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Ancient Indian Historical Tradition c17: Chapter XII. Synchronisms and Table of Royal Genealogies

Ancient Indian Historical Tradition c17

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Chapter XII. Synchronisms and Table of Royal Genealogies

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THE genealogies regarded singly help to elucidate difficulties, as in distinguishing between different kings and rishis of the same names, and how necessary this is will appear from the articles on Divodāsa, Vasiṣṭha, Viśvāmitra, Bharadvāja, &c., in the *Vedic Index*, where the information drawn solely from Vedic literature with its lack of the historical sense leaves many points in perplexity, because different persons of the same name cannot be distinguished therefrom.

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Thus, in the first place, the genealogies show there were at least two kings named Divodāsa, one a king of Kāśi, and the other a king of N. Pañcāla, but the *Vedic Index* combines them in its article ‘Divodāsa’. Similarly, there were two Sudāsas, one a king of Ayodhyā whose son was Kalmāṣapāda, and the other a king of N. Pañcāla, the Sudās of the Rigveda; but they have been confused in the stories about the murder of the rishi Śakti (chapter XVIII). Secondly, as regards families. The attempt to elucidate the Bharatas or Bhāratas in the *Vedic Index* is attended with perplexity, but the whole of the difficulties disappear when we learn from the genealogies that Bharata, the great Paurava king, had a numerous progeny, and that his descendants divided into many branches, some of which were kṣatriyas and others became brahmans (chapter XXIII). Thirdly, as regards different individuals of rishi families, who are often mentioned merely by their simple gotra name, as Bhṛgu, Vasiṣṭha, Viśvāmitra, &c. The Vedic literature often does not distinguish them, but the genealogies show that when a Vasiṣṭha is mentioned in connexion with Hariścandra, Sagara, Kalmāṣapāda, and Daśaratha of Ayodhyā, a different person is meant in each case.

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The genealogies considered singly, however, are of little chronological value, because we have no data for providing a definite historical setting for individual kings, and because, though they aim at fullness, yet admittedly they do not record the name of every king (chapter IX), so that their length or brevity does not fix the chronological durations of the dynasties. A clear illustration of this appears on comparing the Ayodhyā and Vaiśāla lines, for both start from Manu, and Daśaratha of the former was contemporary with Pramati of the latter according to the Rāmāyaṇa, yet the lists of the latter line contain only about half as many names as the lists of the former to that point. But the genealogies would become of relative historical value if they can be connected together so as to supplement one another and form a combined and consistent scheme, in which each checks and elucidates the others, so that all settle into an arrangement relatively harmonious. The genealogies are, for the most part, separate and independent, each pursuing its own course without concerning itself with others, yet co-ordinate allusions do occur incidentally sometimes. If points of contact can be discovered either in them or elsewhere, which bring kings in two or more lines into connexion, they help towards the construction of a combined genealogical scheme; and since such points generally occur incidentally, co-ordination not being the intention of the genealogists, the co-ordination gains a definite probability of being real and true. The more numerous such points, the more abundant become the means of constructing and testing the combined framework and the greater the probability of historical trustworthiness. That is, we must seek for synchronisms.

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In dealing with synchronisms certain cautions must be borne in mind. First must be noted the lax use of personal names as gotra names instead of patronymics. Kṣatriya tradition generally distinguished between personal names and patronymics, and the same care is often found in the Brāhmaṇas and Upaniṣads, as where Janamejaya is styled Pārikṣita, Sahadeva Sārñjaya, and Somaka Sāhadevya;¹ but sometimes, especially in the Veda, the personal name is used instead of the patronymic, and thus Vasiṣṭha,² Viśvāmitra,³ Jamadagni,⁴ Kaṇva,⁵ &c., are used in the plural collectively for Vāsiṣṭhas, Vaiśvāmitras, Jāmadagnyas, Kāṇvas, &c.; and similarly Yadus, Turvaśas, Druhyus, Anus and Pūrus are spoken of.⁶

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¹ Aitar Brāhm vii, 5, 8.

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² Rigv vii, 7, 7; 12, 3.

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³ Rigv iii, 1, 21; 18, 4.

