[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931) › v1.c17.3 # The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c17.3 The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v1.c17.3 - **Language:** English ### [v1.c17.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17.3) ¹ See \*infra\*, chapter on the Haihayas. Though in its narrow sense \*Kaliṅga\* was always distinguished from Oḍra, Utkala and Mahākosala, yet the fact that the Purāṇas definitely state that the Narmadā drained Amarakaṇṭaka, situated in the western half of \*Kaliṅga\* (\*Kaliṅgadeśe paścārdhe parvate'marakaṇṭake\*) seems to support our contention. See \*Matsya\* (Ed. by Jīvānanda Vidyāsāgara), Chap. 184, V. 12. Note also the three Kaliṅgas mentioned by Pliny, viz., \*Calingae\*, \*Macco-Calingae\* and \*Gangarides-Calingae\*, \*AGI\*, p. 594. \*Macco\* may signify \*Mekala\* or the Dravidian \*Muka\* meaning \*three\*. In the latter case \*Macco-Calingae\* may be \*Muk-Kalingam\* (=\*Mukha-Liṅgam\*) = \*Trikaliṅgam\*. See \*JBORS\*, Vol. XIV, pp. 539-47; \*ibid\*, Vol. XIV, pp. 635-42. - [Previous: v1.c17.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17.2) - [Next: v1.c17.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17.4) - [Up: v1.c17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17) ## Cites (1) - [Matsyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.matsya) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.ray-1931.v1.c17.3) · Pramāṇa