The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v2.c30.s5: (2) Paramāras of Candrāvatī and Arbuda (Abu)

The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v2.c30.s5

Language: English

(2) Paramāras of Candrāvatī and Arbuda (Abu)

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The earliest reference to this branch of the Paramāras is obtained from the *Vasantgadh stone-inscription* of the Paramāra Pūrṇapāla, dated in V.S. 1099.² The introductory portion of this record gives the following genealogy of Pūrṇapāla:—

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² *EI*, Vol. IX, pp. 10-15.

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``` From the anger (kopa) of Vasiṣṭha was produced a Kumāra; from him the Paramāras; ³ in his lineage Utpalarāja

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³ Notice the peculiar spelling.

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Araṇyarāja

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Adbhuta-Kṛṣṇarāja

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? Mahīpāla

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Dhandhuka = Amṛtadevī

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| . . . . .
| |

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Pūrṇapāla Lāhiṇī (ruled in Arbuda-maṇḍala.) ```

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It is evident from this list that Pūrṇapāla traced his descent to one Utpalarāja. It is not improbable that this prince is identical with Vākpati II (*c.* 975-90 A.D.) of the Malwa branch, who had the additional name of Utpalarāja.¹ If this identification is accepted, we must suppose that Vākpati conquered the Abu country in the course of his campaigns against the Cāhamānas of Nadol and the Caulukyas of Anahilavad.² Āraṇyarāja, the son of Vākpati-Utpala, was therefore in all probability established as the first feudatory of his father in the Arbuda-*maṇḍala*. Āraṇyarāja was succeeded by his son Vāsudeva³ *alias* Abdhuta-Kṛṣṇarāja I. This Kṛṣṇarāja may be identical with the hero Kānhadadeva, whose name occurs as that of one of the Abu Paramāras in the Mt. Abu Vimala temple-inscription⁴ dated in V.S. 1378 (A.D. 1322). But it is more likely that the person meant in the Abu inscription was the prince Kṛṣṇarāja from whom Vākpati II traces his descent in his grants.⁵ The next name on the list is that of Mahīpāla, who was possibly his son, though it is difficult to be certain on the point on account of some damage to the inscription.⁶ Rai Bahadur Ojha and Dr. Bhandarkar place the name of Dharaṇīvarāha between Kṛṣṇarāja and Mahīpāla, and accept him as the son of the former and father of the latter.⁷ It is likely that Mahīpāla had another name, Devarāja.⁸ An unpublished grant of Mahīpāla is reported to bear the date V.S. 1059 (*c.* 1002 A.D.).⁹ Mahīpāla was succeeded by Dhandhuka. This prince is probably to be identified with the Abu Paramāra of that name mentioned in the Vimala temple-inscription referred to above. We are told in this record that Dhandhu-rāja, lord of the town of Candrāvatī, was born in the family of Paramāra Kāṇhaḍadeva. This Dhandhu, ‘averse from rendering homage to the (Caulukya) king Bhīma I (*c.* 1022-64 A.D.) and to escape from that king’s anger, took refuge with king Bhoja, the lord of Dhārā’¹ (*c.* 1010-55 A.D.). As the inscription after this statement abruptly introduces the Prāgvāṭa Vimala, the *Daṇḍapati* of Bhīma I at Arbuda, and refers to his building of a temple of Ṛṣabha (Yugādi-bhartṛ, Yugādi-jina, Ādi-nātha) on the top of the mountain in V.S. 1088 (*c.* 1031 A.D.)² it seems almost certain that Vimala became the Caulukya governor of this region after ousting the Paramāra Dhandhu, who was probably the feudatory of Bhoja. But the *Vasantgaḍ stone-inscription of Pūrṇapāla* shows that the Paramāras were not permanently ousted from the Abu region. This record was found in a tank at Vasantgaḍh, apparently situated to the east of Mt. Abu, in the Sirohi State of Rajputana. It contains 23 lines of writing, of which about 15 *akṣaras* have been lost at the commencement of lines 1-9. The inscription opens with two verses in which ‘the author pays homage to Maheśvara, Prācetasa (Vālmīki), and Vāṇī (the goddess of eloquence.)’ The 3rd verse invokes Hari (Viṣṇu). Then follows the genealogy of Pūrṇapāla, as shown above.³ Then we are told that Pūrṇapāla’s sister Lāhiṇī was married to one Vigraharāja. The genealogy of this person is given as follows:—

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¹ See *ante, DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 854.

