[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922) › v1.c8 # The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c8: Chapter XIV The Cambridge History of India, Vol. I: Ancient India v1.c8 - **Language:** English ### Chapter XIV ### [v1.c8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.1) THE PERSIAN DOMINIONS IN NORTHERN INDIA DOWN TO THE TIME OF ALEXANDER'S INVASION ### [v1.c8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.2) By A. V. Williams Jackson, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Indo-Irānian Languages in Columbia University ### [v1.c8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.3) | Prehistoric connexions between Persia and India | 319 | | Common Indo-Irānian domains | 321 | | Evidence of the Veda and the Avesta | 322 | | Avestan, Old Persian, Greek, and modern designations of Persian provinces south of the Hindu Kush | 326 | | Early commerce between India and Babylon | 329 | | The eastern campaigns of Cyrus | 329 | | Cambyses | 333 | | Darius | 334 | | Xerxes | 340 | | Decadence of the Achaemenian empire | 340 | | The conquest of Persia by Alexander | 341 | | Extent of Persian influence in India | 341 | ### [v1.c8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.4) Note to Chapter XIV ### [v1.c8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.5) Ancient Persian Coins in India ### [v1.c8.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.6) By Dr George Macdonald ### [v1.c8.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.7) | The rarity of Persian gold coins in India explained by the low ratio of gold to silver | 342 | | The attribution of punch-marked Persian silver coins to India doubtful | 343 | ### [v1.c8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.8) CHAPTER XV ### [v1.c8.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.9) ALEXANDER THE GREAT ### [v1.c8.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.10) By E. R. Bevan, M.A., Hon. Fellow of New College, Oxford ### [v1.c8.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.11) | The Kābul valley and the Punjab in the fourth century B.C. | 345 | | Alexander's conquest of the Persian empire; settlements in Seistān, Kandahār, and the upper Kābul valley; invasion of Bactria | 347–8 | | The rāja of Takshaçilā and the Paurava king (Porus) | 349 | ### [v1.c8.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.12) Invasion of India from the upper Kābul valley . . . . . 350 Hill tribes beyond the N.W. frontier . . . . . 352 Occupation of the lower Kābul valley . . . . . 354 Siege and capture of Aornus . . . . . 356 The crossing of the Indus . . . . . 357 Reception at Takshaçilā . . . . . 358 The Paurava king . . . . . 359, 368, 383 The battle of the Hydaspes . . . . . 360 Foundation of Nicaea and Bucephala. . . . . 368 Flight of the second Paurava king, and occupation of his kingdom . 370 Capture of Sangala . . . . . 371 Saubhūti (Sophytes) . . . . . 371 The Hyphasis, the eastern limit of Alexander's conquests . . 372 Return to the Hydaspes; expedition to the Indus delta . . 373 Defeat of the Mālavas . . . . . 375 Musicanus . . . . . 377 Return of Craterus through Kandahār and Seistān . . . 379 Pattala . . . . . 379 Return of Alexander through Gedrosia . . . . . 380 Return of Nearchus by sea . . . . . 381 Alexander's Indian satrapies . . . . . 383 Consequences of the invasion . . . . . 384 ### [v1.c8.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.13) NOTE TO CHAPTER XV ### [v1.c8.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.14) ANCIENT GREEK COINS IN INDIA ### [v1.c8.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.15) By Dr GEORGE MACDONALD ### [v1.c8.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.16) Athenian and Macedonian types . . . . . 386 Sophytes . . . . . 388 Coins attributed to Alexander . . . . . 388 Double darics . . . . . 390 ### [v1.c8.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.17) CHAPTER XVI ### [v1.c8.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.18) INDIA IN EARLY GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE ### [v1.c8.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.19) By E. R. BEVAN, M.A. ### [v1.c8.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.20) The early sources of information . . . . . 391 Scylax of Caryanda; Hecataeus of Miletus; Herodotus; Ctesias of Cnidus. . . . . 393 Nearchus; Onesicritus; Clitarchus . . . . . 398–9 Megasthenes; Daïmachus; Patrocles . . . . . 399–400 Geography and physical phenomena . . . . . 400 The mineral, vegetable, and animal world . . . . . 403 Ethnology and mythology . . . . . 407 Social divisions according to Megasthenes . . . . . 409 His description of Pāṭaliputra . . . . . 411 Manners and customs; laws . . . . . 412 Marriage; suttee; disposal of the dead; slavery . . . . 414 The king; royal festivals; government officials . . . . 416 Industries . . . . . 418 Brāhmans; ascetics; philosophers . . . . . 419 ### [v1.c8.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8.21) Deities . . . . . . . . . 422 Fabulous creatures . . . . . . . . 422 Pearls; Southern India and Ceylon . . . . . . 423 Later sources of information—Apollodorus of Artemita; Eratosthenes; Alexander Polyhistor; Strabo; Pliny; Arrian; Aelian . . 425 Greek merchantmen . . . . . . . . 425 ## Cites (1) - [Takṣaśilā](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.site.taxila) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.rapson-1922.v1.c8) · Pramāṇa