The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v2.c30.s7: (5) Paramāras of Kiradu (Kirāṭakūpa)
The Dynastic History of Northern India (Early Mediaeval Period) v2.c30.s7
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(5) Paramāras of Kiradu (Kirāṭakūpa)
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This branch is known from a stone-inscription which is reported to be incised on the pillar of a temple of Śiva at Kiradu (Kirāṭakūpa), in the Jodhpur State. The inscription is damaged, and has not yet been properly edited, though a transcript of the inscription was published as early as 1918.² Recently a summary of the contents of this inscription has been published by Prof. Bhandarkar.³ Rai Bahadur Ojha⁴ and Dr. Ganguly⁵ have also discussed the contents of this inscription. I have already noticed that there seem to be differences in the readings of the various scholars.⁶ The inscription refers to the origin of the Paramāras from the sacrificial pit on Mount Abu (*Arbuda bhudhara*) and then mentions the name of Mahārāja Sindhurāja of *Marumaṇḍala*. Ganguly suggests his identification with Sindhurāja (*c.* 995-1010 A.D.) of the main line. The next name is given by Bhandarkar as Usala (Utpala) and by Ganguly as Dūsala. According to the former the next two names are lost. The same scholar refers the next name as Dharaṇīvarāha. 'From him Devarāja Dhandhuka¹ who became ruler of *Marumaṇḍala* after propitiating Durlabharāja' who may have been either the Caulukya (*c.* 1010-22 A.D.) or the Cāhamāna prince (*c.* 999 A.D.) of the same name. Next came Kṛṣṇarāja,² Socharāja, Udayarāja, and Someśvara. G. S. Ojha thinks that the Socharāja was the son of the Abu Paramāra Kṛṣṇa II (*c.* 1060-67 A.D.). This is not impossible but in that case there must have been some mistake in reading and interpreting the names before Dharaṇīvarāha. The next prince, Udayarāja, whose might is said to have spread in Coḍa, Gauḍa, Karṇāṭa, and Mālava. His son Someśvara appears to have been the feudatory of both the Caulukya princes Jayasiṁha Siddharāja (*c.* 1094-1144 A.D.) and Kumārapāla (*c.* 1144-73 A.D.). According to Prof. Bhandarkar's reading Someśvara is said to have regained his lost throne in V.S. 1193 (? *c.* 1141 A.D.) through the assistance of the first of these two Caulukya princes. It is not unlikely that Someśvara was ousted from his paternal possessions by an invasion of the Cāhamānas under Arṇorāja (*c.* 1139 A.D.). The inscription next mentions that in V.S. 1205 (*c.* 1148 A.D.) in the time of Kumārapāla Someśvara consecrated a temple. In V.S. 1218 (*c.* 1161 A.D.) he claims to have taken 1,700 horses and the forts of Tanukoṭṭa³ and Navasara⁴ from the Sindhurāja Jajjaka, and made him a vassal of Kumārapāla. We have a Kiradu stone-inscription of the Nadol Cāhamāna Ālhaṇadeva, a feudatory of Kumārapāla, dated in V.S. 1209 (*c.* 1153 A.D.).⁵ This shows that some time after V.S. 1205 he was temporarily ousted from the Kiradu region and was again restored some time before V.S. 1218. Nothing is known about the subsequent career of Someśvara or any of his possible successors.
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² Nahar, *Jain Inscriptions* (*Jaina Lekha Saṁgraha*), Part I, pp. 251-53.
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³ *EI*, Vol. XX, *Appendix*, p. 47, No. 312.
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⁴ *HR*, I, pp. 182-83.
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⁵ *JBORS*, Vol. XVIII, 1932, pp. 40 ff.
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⁶ See *supra, DHNI*, Vol. II, p. 842, fn. 3.
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¹ Ganguly's suggestion that Dhandhuka is a separate ruler seems plausible.
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² Ganguly refers to this prince the two Bhinmal inscriptions (V.S. 1117 and 1123) mentioned above on pp. 911-12 as belonging to the Abu Paramāra Kṛṣṇa.