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² See *ante, DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 855.

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³ *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 20, No. 123.

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⁴ *EI*, Vol. IX, p. 155, line 3. Also called the *Divāḍā Inscription* (of the Devḍā Cāhamāna Luṃbhaka), *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 95, No. 677.

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⁵ See *ante, DNHI*, Vol. II, pp. 844, 852.

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⁶ Kielhorn writes 'His son (or, if a name should have been lost at the commencement of line 4, his son's son). *EI*, Vol. IX. p. 11.

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⁷ Ojha, *HR*, I, pp. 171-72. *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 20, No. 123.

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⁸ See *BG*, Vol. I, Part I, pp. 472-73. The Bhinmal inscription of Kṛṣṇarāja, the son of Dhandhuka and grandson of Devarāja. Ojha, *HR*, I, p. 172.

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¹ *EI*, Vol. IX, p. 151 and pp. 155-56, lines 4-5.

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² *Ibid*, pp. 149, 151 and 156, lines 5, 8.

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³ See *ante*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 908.

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*Dvija* Yoṭa……by his bravery acquired the title king (*bhūpa*).
In his lineage
*Nṛpa* Bhavagupta……restored the sun-temple at Vaṭa (*Vaṭa-vāsi-bhānu*). He reigned at Vaṭa.⁴

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⁴ Vaṭa-nagara or Vaṭa-pura was situated on the bank of the Sarasvatī (line 15). It is not identified; but Kielhorn points out that it was an ancient place, for it is mentioned in the Vasantgadh inscription of Varmalāta of the (V.)S. 682 (*EI*, Vol. IX, p. 191), and in a somewhat earlier inscription found at the village of Samoli in the Bhomaṭ district of Mewar. *EI*, Vol. IX, p. 99. It is probably identical with Vasantgadh, or was situated near by.

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In his lineage
Saṁgrāmarāja……ruled at Badarī in Vaṁśāratha.
|
Durlabharāja
|
Dhandhuka Caca
| |
Pūrṇapāla Lāhiṇī = Vigraharāja

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The object of this inscription is to record that the widowed Lāhiṇī restored an ancient temple of the sun, and probably also a tank.¹ It was composed by the Brāhman Mātṛśarman and engraved by Śivapāla. It is dated in V.S. 1099 (*c.* 1042 A.D.) in lines 22-23.²

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¹ Apparently the very tank where this record has been found, Kielhorn, *EI*, Vol. IX, p. 11.

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² Edited by Kielhorn in *EI*, Vol. IX, pp. 10-15. First edited by Captain Burt in *JASB*, Vol. X, pp. 664-74. The inscription was composed by the Brāhman Mātṛśarman and engraved by Śivapāla, the son of the *Sūtradhāra* Dēuka, grandson of Durga and great-grandson of the *sthapati* Nāga.

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Besides the above we have the *Bhadund stone-inscription* of Pūrṇapāla³ showing that he was still holding Arbuda-*maṇḍala* in (V.) *Saṁvat* 1102 (*c.* 1045 A.D.). This was discovered at Bhadund, about a mile and a half from Nana in the Jodhpur State. As Pūrṇapāla's reign coincided with that of Caulukya Bhīma I (*c.* 1022-64 A.D.), it seems likely that the officers of the latter still held Abu while the country around continued to be in the possession of Dhandhuka's son. Pūrṇapāla was possibly succeeded by Kṛṣṇarāja II.⁴ The following two inscriptions are known for his reign :—

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³ Noticed by Bhandarkar, *ASI, WC*, 1908, p. 50. Edited by Ramakarna, *JBRAS*, Vol XXIII, pp. 78 ff.