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⁴ Rigv iii, 53, 16.

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⁵ Rigv i, 44, 8; 46, 9; 47, 10.

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⁶ Rigv i, 108, 8.

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This practice, combined with the brahmans' lack of the historical sense, tended to blur historical differences and led to the confusion of persons having the same name or patronymic, so that, to cite the most striking instances, all the Vasiṣṭhas became jumbled into one Vasiṣṭha and all the Viśvāmitras into one Viśvāmitra. Hence the mention of a person by the simple name is no sure criterion that the original person of that name is intended, but often means a descendant. This must be especially observed when brahmans are mentioned only by their gotra names. Thus among the Bhārgavas Uśanas-Śukra,¹ Cyavana,² his descendant Ṛcīka,³ his grandson Rāma Jāmadagnya,⁴ and another late ṛṣi⁵ are all called Bhṛgu simply. The only safe way of distinguishing brahmans in references of an historical kind is to discriminate them according to the kings with whom they were associated, for the royal genealogies afford the only chronological criteria. Otherwise the confusion is inextricable, as may be seen in the perplexities attending the Vasiṣṭhas, Bharadvājas, Viśvāmitras, &c., in the *Vedic Index*.

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¹ Vā 97, 140.

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² MBh xiii, 51, 2685.

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³ Vā 91, 93. Pd iii, 66, 57. Pad vi, 268, 13.

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⁴ MBh vii, 70, 2435.

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⁵ MBh xiii, 30, 1983-96.

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Secondly, the use of a patronymic does not always denote that the person to whom it is applied was the son of the bearer of the simple name, but often means a descendant. This is patent as regards tribal or family names, such as Yādava, Paurava, Bhārata and Kaurava; and is also clear in less comprehensive names, as when Rāma is called Rāghava after his great grandfather Raghu,⁶ and Kṛṣṇa is styled Dāśārha, Mādhava, Sātvata, Vārṣṇeya and Śauri after various ancestors,⁷ as well as Vāsudeva after his father. This use of patronymics seems to be more frequent in kṣatriya than in brahmanic traditions; thus Ṛcīka (p. 68) and the later ṛṣi Agni of Sagara’s time⁸ are both called Aurva after their common ancestor Ūrva. Moreover, a man had various patronymics from different ancestors, and the choice in poetry was often governed by the metre; and perhaps this may explain Kakṣīvant’s patronymic Auśija in Rigveda i, 18, 1, instead of Dairghatamasa or Aucathya.⁹

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⁶ MBh iii, 277, 16030.

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⁷ MBh i, 221, 7987-9, 8012; 222, 8078; 223, 8083-4.

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⁸ Vā 88, 157 with Mat 12, 40. See chap. XVII.

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⁹ See chap. XIX.

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Thirdly, sameness of name does not always imply identity of person, and this is abundantly clear from what has been pointed out in the last chapter. Whether identity can be reasonably inferred must depend on other considerations, especially any data of a chronological kind. Thus, when it is said that Māndhātṛ of Ayodhyā married Śaśabindu’s daughter Caitrarathī Bindumatī,¹ it may be safely inferred from the position and circumstances of both that Śaśabindu was the famous Yādava king, son of Citraratha. But when the Mahābhārata says that Ahamyāti of the Lunar race married Kṛtavīrya’s daughter,² it is clear that it cannot mean Kṛtavirya the Haihaya king, for the two kings were widely apart in time.

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¹ Vā 88, 70. Bd iii, 63, 70-1 : &c. See chap. XIII.

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² MBh i, 95, 3768. No patronymic given. Its list is not reliable (chap. IX), and certainly goes wrong at that point.

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Synchronistic references occur in three ways: first, those that are definite and have every appearance of being genuine and that when tested with other allusions are harmonious; secondly, those that may be true but are too vague to be of any use; and thirdly, those that are spurious and untrue. The latter two classes may be briefly considered before we proceed to genuine synchronisms.

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Of the second class are notices of rishis and kings by their gotra names merely, as where Janaka, king of Videha, is introduced in various philosophical discussions, for Janaka was the royal family name and many Janakas are mentioned (chapter VIII); or where personal names are used as gotra names, such as the references to Bharadvājas at different times.