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³ According to Ojha, Tamnaut (probably Tanot of the *IGI*, Vol. XVI—Atlas, p. 34) in the Jaisalmer State.
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⁴ According to Ojha, Nausar in the Jodhpur State.
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⁵ *BI*, pp. 172-73.
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(*Dates Approximate.*)
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(1) *Paramāras of Lāṭa and Mālava* (*c.* 888-1810).
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``` Paramāra : Upendrarāja, alias Kṛṣṇarāja ?
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Vairisiṁha I
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Sīyaka I
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Vākpatirāja I, alias Bappairāja
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Vairisiṁha II, alias Vajraṭasvāmin.
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Harṣa, alias Sīyaka II (Harṣasiṁha ?) (c. 948-74 A.D.). = Vaḍajādevī . . . . . | . . . . .
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Vakpati II, alias, Utpalarāja, | Muñja (c. 974-995 A.D.). | Amoghavarṣa Pṛthvīvalla- | bha and Śrīvallabha=Mṛṇā- | lavatī. | Sindhurāja, alias Navasāha- | sāṅka (c. 995-1010 A.D.) |
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Bhojadeva I ? | (c. 1010-1055 A.D.). Udayāditya |
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| (c. 1060-1087 A.D.). |
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Jayasiṁha I |___________| (c. 1055-1060 A.D.). | . . . . . | . . . . . |___________
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Lakṣmadeva Naravarman Syāmaladevī= Guhilaputra (alias Jagaddeva (c. 1097-1111 A.D.). | Vijayasirṁha ?) | =Momaladevī ? | Yaśovarman (c. 1134-42 A.D.). Alhaṇadevī=Ḍāhala Kalacuri Gayā-Karṇa (1151 A.D.) ``` (2) *Paramāras of Candrāvatī and Arbuda* (c. 975-1300 A.D.).
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Dhandhuka . . . . . | . . . . .
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Pūrṇapāla ? (1042-45 A.D.). Kṛṣṇarāja II (1060-67 A.D.). ? : Dhruvabhaṭa and others. : . . . . . |
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Rāmadeva Vikramasiṁha I
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Yaśodhavala (c. 1146-52
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| A.D.) . . . . . |
| |
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Dhārāvarṣa Prahlādana
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| (c. 1163-1219 A.D.).
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Somasiṁha (c. 1230-39 A.D.).
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Kṛṣṇarāja III
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Pratāpasiṁha (1286-87 A.D.). : ? Vikramasiṁha II ? (1299 A.D.). ```
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(3) *Paramāras of Banswara (Vāgaḍa).*
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Vairisiṁha × Ḍambarasīṁha (probably Vairisiṁha I | : of the main line). | _____| Dhanika ×
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Kaṁkadeva (Kakka ?)
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| alias Cacca. (?)
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Caṇḍapa
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Satyarāja
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| = Rājaśrī.
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Limbarāja Maṇḍalīka, alias Maṇḍana
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| (c. 1059 A.D.).
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Cāmuṇḍarāja
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| (c. 1080-1102 A.D.).
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Vijayarāja (c. 1108-09 A.D.). ``` (4) *Paramāras of Jalor (Jāvālipura).*
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Vakpatirāja (probably the second prince of that name of the main line).
|
Candana
|
Devarāja
|
Aparājita
|
Vijjala
|
Dhārāvarṣa
|
Visala = Mallāradevī
(c. 1118 A.D.).
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(5) *Paramāras of Kiradu (Kirātakūpa).*
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Sindhurāja
:
Usala (Utpala) or Dūsala (?)
x
x
(Dharaṇīvarāha)
|
Devarāja Dhandhuka ¹
|
Kṛṣṇarāja ²
Socharāja ³
|
Udayarāja
|
Someśvara
(1161 A.D.).
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¹ The reading of the Kiradu inscription may possibly be
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² Identified by some with the Abu Paramāra Kṛṣṇa II.