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⁴ See *infra, DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 912, fn. 3.

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(1) *Bhinmal stone-inscription (i).*—Incised on the lower part of a pillar in the *dharmaśālā* east of the temple of Bārāji east of the town. It contains 23 lines of writing and is somewhat damaged. The record opens with *Oṁ namaḥ Sūryāya* and a verse in praise of the Sun. Then comes the date (V.) S. 1117 (*c.* 1060 A.D.), at Śrīmāla, in the reign of *M.-Kṛṣṇarāja*, son of Dhaṁdhuka and grandson of Devarāja of the Paramāra race. It records some repairs to the temple of the god Jagatasvāmī (deva) by Dada Hari and some other persons, likewise some gifts and donations to the temple. The grants were made when Kiriṇāditya of the Dharakūṭa family was the office-holder in his turn for the current year (*Vartamāna-varṣa-vārika-Dharakūṭa-jāti Kiriṇāditya*.¹

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¹ Edited by Jackson in *BG*, Vol. I, Part I, pp. 472-73. Noticed by Bhandarkar, *ASI, WC*, 1908, p. 37.

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(2) *Bhinmal stone-inscription (ii)*.—Incised 'on the north face of the upper square section of the more northerly of the two pillars that support the eastern side of the dome of the temple of Jagasvāmi.' It contains 13 lines of writing. The record opens with *Oṁ*, then follows the date (V.) S. 1123 (*c.* 1067 A.D.) at Śrīmāla, in the reign of *M.-Kṛṣṇa-rāja*. The inscription is badly damaged, but appears to be a Śaiva record concerning one Jāvala, a *Pāśupatācārya* and a devotee of Candīśa-Mahādeva.²

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² Edited by Jackson in *BG*, Vol. I, Part I, pp. 473-74. On the date, see *EI*, Vol. V, *Appendix*, p. 93, No. 689.

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A difficulty in the identification of this Kṛṣṇarāja as a member of Pūrṇapāla's family is caused by the name of his grandfather Devarāja. But considering the proximity of his reign-period (*c.* 1060-67 A.D.) to that of Pūrṇapāla (*c.* 1042-45) the agreement in the name of the father of both princes, and the provenance of their records, it is perhaps reasonable to accept him as a brother of Pūrṇapāla.³ I have already suggested that Devarāja was possibly another name of Mahīpāla, the grandfather of Pūrṇapāla.⁴ Kielhorn has pointed out that the prince Kṛṣṇa whom the Naddūla Cāhamāna Bālaprasāda claims to have released from the prison of Bhīma I of Anahilavad (*c.* 1022-64 A.D.) is probably identical with this Abu prince.¹

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³ See *JBORS*, Vol. XVIII, 1932, pp. 40 ff., for another suggestion. Dr. Ganguly considers Kṛṣṇa and his predecessors mentioned in the two Bhinmal inscriptions (V.S. 1117 and 1123) as belonging to a separate branch of the Paramāras reigning over *Marumaṇḍala* from Bhinmal. See *supra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 842, fn. 3.

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⁴ See *ante*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 909.

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¹ *EI*, Vol. IX, pp. 75-76, V. 18; also p. 72; see *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapters on the *Caulukyas* and the *Cāhamānas*.

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There is a gap of about fifty years in the history of the Paramāras of Abu after Kṛṣṇarāja II. They next emerge from obscurity as feudatories of the Caulukyas of Anahilavad. The following genealogical list of these later Abu Paramāras is given in an Abu inscription (V.S. 1287=1230 A.D.)² of the time of Bhīma II (*c.* 1178-1241 A.D.).

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² *EI*, Vol. VIII, pp. 200-04, 208-19; see *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the *Caulukyas*.

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From the sacrificial fire-pit of Vasiṣṭha on Mt. Arbuda

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1. Paramāra : In that lineage
2. Dhūmarāja : Then there were
3. Dhandhuka,
4. Druvabhaṭa and others : In their lineage
5. Rāmadeva
6. Yaśodhavala
7. Dhārāvarṣa
8. Prahlādana
9. Somasimha
10. Kṛṣṇarāja.³

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³ Also known as 'Kānhadadeva.' See *EI*, Vol. VIII, p. 206.