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The third class of references requires rather more notice, because they are sometimes precise and circumstantial, but examination shows their falsity. It comprises three kinds of allusions: first, those that are purely laudatory and introduce persons on special occasions in defiance of chronology merely to enhance the dignity of the hero or the occasion; secondly, those that have grown or been developed out of some allusion but are mistaken; and thirdly, those that are wholly spurious.

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Of the first of these kinds is the introduction of famous rishis, as noticed at page 67; and as where it is said the Ātreya rishi Durvāsas visited the Pāṇḍavas in their exile,³ though his real period was far anterior and he is introduced into the story of Śakuntalā, their distant ancestress. It is generally rishis who appear on such occasions in defiance of chronology, and rarely that kings so appear. The second kind comprises all sorts of notices, from brief allusions to long stories. As such may be cited these—Māndhātṛ conquered the Aṅga Bṛhadratha,¹ who was long posterior : and Bhagīratha was a contemporary of Jahnu, king of Kānyakubja.² It is in brahmanical stories that such spurious synchronisms are generally found, and they are often mere expedients for hanging some precept or doctrine upon, as that Suhotra, the Paurava king, encountered Śivi Auśīnara to learn deference to superior virtue³; or for the purpose of exalting the dignity of brahmans, as that Agastya vanquished Nahuṣa.⁴ Similarly are erroneously connected Madhucchandas Vaiśvāmitra as priest to Śaryāti,⁵ Cyavana as cursing the Haihaya king Kṛtavīrya,⁶ and many others.⁷

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³ MBh iii, 261, 15499.

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¹ MBh xii, 29, 981, where some names as Aṅgāra are right but other names have been inserted wrongly or are corrupted.

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² Bd iii, 56, 44–8, a late story.

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³ MBh iii, 194, 13249–55.

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⁴ MBh v, 16, 521–37.

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⁵ Br 138, 2–3.

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⁶ Mat 68, 7–9.

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⁷ e.g. MBh xii, 49, 1790–9; 99, 3664 f.

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The story of Gālava’s doings⁸ is an excellent instance of the third kind of spurious synchronisms. In order to earn the special fee required by his teacher Viśvāmitra he obtained from king Yayāti Nāhuṣa⁹ his daughter Mādhavī and offered her in turn to king Haryaśva of Ayodhyā, king Divodāsa of Kāśi, king Uśīnara of Bhojanagara, and Viśvāmitra himself, each for a fourth part of the fee, and they begot of her one son each, Vasumanas, Pratardana, Śivi and Aṣṭaka respectively. Then he returned her to her father. This story makes all those kings and Viśvāmitra contemporary, and three facts show its absurdity. First, Uśīnara was a descendant of Anu, Yayāti’s son, by some generations; secondly, this the first Viśvāmitra was a distant descendant in the Kānyakubja line, which sprang out of the Aila race just before Yayāti’s time; and thirdly, Gālava was Viśvāmitra’s own son!¹⁰—a fact of which the story is ignorant.¹¹ The appended table of genealogies will display these errors clearly. Haryaśva and Uśīnara probably were contemporaries, but Viśvāmitra was later and Divodāsa (Pratardana’s father) later still, as will be shown by the genuine synchronisms in the next chapter; and Yayāti was far earlier. The story makes kings Vasumanas, Pratardana, Śivi and Aṣṭaka brothers and contemporaries, and this statement appears elsewhere also,¹ especially in a further fable ² that Yayāti was cast out from heaven for pride and fell at Naimiṣa forest, where those four kings were assembled, and they were made known to him as his daughter’s sons. The story is manifestly a brahmanical fabrication, and may have been developed from the fact that the three verses of which Rigveda x, 179 consists are attributed one each to Śivi, Pratardana and Vasumanas (who is called son of Ruśadaśva or Rohidaśva, which are almost synonymous with Haryaśva), in order to explain how the single verses composed by these three kings became combined into one hymn.³ But how Aṣṭaka is joined with them is uncertain.

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⁸ MBh v, 105, 3732 to 106; 113 to 118.

