History of Aurangzib, Based on Original Sources v2.c20: Front matter
History of Aurangzib, Based on Original Sources v2.c20
- Language
- English
Front matter
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HISTORY OF AURANGZIB
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J. N. SARKAR
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in 2008 with funding from Microsoft Corporation
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http://www.archive.org/details/historyofaurangz02sarkuoft
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Works by Jadunath Sarkar, M.A.
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1. *History of Aurangzib*, based on Persian sources. Rs. Vol. I. Reign of Shah Jahan, pp. 402. Vol. II. War of Succession, pp. 328. 3½ each.
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2. *Anecdotes of Aurangzib* (English translation and notes) and *Historical Essays*, pp. 248. 1½
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3. *Ahkam-i-Alamgiri*, Persian text with an English translation (*Anecdotes of Aurangzib*) and notes, pp. 72+146 ... ... 1
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4. *Chaitanya's Pilgrimages and Teachings*, being an English translation of his contemporary biography, *Chaitanya-charitamrita*, Madhya-lila, pp. 320+ ... 2
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5. *India of Aurangzib: Statistics, Topography and Roads*, with translations from the *Khulasat-ut-tawarikh* and the *Chahar Gulshan*. (Not a history), pp. 300 ... 2½
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6. *Economics of British India*, 3rd ed., pp. 300 + (In preparation) ... ... 3
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7. *Essays, Social and Literary*, by Ravindranath Tagore, translated into English. (In preparation).
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SOLD BY M. C. Sarkar & Sons, 75, Harrison Road, Calcutta. S. K. Lahiri & Co., 56, College Str., Calcutta. G. A. Natesan, 3, Shunkurama Chetti Str., Madras. D. B. Taraporevala Sons & Co., 103, Medows Str., Bombay. Luzac & Co., 46, Great Russell Str., LONDON.
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Mainly based on Persian Sources.
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JADUNATH SARKAR, M.A.,
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*Professor, Patna College.*
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Vol. II.
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War of Succession.
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M. C. SARKAR & SONS,
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75, HARRISON ROAD,
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CALCUTTA.
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5s. net.
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Rs. 3-8 As.
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DS
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.7 S32 V.2
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KUNTALINE PRESS. PRINTED BY PURNA CHANDRA DASS, 61 & 62, BOWBAZAR STREET, CALCUTTA. PUBLISHED BY M. C. SARKAR & SONS, 75, HARRISON ROAD, CALCUTTA.
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Chapter XV. Battle of Dharmat.
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Jaswant at Ujjain, 1—his movements, 2—tries to avert a battle, 3—his difficulties, 5—treachery in his ranks, 7—his plan of battle, 9—contending forces, 11—order of battle, 12—Rajput Van charges, 14—defence by Aurangzib's Van, 15—Rajputs destroyed, 18—Murad attacks the Imperial left wing, 19—Jaswant's flight, 21—plunder, 22—Aurangzib's gain in prestige, 23—his memorial buildings, 24—casualties, 25—Aurangzib crosses the Chambal, 28—reaches Samugarh, 30.
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Chapter XVI. Battle of Samugarh.
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Shah Jahan starts for Delhi, 32—Dara gathers a new army, 33—takes leave of Shah Jahan, 36—reaches Samugarh, 38—evening before the battle, 39—Dara's army: its formation, 40—its weakness, 43—Aurangzib's battle order, 44—cannonade, 46—charge of Dara's left wing, 47—repulsed, 48—Chhatra Sal charges Murad, 49—Rajput attack on Aurangzib, 50—desperate fight, 51—Dara's foolish movements, 52—havoc by Aurangzib's artillery, 56—flight of Dara's army, 57—Dara's escape, 59—casualties, 60—tactics criticised, 63.
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Chapter XVII. Capture of Agra Fort and Captivity of Murad.
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News of Samugarh reaches Agra, 65—grief of Shah Jahan, 66—Dara's despondency, 67—his flight from Agra, 68—Aurangzib arrives outside Agra, 70—is joined by many nobles, 71—his correspondence with Shah Jahan, 71—Shah Jahan's loving messages, 74—Aurangzib seizes Agra city, 77—besieges Agra fort, 78—cuts off its water supply, 79—Shah Jahan's pathetic entreaty, 80—he surrenders Agra fort, 82—Jahanara's embassy fails, 83—Aurangzib refuses to visit Shah Jahan, 85—close confinement of Shah Jahan, 85—Murad's jealousy of Aurangzib, 87—his ambition, 89—open rivalry with Aurangzib, 90—Murad invited by Aurangzib, 92—welcomed and feasted, 93—treacherously disarmed and imprisoned, 94—Murad in Gwalior prison, 97—attempted rescue, 98—tried for murder of Ali Naqi and beheaded, 99.
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Chapter XVIII. Pursuit of Dara Shukoh.
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Dara at Delhi, 101—his difficulties, 102—goes to Lahore, 103—holds the line of the Satlej, 104—Aurangzib at Delhi, 106—crowns himself, 107—his Van crosses the Satlej, 108—Dara abandons the Bias, 110—desertions from his army, 110—his suspicion roused against Daud Khan by a false letter, 112—Dara leaves Lahore, 113—Aurangzib pursues Dara to Multan, 115—history of Dara's flight down the Indus, 117—pursuit to Bhakkar, 119—Dara's miserable condition, 120—deserted by Daud Khan, 121—pursued to Sehwan, 123—intercepted, 124—escapes to Tatta, 126—to Guzerat, 127—return of pursuing army, 128.