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It is difficult to see what relationship this group had with the line of Pūrṇapāla, noticed above. The latter group seems to trace its pedigree back to Utpalarāja of the main line and beyond him possibly to Kānhadadeva (Kṛṣṇarāja). It is not improbable that this last prince is the same as the Dhūmarāja of the above list.⁴

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⁴ Dr. Barnett sees no ground for accepting this identification; I have tentatively suggested the identification because of the similarity of the two names; *dhūma* and *kṛṣṇa* both signify darkness.

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But as I have already noticed, there is a distant possibility that Kānhạḍadeva and the present Dhūmarāja may be identical with the Adbhuta-Kṛṣṇarāja of the Vasantgadh stone-inscription. Dhandhuka of the Abu inscription may also be the same as the father of Pūrṇapāla of the Vasantgadh epigraph. But without confirmatory evidence these suggestions must be regarded as pure guess. The person who really founded this line was Rāmadeva, who may have been a relative of Kṛṣṇarāja II (*c.* 1060-67 A.D.) of the two Bhinmal inscriptions noticed above. The *Kumārapālacarita* relates that the Caulukya king Kumārapāla suppressed the rebellion of Vikramasiṁha, the lord of Candrāvatī, and having imprisoned him, installed his nephew Yaśodhavala in his place.¹ This Yaśodhavala is no doubt to be identified with the prince of that name in the Mt. Abu inscription. He was certainly the feudatory of Kumārapāla (*c.* 1144-73 A.D.), as he claims to have killed Ballāla, the lord of Mālava, when the latter became hostile to the Caulukya prince.² Thus Vikramasiṁha appears to have been a brother of Rāmadeva, and may have been placed in Candrāvatī as his feudatory by Jayasiṁha Siddharāja (*c.* 1094-1144 A.D.). The following inscriptions of Yaśodhavala are so far known :—

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¹ See *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the *Caulukyas*.

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² *EI*, Vol. VIII, pp. 211 and 216, V. 35; also *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the *Caulukyas*.

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(i) *Ajahari stone-inscription.*—Discovered at Ajahari in the Jodhpur State, Rajputana. It is fragmentary and is dated in V.S. 1202 (A.D. 1146) in the time of *Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara* Yaśodhavaladeva. It is now preserved in the Ajmer Museum.³

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³ Ojha, *HR*, I, p. 175. *ASI, WC*, 1911, p. 38; *IA*, LVI, p. 12.

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(ii) *Mount Abu inscription.*—Found on Mount Abu, Sirohi State, Rajputana. It is dated in V.S. 1207 in the reign of *Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara* Yaśodhavaladeva.⁴ (iii) *Koyalbav inscription.*—Found at Koyalbav, Godwar, Jodhpur State, Rajputana. It is dated in V.S. 1208 in the reign of Jasadhavala (Yaśodhavala).¹

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⁴ *EI*, Vol. IX, p. 149; *ibid*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 43, No. 280.

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¹ *EI*, Vol. XX, p. 43, No. 289.

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Yaśodhavala was succeeded by his son Dhārāvarṣa, who claims in the Abu inscription to have defeated the lord of Kauṅkana, no doubt in the interest of his liege-lord the Caulukya Kumārapāla.² According to the *Pārthaparākrama* this Abu ruler also repulsed a night attack by the (Cāhamāna) Pṛthvīrāja III (*c.* 1179-98 A.D.), king of Jāṅgala.³ It is stated that up to now one copper-plate and 14 stone-inscriptions bearing dates from V.S. 1220 (*c.* 1163 A.D.) to V.S. 1276 (*c.* 1218 A.D.) have been discovered for the reign of Dhārāvarṣa.⁴ Of these the following appears to have been noticed or published so far:

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² *EI*, Vol. VIII, p. 212, V. 36; see also *infra*, chapter on the Caulukyas. The name of the lord of Koṅkan was Mallikārjuna.