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³ Son of Abu Paramāra Kṛṣṇa (?).
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Devarāja
|
Dhandhuka
|
Kṛṣṇarāja
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1. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Parts I and II.
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2. *Navasāhasāṅka-carita* of Padmagupta *alias* Parimala. Ed. by Vāmana Śāstrī, Islāmpūkar, Bombay, Sanskrit Series. No. LIII, 1895.
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3. Über das Navasāhasāṅkacarita des Padmagupta oder Parimala: Von G. Bühler und Th. Zachariae, Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Sitzungsberichte (Philosophisch-Historische Classe), Band CXVI, pp. 583-630.
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4. *Pārijātamañjarī* or *Vijayaśrī* of Bālasarasvatī Madana: edited by Hultzsch, *EI*, Vol. VIII, pp. 96-122 (First two acts only). Separately edited by the same, Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig, 1906.
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5. Aufrecht's Catalogus Catalogorum, Part I, p. 418; Part II, p. 95.
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6. *Kūrmaśataka* of Bhoja, edited by Pischel, *EI*, Vol. VIII, pp. 241-60.
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7. *Samarāṅgaṇa-Sūtradhāra* of Bhoja, ed. by Gaṇapati Sāstrī, in *GOS*, Nos. XXV & XXXII.
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8. *Prabandha-cintāmaṇi* of Merutuṅga, translated by Tawney, Calcutta, 1901.
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9. *Ras Mala* by Forbes, ed. by Rawlinson, Oxford, 1924, Vol. I.
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10. *Hammīra-mada-mardana* of Jayasiṁha Sūri, edited in *GOS*, No. X.
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11. *Hammīra-Mahākāvya*. Extracts in *IA*, Vol. VIII, pp. 55-73, by N. J. Kirtane. Text ed. by the same.
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12. *Kumārapāla-carita* of Jayasiṁha Sūri. Nirṇaya-Sāgara-Press, Bombay, 1926.
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¹³ *Ṭabaqāt-i-Nāṣirī*, translated by Raverty, Vol. I.
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¹⁴ *Ta'rīkh-i-Firishta*, translated by Briggs, Vol. I.
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¹⁵ *Tāj-ul Ma'āthir*, of Ḥasan Niẓāmī, Extracts. Trans. in *Elliot*, Vol. II, pp. 204 ff.
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16. *Pārtha-parākrama-Vyāyoga*, of Prahlādanadeva, ed. by Dalal, in *GOS*, No. IV, 1917.
17. Introduction to the Udaipur *praśasti*, on the history of the Paramāras of Malwa by Bühler, *EI*, Vol. I, pp. 223-33.
18. *Paramāras of Dhar and Malwa* by Captain C. E. Luard and K. K. Lele (reprinted from the Dhar State Gazetteer), British India Press, Bombay, 1908 (available in the Bodleian, Oxford).
19. *History of Rajputana* (Hindi) by G. H. Ojha, Fasciculus I, Ajmere, V. S. 1982 (A.D. 1925)
20. *Triṣaṣṭi-smṛti* of Āśādhara.
21. *Jinayajña-kalpa*, by the same.
22. *Sāgāra-Dharmāmṛta*, by the same. Ed. by M. Sāstrī, Bombay, 1915. No. 2 of Māṇikchānd-Digambara-Jaina-grantha-mālā.
23. *Anagāra-Dharmāmṛta*, by the same. Ed. by M. Sāstrī, Bombay, 1919. No. 14 of Māṇikchānd-Digambara-Jaina-grantha-mālā.
24. *Cambridge History of India*, Vol. III, Chapters III, V, and XX.
25. Udaipur Temple of Malwa and its Builder by K. P. Jayaswal, *Modern Review*, June, 1932, pp. 603-06.
26. Paramāras of Bhinmal by D. C. Ganguly, *JBORS*, Vol. XVII, Part I, March, 1932, pp. 40-44.
27. *History of the Paramāras* by the same author (in the Press).