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⁹ It wrongly calls Yayāti king of all the Kāśis, id. 114, 3918. Kāśi was a separate kingdom, and the story itself assigns Divodāsa to it.

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¹⁰ MBh xiii, 4, 251. Vā 88, 87–90; 91, 100. Bd iii, 63, 86–9; 66, 72. Br 7, 106–9; 10, 59. Hv 12, 726–9; 27, 1462; 32, 1769.

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¹¹ So MBh xiii, 18, 1349, unless different Gālavas and Viśvāmitras are confused.

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¹ MBh iii, 197, 13301-2. Mat 35, 5.

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² MBh i, 88 to 93: v, 119, 4041 to 122, 4097. Mat 37 to 42.

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³ Possibly also each king’s mother was named Mādhavī.

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We may now investigate what are genuine synchronisms, and these will be dealt with in the next two chapters. It will be convenient, however, for ease of reference to set out the combined scheme of genealogies of all the important dynasties, as established by genuine synchronisms, and this is displayed in the following table. The dynasties have been arranged in the table according to geographical position, as far as is feasible, those that reigned in the west on the left side, those in the east on the right, and the others in the middle. The names of kings whose positions are fixed by synchronisms or otherwise are printed in italics, and the famous kings are indicated by an asterisk. As already explained, the lists are not equally full, and the deficiencies appear very plainly from the table; hence, where there are no synchronisms and the lists are defective, the names that occur are spaced out, but this arrangement is only tentative and the position of such a name merely indicates the best possible approximation. Among the last kings of Videha, Kṛtakṣaṇa is mentioned,⁴ and kings later than the battle are set out in the list in chapter XXVII. Smaller or shorter dynasties, which have not been brought into this list, are given in chapters VIII and IX, such as the Śāryātas, Nābhāgas and various branches of the Yādavas.

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⁴ MBh ii, 4, 122.

Table of Royal Genealogies

c17.s1.1

| | YĀDAVAS | HAIHAYAS | DRUHYUS | TURVASUS | KĀNYA-KUBJA | PAURAVAS |
| 1 | Manu | ... | Manu | Manu | Manu | Manu |
| 2 | Ilā | ... | Ilā | Ilā | Ilā | Ilā |
| 3 | Purūravas* | ... | Purūravas* | Purūravas* | Purūravas* | Purūravas* |
| 4 | Ayu* | ... | Ayu* | Ayu* | Amāvasu | Ayu* |
| 5 | Nahuṣa* | ... | Nahuṣa* | Nahuṣa* | ... | Nahuṣa* |
| 6 | Yayāti* | ... | Yayāti* | Yayāti* | ... | Yayāti* |
| 7 | Yadu | ... | Druhyu | Turvasu | ... | Pūru* |
| 8 | Kroṣṭu | Sahasrajit | ... | ... | ... | Janamejaya I |
| 9 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Bhīma | Pracinvant |
| 10 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | Pravīra |
| 11 | Vṛjinīvant | Śatajit | ... | ... | ... | Manasyu |
| 12 | ... | ... | Babhru | ... | ... | Abhayada |
| 13 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | Sudhanvan |
| 14 | Svāhi | Haihaya | ... | Vahni | Kāñcana-prabha | Dhundhu |
| 15 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | Bahugava |
| 16 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | Saṃyāti |
| 17 | Ruśadgu | Dharma-netra | Setu | ... | ... | Ahamyāti |
| 18 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | Raudrāśva |
| 19 | Citraratha | Kunti | ... | ... | Suhotra | Ṛceyu |
| 20 | Śaśabindu* | ... | ... | ... | ... | Matināra |
| 21 | Pṛthuśravas | Sāhañja | Aṅgāra | Garbha | ... | Tamsu |
| 22 | Antara | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 23 | Suyajña | Mahiṣmant | Gāndhāra | ... | Jahnu* | ... |
| 24 | ... | ... | ... | ... | Sunaha | ... |
| 25 | ... | Bhadraśrenya* | ... | ... | Ajaka | ... |
| 26 | Uśanas | ... | Dharma | ... | Balākāśva | ... |
| 27 | ... | Durdama | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 28 | Śineyu | Kanaka | ... | Gobhānu | Kuśa | ... |
| 29 | ... | ... | Dhṛta | ... | Kuśāśva | ... |
| 30 | Marutta | Kṛtavīrya | ... | ... | Kuśika | ... |
| 31 | ... | Arjuna* | ... | ... | Gādhi* | ... |
| 32 | Kambala-barhis | ... | Durdama | ... | Viśvāmitra* | ... |
| 33 | ... | Jayadhvaja | ... | ... | ... | ... |