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³ *GOS*, No. 4, p. 3; also *ibid*, *Introduction*, p. ii.

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⁴ *IA*, 1927, pp. 47-48. The discovery is said to have been made by G. H. Ojha of the Rajputana Museum, Ajmer.

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(1) *Kayadra stone-inscription.*—Found in the village of Kayadra (16 miles from Vasa in the Sirohi State) in a roofless brick shed near the ruined temple of Kāśi-Viśveśvara. It is dated in (V.) S. 1220 (*c.* 1163 A.D.) in the reign of *M.-Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara* Dhārāvarṣadeva, and records some grants by him to the god Kāśīśvara.⁵

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⁵ *ASI, WC*, 1907, p. 27; *ibid*, 1911, p. 39. In the absence of plates, it is not possible for me to compare it with No. 2 but the name of the god makes me suspicious that it may be the same record as the next one. See *IA*, 1924, p. 51. Bhandarkar seems to agree, see *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 48, No. 317.

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(2) *Abu stone-inscription* (i).—Contains 14 lines, of which ‘lines 7 and 14 are indistinct.’ It is written in a mixture of Sanskrit and Vernacular. It opens with *Oṁ svasti*, and then gives the date (V.) Saṁvat 1220 (*c.* 1163 A.D.) in the reign of *M.-Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara-Dhārāvarṣa*. It probably recorded the grant of a *Śāsana* by this prince granting remission of taxes, on (the village of) Phukahalī belonging to *Bhaṭṭāraka* Deveśvara, of the temple of Kāśīśvara, by *Kumhara* (Kumāra) Pālhaṇadeva. Lines 13-14 record the grant of a field by the *amātya* Sīvasiṁha.¹

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¹ Edited by R. R. Haldar, *IA*, 1927, Vol LVI, pp. 50-51. Now in the Rajputana Museum. Seems to be the same inscription as No. 1. But Haldar does not refer to it as previously noticed in *ASI, WC*, 1907, under a different name.

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(3) *Hathal grant.*—The plates were discovered at Hathal, Sirohi State, Rajputana. They are dated in V. S. 1237 in the reign of Dhārāvarṣa, lord of Arbuda (Abu).²

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² Edited by B. Shastri, *IA*, Vol. XLIII, p. 194.

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(4) *Ajahari inscription.*—Found at Ajahari, Jodhpur State, Rajputana. It is dated in V.S. 1240 in the time of Dhārāvarṣa-deva reigning at Candrāvatī.³

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³ Noticed by D. R. Bhandarkar, *ASI, WC*, 1911, p. 38.

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(5) *Mungthala inscription.*—Found at Mungthala, Sirohi State, Rajputana. It is dated in V.S. 1245 in the reign of Dhārāvarṣa-deva.⁴

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⁴ Noticed by D. R. Bhandarkar, *ibid*, 1907, p. 26.

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(6) *Abu stone-inscription (ii).*—This is dated in V.S. 1265 in the time of the Caulukya Bhīma II and his feudatory *Maṇḍalika* Dhārāvarṣa-deva. The latter was ruling at Candrāvatī with the *Kumārā-guru* Prahlādana as the *Yuvarāja*.⁵

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⁵ Edited by Cartellieri, *IA*, Vol. XI, pp. 220-23. For detailed notice of the record see *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the Caulukyas (reign of Bhīma II). The inscription is recorded in *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 65, No. 454 under the name *Kankhal inscription*.

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(7) *Abu stone-inscription (iii).*—4 lines only. It opens with the date (V.) Saṁvat 1271 (*c.* 1214 A.D.), and grants one *halavāha* (plough-drive) of land at the village of Sāvaḍa Vṛddha by the *Mahāmaṇḍaleśvara* Dhārāvarṣa.⁶

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⁶ Noticed by G. H. Ojha in *Annual Report, Rajputana Museum, Ajmer, 1910-11*, p. 2. Edited by R. R. Haldar, *IA*, 1227, pp. 50-57 now in the Rajputana Museum. The inscription is recorded in *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 67, No. 463 under the name *Butri inscription*.