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Chapter XIX. Shuja's Struggles for the Throne.
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Character of Shuja, 129—he crowns himself, 130—advances to Benares, 131—his camp surprised by Sulaiman Shukoh, 132—Shuja's flight, 134—treaty with Sulaiman, 136—Aurangzib's friendly letter to Shuja, 137—Shuja's second advance, 139—reaches Khajwah, 140—Aurangzib arrives to oppose him, 141—advances on Shuja's position, 143—eve of the battle, 144—Aurangzib's camp looted by Jaswant, 145—panic and dispersion, 147—Aurangzib's coolness, 148—the contending armies, 149—Aurangzib's left wing routed, 153—attack on his centre repelled, 154—his right wing hard pressed, 155—reinforced, beats the attack back, 157—general advance of Aurangzib's army, 158—flight of Shuja, 159—spoils, 160—tactics, 161.
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Chapter XX. Battle of Deorai.
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Dara's flight from Sindh, 162—welcomed by the Rao of Cutch, 163—Dara at Ahmadabad, 164—his conflicting plans, 165—invited to Ajmir by Jaswant, 167—Jaswant deserts Dara, 168—Dara entrenches a pass near Ajmir, 171—battle: first day, 173—second day, 175—third day, 176—Dara's left rear turned, 177—attack on Shah Nawaz Khan's trenches, 178—obstinate fight, 179—trenches stormed, 181—flight of Dara's troops, 183—Dara's family escape from Ajmir, 185—plunder, 186—Aurangzib after victory, 187.
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Chapter XXI. End of Dara Shukoh.
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Dara's flight to Mairta, 189—his sufferings, 191—paths closed to him, 192—he is refused admission to Ahmadabad, 193—flight to Cutch, 194—and Sehwan, 195—Jai Singh's march in pursuit, 196—reaches Ahmadabad, 197—and Cutch, 198—crosses the Rann: terrible sufferings of troops, 199—loss of horses and cattle, 201—Jai Singh's loyalty vindicated, 203—Dara in the Baluch country, 204—his reluctance to leave India, 206—Malik Jiwan welcomes Dara, 206—death of Dara's wife 206—Jiwan treacherously imprisons Dara, 208—and delivers him up to the Imperial generals, 209,—Dara brought to Delhi, 210—paraded through the streets, 211—popular sympathy, 212—Dara sentenced to death, 214—riot, 216—murder of Dara, 217—his burial, 219.
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Chapter XXII. End of Sulaiman Shukoh.
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Sulaiman hears of Samugarh, 221—deserted by his troops, 222—retreats to Allahabad, 223—marches to Hardwar, 224—his path to the Panjab closed, 225—wishes to enter Garhwal, 227—robbed and deserted by his followers, 229—seeks asylum in Garhwal, 230—Aurangzib invades Garhwal, 232—Sulaiman delivered up to the Mughals, 233—interview with Aurangzib, 234—drugged to death in prison, 236.
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Chapter XXIII. Pursuit of Shuja.
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Shuja's flight from Khajwah, 237—at Mungir blocks the road, 239—Shuja at Sahibganj, 241—Mir Jumla's detour, 242—Rajput contingent secedes from Mir Jumla, 243—Shuja's flight to Rajmahal, 245—Alawardi Khan conspires, 246—is beheaded, 248—Mir Jumla occupies Rajmahal, 248—scene of the war, 249—Shuja's naval superiority, 251—strategy of the war, 253—Mir Jumla's first *coup*, 254—his second *coup*, 256—his third *coup* fails, 258—Prince Muhammad deserts to Shuja, 260—rainy season, 262—Rajmahal water-locked, 263—recaptured by Shuja, 264—compaign renewed, 265—battle of Gheria, 266—Shuja's rear threatened, 267—his retreat, 268—skirmishes, 269—Shuja abandons the west bank for good, 270.
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Chapter XXIV. End of Shuja.
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Mir Jumla's new plan of war, 272—his base at Samdah, 273—advance on Maldah, 274—grand turning movement, 275—fords the Mahananda with loss, 276—Shuja's flight to Dacca, 278—Mir Jumla captures Tanda, 279—Shuja's property and harem seized, 280—Shuja's flight from Dacca, 282—help sent to him by the Arracanese, 283—Shuja leaves India, 285—his mysterious death in Arracan, 286—Dutch account of it, 287.
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Chapter XXV. Grand Enthronement of Aurangzib.
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Peculiar solemnity of Aurangzib's second coronation, 289—features of a Muslim coronation, 290—march through the streets, 292—appearance of Aurangzib, 293—decoration of the *Diwan-i-am*, 294—his enthronement, 296—*khutba*, presents, new coins, 296—audience held in the harem, 298—his new ordinances, 299—tributes and presents, 299—fireworks and illumination, 300.
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Bibliography ... ... ... 301 Corrections and Additions ... ... 318