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| KĀŚI | ĀNAVAS, NW. | ĀNAVAS, E. | AYODHYĀ | VIDEHA | VAIŚĀLĪ | |
| Manu | Manu | ... | Manu | ... | Manu | 1 |
| Iḷā | Iḷā | ... | Ikṣvāku* | ... | Nābhāne-diṣṭha | 2 |
| Purūravas* | Purūravas* | ... | Vikukṣi-Śaśāda | Nimi | ... | 3 |
| Āyu* | Āyu* | ... | Kakutstha | ... | ... | 4 |
| Nahuṣa* | Nahuṣa* | ... | Anenas | Mithi Janaka | ... | 5 |
| Kṣatra-vṛddha | Yayāti* | ... | Pṛthu | ... | Bhalandana | 6 |
| ... | Anu | ... | Viṣṭarāśva | ... | ... | 7 |
| ... | ... | ... | Ārdra | Udāvasu | Vatsaprī | 8 |
| Sunahotra | ... | ... | Yuvan-āśva I | ... | ... | 9 |
| ... | Sabhānara | ... | Śrāvasta | ... | ... | 10 |
| ... | ... | ... | Bṛhadaśva | Nandivardhana | ... | 11 |
| Kāśa | ... | ... | Kuvalāśva | ... | Prāmśu | 12 |
| ... | Kālānala | ... | Dṛḍhāśva | ... | ... | 13 |
| ... | ... | ... | Pramoda | Suketu | ... | 14 |
| Dīrghatapas | ... | ... | Haryaśva I | ... | ... | 15 |
| ... | Sṛñjaya | ... | Nikumbha | ... | Prajāni | 16 |
| Dhanva | ... | ... | Saṁhatāśva | Devarāta | ... | 17 |
| ... | ... | ... | Akṛśāśva | ... | ... | 18 |
| Dhanvantari | Purañjaya | ... | Prasenajit | ... | ... | 19 |
| ... | ... | ... | Yuvan-āśva II | Bṛhaduktha | Khanitra | 20 |
| Ketumant I | ... | ... | Māndhātṛ* | ... | ... | 21 |
| ... | Mahāśāla | ... | Purukutsa* | ... | ... | 22 |
| Bhīmaratha | ... | ... | Trasadasyu | Mahāvīrya | ... | 23 |
| ... | Mahāmanas | ... | Sambhūta | ... | Kṣupa | 24 |
| Divodāsa I | ... | ... | Anaraṇya | ... | ... | 25 |
| Aṣṭaratha | Uśīnara* | Titikṣu | Trasadaśva | Dhṛtimant | ... | 26 |
| ... | Śivi* | ... | Haryaśva II | ... | ... | 27 |
| ... | ... | ... | Vasumata (or Vasumanas) | ... | Vimśa | 28 |
| ... | ... | ... | Tridhanvan | Sudhṛti | ... | 29 |
| ... | Kekaya | ... | Ruśadratha | ... | ... | 30 |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 31 |
| ... | ... | ... | Satyavrata-Triśaṅku* | Dhṛṣṭaketu | Vivimśa | 32 |
| ... | ... | ... | Hariścandra* | ... | ... | 33 |