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(8) *Abu stone-inscription (iv).*—Found in a temple of Śiva; contains 19 lines; broken in two pieces. It opens with the date (V.) Saṁvat 1274 (*c.* 1217 A.D.), in the reign of Dhārāvarṣa, the son of Jasadhavala (Yaśodhavala). The object is not clear; it ‘probably records the vow of certain persons to observe the festivity for two days on the day of *Mahārātri.*’ (*Śivarātri*).¹

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¹ Edited by Haldar, *IA*, Vol. LVI, p. 51 and pl., now in the Rajputana Museum.

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(9) *Pindwara stone-inscription.*—Found at Pindwara, the principal town of the *tahsil* of the same name, about 14 miles east of Sirohi. It is dated in (V.) *Saṁvat* 1274 (A.D. 1217), in the reign of Dhārāvarṣa, son of Jasadhavala, of the lineage of Śrī-Dhomarāja.²

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² Noticed in *ASI, WC*, 1906, p. 48. In the absence of plates I cannot compare it with No. 8; but it seems to be the same as No. 8; but Haldar does not refer to No. 8 as previously noticed under a different name. Bhandarkar seems to agree with me, *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 67, No. 469.

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(10) *Makaval inscription.*—This record is said to be engraved on a marble pillar on the bank of a tank at a little distance from the village of Makaval in the Sirohi state, Rajputana. It is dated in V.S. 1276 (*c.* 1219 A.D.) in the reign of Dhārāvarṣa of Candrāvatī.³

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³ Noticed by Sukthankar, *ASI, WC*, 1917, p. 61. See also *IA*, 1927, pp. 47-48; Ojha, *HR*, I, p. 177.

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The inscriptions noticed above range from 1220 to 1276 V.S., a period of 56 years (*c.* 1163-1219 A.D.). The inscription No. 2 above gives us the name of *Kumhara* Pālhaṇadeva, who must be identified with prince Prahlādana, who according to the Abu inscription, dated in V.S. 1287, was a younger brother of Dhārāvarṣa.⁴ Another Abu inscription (6), dated in V.S. 1265 describes *Māṇḍalika* Dhārāvarṣa as a feudatory of Bhīma II.⁵ This inscription, we are told, was composed during Dhārāvarṣa’s administration when the illustrious Prahlādana-deva, ‘an expert in all fine arts and useful sciences, a most worshipful prince, was the heir-apparent’ (*Ṣaḍ-darśana-avalambana-stambha-sakala-kalā-kovida-Kumāra-guru-Śrī-Prahlādana-deva*). These inscriptions therefore show that Dhārāvarṣa was contemporary with no less than four Caulukya princes, from Kumārapāla (*c.* 1144-73 A.D.) to Bhīma II (*c.* 1178-1214 A.D.). The claim of Prahlādana to literary merit is confirmed by his *Vyāyoga*, a one-act drama, named *Pārthaparākrama*.¹ I have suggested elsewhere that Dhārāvarṣa is probably to be identified with ‘Dārābars’ who with Rāi Karan led the Caulukya forces against Quṭb ud-Dīn in A.D. 1197.² I have also discussed the question of the identity of the Gurjara prince who according to the Abu inscription of V.S. 1287 mentioned above, was defended by Prahlādana when the former's power was broken in battle by the (Guhila) Sāmantasiṁha. He was probably Caulukya King Ajayapāla (*c.* 1173-76 A.D.).³ The same inscription, when read with another Abu record of the same date, shows that in 1287 V.S. (*c.* 1230 A.D.) Somasimha, the son of Dhārāvarṣa, was still ruling at Candrāvatī as feudatory of Bhīma II.⁴ Another inscription of Somasimha, stated to have been found in a temple at Devakṣetra in Sirohi State, carries his reign down to V.S. 1293 (*c.* 1236 A.D.).⁵ The recently discovered *Pāṭanārāyaṇa stone-inscription* shows that the line of the Abu Paramāras continued for three more generations. This record was found at Pāṭanārāyaṇa temple near Girvar, 4 miles west of Madhusudan in Sirohi. It contains 39 lines and opens with Oṁ namaḥ Puruṣottamāya. It traces the genealogy from Dhārāvarṣa as follows:—

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⁴ See *ante*, DHNI, Vol. II, p. 913.

