The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c35.s4: Chapter VII. The Early History of the Buddhists
The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c35.s4
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Chapter VII. The Early History of the Buddhists
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1. Original Sources—Texts and Translations.
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Aṅguttara Nikāya. Ed. Richard Morris and Edmund Hardy. P.T.S. London, 1885–1900. Apadāna. Not yet edited. Attha-sālinī. Ed. Eduard Müller. P.T.S. London, 1897. Dhammapada. Ed. Sūriyagoḍa Sumaṅgala Thera. P.T.S. London, 1914. —— Trans. F. Max Müller. S.B.E. x. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1898. —— Commentary. Ed. H. C. Norman. P.T.S. London, 1906–14. Dīgha Nikāya. Ed. T. W. Rhys Davids and J. E. Carpenter. P.T.S. London, 1890–1911. —— Commentary. See Sumaṅgala-vilāsinī. Dīpavaṁsa. Ed. and trans. H. Oldenberg. London, 1879. Divyāvadāna. Ed. E. B. Cowell and R. A. Neil. Cambridge, 1886. Jātaka. Ed. V. Fausböll. London, 1877–97. —— Trans. by various hands under the editorship of E. B. Cowell. Cambridge, 1895–1913. Lalita-vistara. Ed. Rajendralal Mitra. Calcutta, 1877. —— Ed. S. Lefmann. Halle, 1902–8. —— German trans. (I–V) S. Lefmann. Berlin, 1874. Mahāvaṁsa. Ed. W. Geiger. P.T.S. London, 1908. —— Trans. W. Geiger. P.T.S. London, 1912. Mahāvastu. Ed. E. Senart. Paris, 1882–97. Majjhima Nikāya. Ed. V. Trenckner and R. Chalmers. P.T.S. London, 1888–99. Milindapañha. Ed. V. Trenckner. London, 1880. —— Trans. T. W. Rhys Davids. S.B.E. xxxv, xxxvi. Oxford, 1890–4. Peta-vatthu. Ed. Minayef. P.T.S. London, 1888. —— Commentary. Ed. E. Hardy. P.T.S. London, 1901. Samanta-pāsādikā, commentary on the Vinaya. Part of the Introduction ed. H. Oldenberg in Vinaya III. Saṁyutta Nikāya. Ed. Léon Feer and Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1884–1904. Sumaṅgala-vilāsinī, commentary on the Dīgha. Ed. Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1886. Sutta Nipāta. Ed. D. Andersen and H. Smith. P.T.S. London, 1913. —— Trans. V. Fausböll. S.B.E. x. 2nd edn. Oxford, 1898. Thera-gāthā. Ed. H. Oldenberg. P.T.S. London, 1883. —— Trans.: Psalms of the Brethren, by Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1913. —— Commentary. Not yet edited. Therī-gāthā. Ed. R. Pischel. P.T.S. London, 1883. —— Trans.: Psalms of the Sisters, by Mrs Rhys Davids. P.T.S. London, 1909. —— Commentary. Ed. E. Müller. P.T.S. London, 1893. Udāna. Ed. P. Steinthal. P.T.S. London, 1885. —— Trans. D. M. Strong. London, 1902. Vimāna-vatthu. Ed. E. R. Goonaratne. P.T.S. London, 1886. Vinaya. Ed. H. Oldenberg. London, 1879–83. Vinaya Texts. Trans. Rhys Davids and H. Oldenberg. S.B.E. xiii, xvii, xx. Oxford, 1881–5.
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2. SUMMARIES.
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The historical information afforded by these original authorities is collected and discussed by T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhist India (London, 1903).
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The summary (*supra*, pp. 192-7) of the known facts as to the age of the early Pāli literature is there stated with the utmost brevity. For longer accounts see Rh. D., Buddhist India, pp. 140-209; Dialogues of the Buddha, I, ix-xx, and II, 70-7; Winternitz, Gesch. d. ind. Lit. II, i, 17-139. Oldenberg's introduction to Vinaya Texts, S.B.E. XIII (1881) is still the best critical discussion of the growth of the Vinaya literature. A similar study of the growth of the Abhidhamma is much required. Steps towards such a study have been taken by Mrs Rhys Davids in Buddhist Psychology (London, 1914), chap. VII, pp. 134-55.
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See Bibl. to Ch. vii.
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For the Sanskrit law-books see S.B.E. ii (Gautama), xiv (Vasishṭha, Baudhāyana), xxv (Manu).
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2. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL.
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The following works deal with economic and social conditions in ancient India:
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Fick, R. Die sociale Gliederung im nordöstlichen Indien zu Buddha's Zeit. Kiel, 1897.
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Rhys Davids, Mrs C. A. F. Economic conditions in ancient India. Economic Jour., Sept. 1901.
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—— Notes on early economic conditions in Northern India. J.R.A.S., Oct. 1901. [With fuller details on money and the consumption of wealth.]
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Rhys Davids, Buddhist India; see Bibl. to Ch. vii, 2.
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Subba Rao, N. S. Economic and political conditions in ancient India. Mysore, 1911. [An analysis of information contained in the Jātaka.]