c17.s1.4

| | YĀDAVAS | HAIHAYAS | DRUHYUS | TURVASUS | KĀNYA-KUBJA | PAURAVAS |
| 34 | Rukmakavaca | *Tālajaṅgha* | ... ... | Trisānu | Aṣṭaka | ... ... |
| 35 | ... ... | ... ... | Pracetas | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 36 | Parāvṛt | *Vītihotra* | ... ... | ... ... | Lauhi | ... ... |
| 37 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 38 | Jyāmagha* | Ananta | Sucetas | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 39 | ... ... | Durjaya | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 40 | Vidarbha | Supratika | ... ... | Karandhama | ... ... | ... ... |
| | | ⏝ | | | | |
| | | CEDI | | | | |
| 41 | Kratha-Bhīma | Kaiśika | ... ... | Marutta | ... ... | ... ... |
| 42 | Kunti | Cidi | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 43 | Dhṛṣṭa | ... ... | ... ... | (*Duṣyanta*) | ... ... | *Duṣyanta** |
| 44 | Nirvṛti | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Bharata* |
| 45 | Vidūratha | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 46 | Daśārha | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | (*Bharadvāja*) |
| 47 | Vyoman | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Vitatha |
| 48 | Jīmūta | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Bhuvamanyu |
| 49 | Vikṛti | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Bṛhatkṣatra |
| 50 | Bhīmaratha | *Vīrabāhu* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Suhotra |
| 51 | Rathavara | *Subāhu* | Dvimīḍhas | N. PAÑCĀLA | S. PAÑCĀLA | Hastin |
| 52 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 53 | Daśaratha | ... ... | Dvimīḍha | ... ... | ... ... | Ajamīḍha * |
| 54 | Ekādaśaratha | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 55 | Śakuni | ... ... | Yavīnara | Nīla | Bṛhadvasu | ... ... |
| 56 | Karambha | ... ... | ... ... | Suśānti | Bṛhadisu | ... ... |
| 57 | ... ... | ... ... | Dhṛtimant | Purujānu | Bṛhaddhanus | ... ... |
| 58 | Devarāta | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Bṛhatkarman | ... ... |
| 59 | Devakṣatra | ... ... | Satyadhṛti | Bhṛmyaśva | Jayadratha | ... ... |
| 60 | Devana | ... ... | Dṛḍhanemi | Mudgala | Viśvajit | ... ... |
| 61 | Madhu* | ... ... | ... ... | (*Brahmiṣṭha*) | ... ... | ... ... |
| 62 | Puruvaśa | ... ... | Suvarman | Vadhryaśva* | Senajit | ... ... |
| 63 | Purudvant | ... ... | Sārvabhau-ma | Divodāsa* | Rucirāśva | Ṛkṣa I |
| 64 | Jantu (*Aṃśu*) | ... ... | ... ... | Mitrayu | Pṛthuṣeṇa | ... ... |
| 65 | Satvant | ... ... | Mahant-Paurava | Maitreya Soma | Pāra I | ... ... |