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⁵ *IA*, Vol. XI, pp. 220-23.

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¹ Edited by Dalal in *GOS*, No. IV, 1917.

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² See *infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the *Caulukyas*; see also *EI*, Vol. XI, pp. 72-73; *IA*, 1927, p. 47. The *Hamīra-mada-mardana* of Jayasiṁha states that Dhārāvarṣa, one of the chiefs of the Maru country, helped Vīradhavala against the *Mleccha-cakravartī*, *GOS*, No. X, II, 8.

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³ *Infra*, *DHNI*, Vol. II, chapter on the *Caulukyas*; also *IA*, 1921, pp. 100-02.

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⁴ *EI*, Vol. VIII, p. 205.

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⁵ Noticed by Ojha, *Annual Report, Rajputana Museum*, 1911, p. 7. *HR*, I, 179, fn. 3, *ASI, WC*, 1917, p. 59.

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1. Dhārāvarṣa
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2. Somasimha
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3. Kṛṣṇarāja (III)
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4. Pratāpasiṁha.

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It records that the Brāhmaṇ Delhaṇa, minister of No. 4 above, carried out the repairs of the temple (of Pāṭa-nārāyaṇa) during the years (V.) S. 1343-1344 (*c.* 1286-87 A.D.). The inscription was engraved by Gāṅgadeva. Line 39 contains the date (V.) S. 1344.¹ The inscription tells us that Pratāpasiṁha defeated Jaitrakarṇa and regained Candrāvatī. It has been suggested that this Jaitrakarṇa is probably the Guhila Jaitrasiṁha, the grandson of Mathanasiṁha and son of Padmasiṁha.² The details of the history of Pratāpasiṁha’s successors are not very clear. But Ojha refers to a stone-inscription in the Brahmāṇa-svāmī (Sun) temple at the village of Varman in Sirohi, dated in V.S. 1356 (*c.* 1299 A.D.) in the reign of *Mahārājakula* Vikrama-siṁha,³ whom he accepts as the successor of Pratāpasiṁha, and the last of the Paramāras of Abu.⁴ An Abu inscription dated in V. S. 1377 (A.D. 1321) informs us that the Cāhamāna *Mahārājakula* Luntigadeva conquered and ruled over Candrāvatī and Arbuda.⁵ Another Abu inscription, dated in V.S. 1387 records repairs of a well by the *Guhilaputra* Mokala when Teja-siṁha was ruling at Candrāvatī.⁶ This Tejasiṁha has been identified as the nephew of Luntiga and one of the ancestors of the Cāhamāna family who still hold Sirohi. He appears to be identical with the *Devḍā* (Deora) Tejasiṁha (V. S. 1387-93 = *c.* 1330-1335 A.D.), a descendant of Kīrtipāla, who founded the *Sonigāṟā* branch of the Cāhamānas at Jalor. Kīrtipāla, was a brother of the Nadol Cāhamāna Kelhaṇa (V. S. 1221-39 = *c.* 1164-1182 A.D.).⁷ It is therefore certain that between the years V.S. 1344 and 1387 (*c.* 1277 and 1320 A.D.) the Paramāras were ousted from Abu by the Cāhamānas.⁸

Linked texts (6)

Vandram plates of Amma II — Sanskrit
Epigraphia Indica
Kumārapālacarita (Prākṛtadvyāśraya) — Hemacandra, Prakrit
Pārthaparākrama — Prahlādanadeva, Sanskrit
Mount Abu inscription of Tejāḥpāla (No. I) — Sanskrit
Mount Abu inscription (No. V) — Sanskrit