[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931) › v1.c13.104 # The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c13.104 The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c13.104 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c13.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13.104) Parvagupta rose from humble circumstances, his grand-father being a mere clerk (\*divira\*). He appears to have been a strong ruler, and Kalhaṇa tells us that the "malevolent princes, \*Ekāṅgas\*, chiefs, ministers, officials and \*Tantrins\* (\*pārthiv-aikāṅga-sāmanta-mantri-kāyastha-tantri\*) were all afraid of him." But his reign was characterised by fiscal oppression. - [Previous: v1.c13.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13.103) - [Next: v1.c13.105](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13.105) - [Up: v1.c13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c13.104) · Pramāṇa