[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931) › v1.c11.2 # The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c11.2 The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c11.2 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c11.2) The area indicated by the word \*Sind\* has varied from age to age. The Hindu geographers probably included the lower Indus valley in the term \*Sindhu-Sauvīra\*.¹ When Yuan Chwang visited Sind, the whole region from Shikarpur down to the sea was politically subject to Sind, but of this area \*Sin-tu\* (Sind) appears to have formed only a small portion.² To the Arab writers however \*as-Sind\* meant a much bigger area. Thus Balādhurī (9th century A.D.) describes al-Kīkān (modern Kelat³ in Baluchistan) as 'part of the land of \*as-Sind\* where it borders on Khurāsān.'⁴ Mukaddasī (10th century A.D.) praises 'al-Lahūm,' a city in Bāmiyān as 'the trade port of Khurāsān and the treasure house of Sind.'⁵ This passage probably refers to the proximity of the frontiers of Bāmiyān, Khurāsān, and Sind. Multan, which was outside Sind in the time of Yuan Chwang, was also included in \*as-Sind\* by the Arab historians. The boundaries of Sind in the east cannot be precisely indicated. - [Previous: v1.c10.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c10.19) - [Next: v1.c11.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c11.3) - [Up: v1.c11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c11) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c11.2) · Pramāṇa