Dynastic Lists

c17.s2.1

| KĀŚI | ĀNAVAS, NW. | ĀNAVAS, E. | AYODHYĀ | VIDEHA | VAIŚĀLĪ | |
| ... ... | ... ... | Hema | Rohita | ... ... | ... ... | 34 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Harita, Cañcu | Haryaśva | Khanīnetra | 35 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Vijaya | ... ... | ... ... | 36 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Ruruka | ... ... | ... ... | 37 |
| Haryaśva | ... ... | Sutapas | Vṛka | Maru | Karaṇdhama | 38 |
| Sudeva | ... ... | ... ... | Bāhu (Asita) | ... ... | Avīkṣit | 39 |
| Divodāsa II | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Marutta* | 40 |
| | | | | | | |
| Pratardana* | ... ... | Bali* | Sagara* | Pratīndhaka | Nariṣyanta | 41 |
| Vatsa | ... ... | ... ... | Asamañjas | ... ... | Dama | 42 |
| Alarka* | ... ... | Aṅga | Aṃśumant | ... ... | ... ... | 43 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Dilīpa I | Kīrtiratha | Rāṣṭravar-dhana | 44 |
| Sannati | ... ... | ... ... | Bhāgī-ratha* | ... ... | Sudhṛti | 45 |
| Sunītha | ... ... | ... ... | Śruta | ... ... | Nara | 46 |
| ... ... | ... ... | Dadhivā-hana | Nābhāga | Devamīḍha | Kevala | 47 |
| Kṣema | ... ... | ... ... | Ambariṣa* | ... ... | Bandhu-mant | 48 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Sindhu-dvīpa | ... ... | Vegavant | 49 |
| Ketu-mant II | ... ... | ... ... | Ayutāyus | Vibudha | Budha | 50 |
| Suketu | ... ... | Diviratha | Ṛtuparṇa | ... ... | ... ... | 51 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Sarvakāma | ... ... | Tṛṇabindu* | 52 |
| Dharma-ketu | ... ... | Dharma-ratha | Sudāsa | Mahādhṛti | Viśravas | 53 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Mitrasaha-Kalmāṣapāda* | ... ... | Viśāla | 54 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Aśmaka | ... ... | Hemacandra | 55 |
| Satyaketu | ... ... | ... ... | Mūlaka | Kīrtirāta | Sucandra | 56 |
| ... ... | ... ... | Citraratha | Śataratha | ... ... | Dhūmrāśva | 57 |
| Vibhu | ... ... | ... ... | Aidavida-Vṛddha-śarman | ... ... | Sṛñjaya | 58 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Viśvasaha I | Mahāro-man | Sahadeva | 59 |
| Vibhu | ... ... | Satyaratha | Dilīpa II-Khaṭvāṅga* | ... ... | Kṛśāśva | 60 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Dīrghabāhu | Svarṇaro-man | ... ... | 61 |
| Sukumāra | ... ... | ... ... | Raghu* | ... ... | Somadatta | 62 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Aja | Hrasvaro-man | Janamejaya | 63 |
| Hṛṣṭaketu | ... ... | Lomapāda* | Daśaratha* | Śiradhvaja | Pramati | 64 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Rāma* | Bhānu-mant | ... ... | 65 |

c17.s2.2

| | YĀDAVAS | YĀDAVAS | DVIMĪḌHAS | N. PAÑCĀLA | S. PAÑCĀ | PAURAVAS |
| 66 | *Bhīma* *Sātvata* | ... ... | ... ... | *Sṛñjaya* | *Nīpa* | ... ... |
| 67 | *Andhaka* | *Vṛṣṇi* | ... ... | *Cyavana\** | ... ... | ... ... |
| 68 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Sudāsa\** | ... ... | ... ... |
| 69 | *Kukura* | ... ... | ... ... | *Sahadeva* | ... ... | *Samvaraṇa* |
| 70 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Somaka* | ... ... | ... ... |
| 71 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Jantu* | ... ... | *Kuru\** |
| 72 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... |
| 73 | *Vṛṣṇi* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Parikṣit I* |
| 74 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Janame-* *jaya II* |
| 75 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | (*Bhīmasena*, &c.) |
| 76 | ... ... | *Devamī-* *dhuṣa* | *Rukma-* *ratha* | ... ... | *Samara* | *Vidūratha* |
| 77 | *Kapota-* *roman* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Sārva-* *bhauma* |
| 78 | ... ... | ... ... | *Supārśva* | ... ... | *Pāra II* | *Jayatsena* |
| 79 | ... ... | ... ... | *Sumati* | ... ... | ... ... | *Arādhin* |
| 80 | *Viloman* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Pṛthu* | *Mahā-* *bhauma* |
| 81 | ... ... | ... ... | *Sannati-* *mant* | ... ... | ... ... | *Ayutāyus* |
| 82 | ... ... | ... ... | *Sanati* | ... ... | *Sukṛti* | *Akrodhana* |
| 83 | *Nala* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Devātithi* |
| 84 | ... ... | ... ... | *Kṛta* | ... ... | *Vibhrāja* | *Ṛkṣa II* |
| 85 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Bhīmasena* |
| 86 | *Abhijit* | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Aṇuha* | *Dilipa* |
| 87 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Brahma-* *datta\** | *Pratīpa\** |
| 88 | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | *Viṣvaksena* | ... ... |
| 89 | *Punarvasu* | *Śūra* | ... ... | ... ... | *Udaksena* | (*Ṛṣiṣeṇa*) |
| 90 | ... ... | ... ... | *Ugrāyudha* | ... ... | *Bhallāṭa* | *Śantanu\** |
| 91 | ... ... | ... ... | *Kṣemya* | *Pṛṣata* | *Janamejaya* | (*Bhīṣma*) |
| 92 | *Ugrasena* | *Vasudeva* | *Suvīra* | ... ... | ... ... | *Vicitravīrya* |
| 93 | *Kamsa\** | ... ... | *Nṛpañjaya* | *Droṇa* | *Drupada\** | *Dhṛtarāṣṭra\** |
| 94 | ... ... | *Kṛṣṇa\** | *Bahuratha* | *Aśvatthāman* | *Dhṛṣṭadyum-* *na* | *Pāṇḍavas\** |
| 95 | ... ... | *Sāmba* | ... ... | ... ... | *Dhṛṣṭaketu* | *Abhimanyu* |

