The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c7: Chapter VIII
The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c7
- Language
- English
Chapter VIII
v1.c7.1
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO EARLY BUDDHIST LITERATURE
v1.c7.2
By Mrs C. A. F. RHYS DAVIDS, M.A., D.Litt., Fellow of University College, London
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| | PAGE |
| Rural economy | 198 |
| Cities; villages; the land | 200 |
| Agriculture | 203 |
| Labour and industry | 205 |
| Social conditions | 208 |
| Trade and commerce | 210 |
| Trade centres and routes | 212 |
| Methods of exchange and prices | 216 |
| Securities and interest | 218 |
| General conclusions | 219 |
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CHAPTER IX
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THE PERIOD OF THE SŪTRAS, EPICS, AND LAW-BOOKS
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By E. WASHBURN HOPKINS, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in Yale University
v1.c7.7
| Language of the later Brāhman literature | 220 |
| Social conditions as reflected in the Brāhman and Buddhist books | 221 |
| Outlines of chronology | 222 |
| Causes of the wider political outlook | 225 |
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CHAPTER X
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FAMILY LIFE AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS AS THEY APPEAR IN THE SŪTRAS
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By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS
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| The Sūtra literature | 227 |
| Gṛihya Sūtras | 228 |
| Oblations to spirits and gods | 229 |
| Rites to avert disaster and disease | 231 |
| Substitution of images of meal for sacrificial animals | 232 |
| Marriage ceremonies | 233 |
| Caste and family | 234 |
| Contents and arrangement of the Gṛihya Sūtras | 236 |
| The life represented is rural, not urban | 237 |
| Minor superstitions | 238 |
| Ārya and Çūdra; Dharma Sūtras | 240 |
| The beginnings of civil and criminal law; inheritance | 243 |
| Duties of the king | 244 |
| Taxes; status of women; ordeals | 247 |
| Legal rates of interest | 248 |
| Religion and philosophy | 248 |
| Relative ages of the Sūtras | 249 |
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CHAPTER XI
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THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF THE EPIC POEMS
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By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS
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| | PAGE |
| The two chief varieties of epic poetry . . . . . . . | 251 |
| Sources of the Mahābhārata . . . . . . . | 252 |
| Narrative and didactic interpolations . . . . . . | 255 |
| The characters partly historical and partly mythical . . . . | 257 |
| Date of the poem in its present form . . . . . . | 258 |
| Features common to the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa . . . | 259 |
| Social conditions in the Sanskrit epics and in Buddhist works of the same period . . . . . . . . . | 259 |
| The story of the Mahābhārata . . . . . . . | 262 |
| The Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa contrasted . . . . . | 264 |
| Earlier and later moral ideals in the Mahābhārata . . . . | 265 |
| Knights, priests, commoners, and slaves . . . . . . | 266 |
| The king and his ministers . . . . . . . . | 271 |
| Religious and philosophical views of the epics . . . . . | 272 |
| Peoples traditionally engaged in the great war . . . . | 274 |
| The genealogies . . . . . . . . . | 275 |
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CHAPTER XII
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THE GROWTH OF LAW AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS
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By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS
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| The chief codes—Manu, Vishṇu, Yājñavalkya, and Nārada . . . | 277-9 |
| Growth of the distinction between religious precepts and law . . . | 280 |
| Growth of the distinction between civil and criminal law, and the first enumeration of legal titles . . . . . . . | 281 |
| Ordeals . . . . . . . . . . | 282 |
| *Dharna* . . . . . . . . . . | 284 |
| Punishments . . . . . . . . . | 284 |
| Development of civil law . . . . . . . . | 286 |
| Interest; wages; property . . . . . . . . | 287 |
| The king as ruler in peace and war . . . . . . | 288 |
| The king as judge . . . . . . . . . | 290 |
| Hereditary traditional law and custom . . . . . . | 291 |
| Infant marriage; the levirate; the status of women . . . . | 292 |
| The law-books and the Arthaçāstra . . . . . . . | 293-4 |
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CHAPTER XIII
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THE PURĀṆAS
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By Professor E. J. RAPSON
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| The classical definition of a Purāṇa . . . . . . | 296 |
| Kshatriya literature . . . . . . . . . | 297, 302 |
| Scriptures of the later Hinduism . . . . . . . | 298 |
| Critical study of the Purāṇas . . . . . . . | 299 |
| The Purāṇas and Upapurāṇas . . . . . . . | 300 |
| Their chronological and geographical conceptions . . . . | 303 |
| Genealogies partly legendary and partly historical . . . . . | 304 |
v1.c7.24
| | PAGE |
| Common traditional elements in Vedic literature and the Purāṇas | 305 |
| Traditional period of the great war between Kurus and Pāṇḍus | 306 |
| The Pūrus | 307 |
| The Ikshvākus | 308 |
| Kings or suzerains of Magadha: | |
| Bṛihadrathas | 309 |
| Pradyotas, originally kings of Avanti | 310 |
| Çiçunāgas | 311 |
| Nandas | 313 |
| Contemporary dynasties in Northern and Central India | 315 |
| Later kings of Magadha and suzerains of N. India: | |
| The later Nandas, Mauryas, Çuṅgas, Kaṇvas, and Andhras | 317 |