[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922) › v1.c7 # The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c7: Chapter VIII The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c7 - **Language:** English ### Chapter VIII ### [v1.c7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.1) ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO EARLY BUDDHIST LITERATURE ### [v1.c7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.2) By Mrs C. A. F. RHYS DAVIDS, M.A., D.Litt., Fellow of University College, London ### [v1.c7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.3) | | PAGE | | Rural economy | 198 | | Cities; villages; the land | 200 | | Agriculture | 203 | | Labour and industry | 205 | | Social conditions | 208 | | Trade and commerce | 210 | | Trade centres and routes | 212 | | Methods of exchange and prices | 216 | | Securities and interest | 218 | | General conclusions | 219 | ### [v1.c7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.4) CHAPTER IX ### [v1.c7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.5) THE PERIOD OF THE SŪTRAS, EPICS, AND LAW-BOOKS ### [v1.c7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.6) By E. WASHBURN HOPKINS, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology in Yale University ### [v1.c7.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.7) | Language of the later Brāhman literature | 220 | | Social conditions as reflected in the Brāhman and Buddhist books | 221 | | Outlines of chronology | 222 | | Causes of the wider political outlook | 225 | ### [v1.c7.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.8) CHAPTER X ### [v1.c7.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.9) FAMILY LIFE AND SOCIAL CUSTOMS AS THEY APPEAR IN THE SŪTRAS ### [v1.c7.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.10) By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS ### [v1.c7.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.11) | The Sūtra literature | 227 | | Gṛihya Sūtras | 228 | | Oblations to spirits and gods | 229 | | Rites to avert disaster and disease | 231 | | Substitution of images of meal for sacrificial animals | 232 | | Marriage ceremonies | 233 | | Caste and family | 234 | | Contents and arrangement of the Gṛihya Sūtras | 236 | | The life represented is rural, not urban | 237 | | Minor superstitions | 238 | | Ārya and Çūdra; Dharma Sūtras | 240 | | The beginnings of civil and criminal law; inheritance | 243 | | Duties of the king | 244 | | Taxes; status of women; ordeals | 247 | | Legal rates of interest | 248 | | Religion and philosophy | 248 | | Relative ages of the Sūtras | 249 | ### [v1.c7.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.12) CHAPTER XI ### [v1.c7.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.13) THE PRINCES AND PEOPLES OF THE EPIC POEMS ### [v1.c7.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.14) By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS ### [v1.c7.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.15) | | PAGE | | The two chief varieties of epic poetry . . . . . . . | 251 | | Sources of the Mahābhārata . . . . . . . | 252 | | Narrative and didactic interpolations . . . . . . | 255 | | The characters partly historical and partly mythical . . . . | 257 | | Date of the poem in its present form . . . . . . | 258 | | Features common to the Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa . . . | 259 | | Social conditions in the Sanskrit epics and in Buddhist works of the same period . . . . . . . . . | 259 | | The story of the Mahābhārata . . . . . . . | 262 | | The Mahābhārata and the Rāmāyaṇa contrasted . . . . . | 264 | | Earlier and later moral ideals in the Mahābhārata . . . . | 265 | | Knights, priests, commoners, and slaves . . . . . . | 266 | | The king and his ministers . . . . . . . . | 271 | | Religious and philosophical views of the epics . . . . . | 272 | | Peoples traditionally engaged in the great war . . . . | 274 | | The genealogies . . . . . . . . . | 275 | ### [v1.c7.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.16) CHAPTER XII ### [v1.c7.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.17) THE GROWTH OF LAW AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS ### [v1.c7.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.18) By Professor E. WASHBURN HOPKINS ### [v1.c7.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.19) | The chief codes—Manu, Vishṇu, Yājñavalkya, and Nārada . . . | 277-9 | | Growth of the distinction between religious precepts and law . . . | 280 | | Growth of the distinction between civil and criminal law, and the first enumeration of legal titles . . . . . . . | 281 | | Ordeals . . . . . . . . . . | 282 | | \*Dharna\* . . . . . . . . . . | 284 | | Punishments . . . . . . . . . | 284 | | Development of civil law . . . . . . . . | 286 | | Interest; wages; property . . . . . . . . | 287 | | The king as ruler in peace and war . . . . . . | 288 | | The king as judge . . . . . . . . . | 290 | | Hereditary traditional law and custom . . . . . . | 291 | | Infant marriage; the levirate; the status of women . . . . | 292 | | The law-books and the Arthaçāstra . . . . . . . | 293-4 | ### [v1.c7.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.20) CHAPTER XIII ### [v1.c7.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.21) THE PURĀṆAS ### [v1.c7.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.22) By Professor E. J. RAPSON ### [v1.c7.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.23) | The classical definition of a Purāṇa . . . . . . | 296 | | Kshatriya literature . . . . . . . . . | 297, 302 | | Scriptures of the later Hinduism . . . . . . . | 298 | | Critical study of the Purāṇas . . . . . . . | 299 | | The Purāṇas and Upapurāṇas . . . . . . . | 300 | | Their chronological and geographical conceptions . . . . | 303 | | Genealogies partly legendary and partly historical . . . . . | 304 | ### [v1.c7.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7.24) | | PAGE | | Common traditional elements in Vedic literature and the Purāṇas | 305 | | Traditional period of the great war between Kurus and Pāṇḍus | 306 | | The Pūrus | 307 | | The Ikshvākus | 308 | | Kings or suzerains of Magadha: | | | Bṛihadrathas | 309 | | Pradyotas, originally kings of Avanti | 310 | | Çiçunāgas | 311 | | Nandas | 313 | | Contemporary dynasties in Northern and Central India | 315 | | Later kings of Magadha and suzerains of N. India: | | | The later Nandas, Mauryas, Çuṅgas, Kaṇvas, and Andhras | 317 | --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c7) · Pramāṇa