c17.s2.3

[Here occurred]

c17.s2.4

| KĀŚI | ĀNAVAS, NW. | ĀNAVAS, E. | AYODHYĀ | VIDEHA | VAIŚĀLĪ | |
| Veṇuhotra | ... ... | Caturaṅga | ... ... | Pradyumna-Śatadyumna Muni | ... ... | 66 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Kuśa | Ūrjavaha | ... ... | 67 |
| Bharga | ... ... | Pṛthulākṣa | Atithi | Niṣadha | Sanadvāja | ... ... | 68 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Nala | Śakuni | ... ... | 69 |
| Pauravas | Pauravas | Campa | Nabhas | Añjana | ... ... | 70 |
| Jahnu | Sudhanvan | Haryaṅga | Puṇḍarīka | Rtujit | ... ... | 71 |
| ... ... | Suhotra | ... ... | Kṣemadhanvan | Ariṣṭanemi | ... ... | 72 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Devānīka | Śrutāyus | ... ... | 73 |
| Suratha | Cyavana | Bhadraratha | Ahīnagu | Supārśva | ... ... | 74 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | 75 |
| ... | Kṛta | ... ... | Pāripātra | Sañjaya | ... ... | 76 |
| Magadha | Cedi | ... ... | Dala, Bala | Kṣemārī | ... ... | 77 |
| ... ... | Vasu Caidya* | Bṛhatkarman | Uktha | Anenas | ... ... | 78 |
| Bṛhadratha | Pratya-graha ? | ... ... | Vajranābha | Mīnaratha | ... ... | 79 |
| Kuśāgra | ... ... | ... ... | Śaṅkhana | Satyaratha | ... ... | 80 |
| ... ... | ... ... | Bṛhadratha | Vyusitāśva | Upaguru | ... ... | 81 |
| Ṛṣabha | ... ... | ... ... | Viśvasaha II | Upagupta | ... ... | 82 |
| Puṣpavant | ... ... | Bṛhadbhānu | Hiraṇyanābha | Svāgata | ... ... | 83 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Puṣya | Suvarcas | ... ... | 84 |
| Satyahita | ... ... | Bṛhanmanas | Dhruvasandhi | Śruta | ... ... | 85 |
| Sudhanvan | ... ... | Jayadratha | Sudarśana | Suśruta | ... ... | 86 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Agnivarṇa | Jaya | ... ... | 87 |
| Ūrja | ... ... | ... ... | Śīghra | Vijaya | ... ... | 88 |
| ... ... | ... ... | Dṛḍharatha | Maru | Rta | ... ... | 89 |
| Sambhava | ... ... | ... ... | Prasuśruta | Sunaya | ... ... | 90 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Susandhi | Vitahavya | ... ... | 91 |
| Jarāsandha | Damaghoṣa | Viśvajit | Amarṣa and Sahasvant | Dhṛti | ... ... | 92 |
| ... ... | ... ... | ... ... | Viśrutavant | Bahulāśva | ... ... | 93 |
| Sahadeva | Śiśupāla* | Karṇa* | Bṛhadbala | Kṛtakṣaṇa | ... ... | 94 |
| Somādhi | Dhṛṣṭaketu | Vṛsasena | Bṛhatkṣaya | ... ... | ... ... | 95 |
| Bhārata battle.] | | | | | | |

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