[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922) › v1.c19.s9.294 # The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c19.s9.294 The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c19.s9.294 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c19.s9.294](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9.294) The slaughter-houses (\*sūnā\*) mentioned in the Vinaya⁴ were presumably outside also, and near them the poor man and the king's \*chef\* bought their meat⁵, unless by \*siṅghāṭaka\* we understand street-corners as the places where meat was sold⁶. The great city of Mithilā was, according to the \*Mahā-ummagga Jātaka\*, composed in part of four suburbs extending beyond each of its four gates, and called not \*gāmas\*, but \*nigamas\*. These were named respectively East, South, West, and North Yavamajjhako, translated by Cowell and Rouse 'market-town'⁷. The workshop in the street was open to view, so that the \*bhikkhu\* coming in to town or village for alms, could see fletcher and carriage-builder at work, no less than he could watch the peasant in the field⁸. Arrows and carriages and other articles for sale were displayed in the \*āpaṇa\*⁹, or fixed shop, or, it might be, stored within the \*antarāpaṇa\*¹⁰. In these, or in the portable stock-in-trade of the hawker¹¹, retail trading constituted a means of livelihood, independently, it might be, of productive industry. The application, judgment, cleverness, and 'connexion' of the successful shopkeeper¹² are discussed in the Nikāyas¹³, and among trades five are ethically proscribed¹⁴ for lay believers:—daggers, slaves, flesh, strong drink, poisons. - [Previous: v1.c19.s9.293](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9.293) - [Next: v1.c19.s9.295](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9.295) - [Up: v1.c19.s9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9.294](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c19.s9.294) · Pramāṇa