . . . . 259
9. Provincial Administration . . . . . 260
10. The Non-official District Council ... ... ... 262
11. District Administration . . . . . 264
12. Popular Courts . . . . . 265
13. Village and Town Administration ... ... ... 266
14. Taxation . . . . . 268

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CHAPTER XV

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THE COINAGE

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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| | | | | PAGE |
| 1. The Coinage of the Punjab and Afghanistan | ... | ... | ... | 272 |
| 2. The Coinage of the Western Kshatrapas | ... | ... | ... | 273 |
| 3. The Coinage of the Republics | ... | ... | ... | 274 |
| 4. The Coins of Virasena and Achyuta | ... | ... | ... | 276 |
| 5. The Nāga Coinage | ... | ... | ... | 276 |
| 6. The Coinage of the Maghas | ... | ... | ... | 277 |
| 7. No Vākāṭaka Coinage | ... | ... | ... | 277 |
| 8. The Coinage of the Imperial Guptas | ... | ... | ... | 277 |
| 9. The Coinage of the Hūṇas | ... | ... | ... | 281 |
| 10. Coinage in South India | ... | ... | ... | 282 |
| 11. Relative values of different coins | ... | ... | ... | 283 |

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CHAPTER XVI

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COLONIAL AND CULTURAL EXPANSION

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I. COLONIAL EXPANSION IN INSUL-INDIA

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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| 1. Hindu Colonial kingdoms | ... | ... | ... | ... | 285 |
| 2. Fu-Nan | ... | ... | ... | ... | 286 |
| 3. Champā | ... | ... | ... | ... | 287 |
| 4. Other kingdoms | ... | ... | ... | ... | 289 |
| 5. Hindu Civilisation in Suvarṇadvīpa | ... | ... | ... | 292 |
| 6. The Malay Peninsula | ... | ... | ... | ... | 295 |

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II. CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH EASTERN TURKESTAN AND CHINA ... 298

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By DR. P. C. BAGCHI, M.A., Docteur es Letters (Paris), F.R.A.S.B., Director, Cheena Bhavana, Viśvabhāratī.

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CHAPTER XVII

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INTERCOURSE WITH THE WESTERN WORLD ... 308

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By DR. R. C. MAJUMDAR

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CHAPTER XVIII

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SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITION

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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I. SOCIAL CONDITION

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| 1. Caste System : Inter-marriages | ... | ... | ... | ... | 315 |
| 2. Caste System : Professions | ... | ... | ... | ... | 316 |
| 3. Slavery | ... | ... | ... | ... | 320 |
| 4. The Family | ... | ... | ... | ... | 321 |
| 5. Food and Drink | ... | ... | ... | ... | 324 |
| 6. Dress and Ornaments | ... | ... | ... | ... | 325 |

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II. ECONOMIC CONDITION

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| 1. Guild | ... | ... | ... | ... | 326 |
| 2. Trade | ... | ... | ... | ... | 329 |
| 3. Wealth of the Country | ... | ... | ... | ... | 330 |

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PAGE
4. Cost of Living . . . . . 331
5. Agrarian Problems . . . . . 331

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CHAPTER XIX

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RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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1. General Background . . . . . 334
2. The Spirit of Tolerance and Harmony ... ... ... 335
3. Vedic Religion . . . . . 339
4. Growing Popularity of Puranic Hinduism ... ... ... 340
5. Popular Beliefs . . . . . 345
6. Rites and Ceremonies . . . . . 346
7. Hinduism and Foreigners . . . . . 348
8. Hindu Philosophy . . . . . 349
9. Buddhism . . . . . 351
10. Extent of Buddhism . . . . . 356
11. Jainism . . . . . 359
12. General View . . . . . 363

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CHAPTER XX

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EDUCATION , LITERATURE AND SCIENCES

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By DR. A. S. ALTEKAR

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I. EDUCATION

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1. Agrahāra Villages as Centres of Learning ... ... ... 365
2. Rise of Monastic Colleges . . . . . 366
3. Technical and Primary Education . . . . . 367

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II. SANSKRIT LITERATURE

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1. The Authors of the Age : Bhāsa . . . . . 368
2. Kālidāsa . . . . . 369
3. Other Poets . . . . . 371
4. Fable . . . . . 372
5. Technical Literature . . . . . 374
6. Religious and Philosophical Literature ... ... ... 376
7. Dravidian Literature . . . . . 376

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III. SCIENCES

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1. Mathematics . . . . . 377
2. Astronomy . . . . . 378
3. Medicine . . . . . 379
4. Chemistry and Metallurgy . . . . . 379

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CHAPTER XXI

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS OF THE GUPTA PERIOD ... 382

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By THE LATE RAO BAHADUR K. N. DIKSHIT, M.A., F.R.A.S.B., 386

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CHAPTER XXII

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FINE ARTS

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I. SOUTH INDIAN ART

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By DR. C. SIVARAMAMURTI, M.A., Ph.D., Superintendent Archaeological Section., Indian Museum, Calcutta

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1. Sculpture . . . . . 387

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II. ART IN THE GUPTA PERIOD

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By DR. V. S. AGRAWALA, M.A., Ph.D., D. Litt.

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Professor, Art & Archaeology, College of Indology,

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Banaras Hindu University

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1. Sculpture . . . . . 412
2. Architecture . . . . . 417
3. Secular Architecture . . . . . 424
4. Terracotta . . . . . 425
5. Painting . . . . . 428
6. General Estimate . . . . . 432 Select Bibliography . . . . . 435 Index . . . . . 450 Plates I-XV . . . . . at end Map of India . . . . . 33