Fall of the Mughal Empire v1.c4: Contents

Fall of the Mughal Empire v1.c4

Language: English

v1.c4.3

CH. I. Muhammad Shah's Reign after Nadir's departure ... ... 1—40

Survey of Delhi empire, 1—condition of India after Nadir's invasion, 3—Emperor Muhammad Sh., character, 6—wazir Qamruddin, 10—Turāni and Irāni factions at Court, 13—chief officers, 15—Amir Kh., 17—Md. Ishaq Kh. I, 18—Asad Yār Kh. 21, 37—Safdar Jang, 22—how administration broke down, 24—Amir Kh.'s plot to overthrow wazir, fails, 26—Amir Kh. promotes Safdar, 33—Persian influence at Court, 35—Amir Kh. murdered, 38.

v1.c4.5

CH. II. Afghan settlements in the Gangetic Doab ... ... 41—66

v1.c4.6

Condition of Afghans under Mughal rule, 41—Afghan settlements in the Doab, 44—Muhammad Kh. Bangash, career, 45—Ali Muhammad Ruhela's career, 47—Ruhela tactics, 52—national character, 54—Emperor's campaign against Ali Md. Ruhela (1745), 57—Rohilkhand gets out of Government control, 63.

v1.c4.7

CH. III. Maratha incursions into Bengal Bihar and Orissa ... ... ... 67—126

v1.c4.8

How Maratha power overspread India, 67—independent governors of Bengal, 70—Alivardi's campaigns in Orissā (1741), 72—first Maratha invasion (1742), 74—Alivardi's retreat from Bardwān to Katwā, 77—Mir Habib, career and character, 80—raid on Murshidabad, 81—Marāthas capture Hughli, 83—Marātha atrocities, 86—Bhāskar expelled, 89—Safdar Jang in Bihār, 94—Peshwā Bālāji Rāo enters Bengal, 95—his route, 96-97 footnote—Alivardi's alliance with Peshwā, 98—third Maratha invasion, 100—Alivardi forsaken by Peshwa why, 102—Alivardi massacres Maratha generals, 104—Nawab's financial distress and exactions, 107—Mustafa Kh. leaves Alivardi, 111—attacks Patna, 114—is killed at Karhani, 117—fourth Maratha invasion (1745), 118—running campaign in Bihar, 121—second Afghan mutiny, 126.

v1.c4.9

CH. IV. The Eastern Provinces, 1746—1756 127—180

v1.c4.10

Alivardi's controversy with Peshwā about chauth, 127—policy and plans of Raghuji Bhonslé, 133—struggle near Medinipur, 135—Zainuddin enlists Darbhanga Afghans, 138—they murder him and seize Patna, 140—their oppression, 142—battle of Rāni-sarāi, 147—disturbed condition of Bengal, 153—Alivardi recovers Katak, 155—loses it, 158—camp at Medinipur, 159—Sirajuddaulah assaults Patna, 162—Alivardi makes peace with Marathas, 165—its terms, 166—Mir Habib murdered by Jānoji, 167—how Orissa became a Maratha province, 169—later friction between Bengal Government and Orissa Marathas, 171—English negotiate for the purchase of Orissa, 177—economic injury of Maratha raids, 179.

v1.c4.11

CH. V. The Panjab down to 1748; First invasion of Ahmad Abdali ... 181—233

v1.c4.12

Dismemberment of Mughal empire and independence of provincial governors, 181—good done by founders of dynasties, 182—lawless tribes of the Panjab, 185—suppressed by Saifuddaulah, 187—Zakariya Kh. governs the Panjab well, 189—civil war between his sons, 193—murder of Nādir Shah, 196—rise of Ahmad Abdali, 200—conquers Afghanistan 204—invades the Panjab, 207—captures Lahor, 209—Delhi Court neglects defence, 211—army sent against Abdali, 215—folly of Indian generals, 217—Abdali captures Sarhind, 219—Indian army at Mānupur, 221—wazir killed, 223—battle of Mānupur, 224—retreat of Afghans, 231—Indian pursuit, 232.

v1.c4.13

CH. VI. Malwa and Rajputana to 1741 ... 234—278

v1.c4.14

Rathor-Kachhwah rivalry dominates Rajput history, 234—moral decadence of Rajputs during fall of Mughal empire, 236—Rajputs a played out race, 238—three centres of dynastic quarrel, 239—Sawāi Jai Singh, his character, 242—Abhay S. 243—first Maratha conquest of Malwa, 245—Jai S. defeated (1733), 248—Budh S. deprived of Bundi, 250—first Maratha incursion into Rajputana (1734), 251—imperial campaign against Marathas (1735), 253—Peshwa's mother's pilgrimage, 256—Jai S. turns against Emperor, 257—Bāji Rāo visits Rajputana (1736), 261—campaign of 1736, Md. Kh. Bangash defeated, 267—Baji Rao invades N. India (1737), 270—imperial negotiations, Baji Rao's exorbitant demands, 273—Malwa ceded to Bālāji Rāo (1741), 277—terms, 278 footnote.

v1.c4.15

CH. VII. Rajputana, 1741-1751 ... ... 279—327

v1.c4.16

Battle of Gangwāna, 280—Ishwari S. versus Mādho S., 283—famine, 284—battle of Rājmahal, 286—Peshwa's policy in the Jaipur succession dispute, 289—battle of Bagru, 293—Ishwari S.'s last days, 296—suicide, 299—Mādho S.'s plots against Marathas, 302—massacre of Marathas in Jaipur city, 303—Mir Bakhshi Salābat Kh.'s campaign against Jats fails, 307—invades Rajputana, skirmish at Raonā, 311—both sides desire peace, 314—peace made, terms, 316—Bakht S. gains throne of Jodhpur, 319—Ummed S.'s struggles for Bundi, 321—gets Bundi, 325—visits Satara, 326.

v1.c4.17

CH. VIII. Ahmad Shah's reign ; events up to 1752 ... ... ... 328—374

v1.c4.18

Emperor Ahmad Shah's character, 328—Udham Bai, queen-mother, life and character, 334—eunuch Jāvid Kh.'s influence, 337—bankruptcy of central government, 343—unpaid soldiery, military impotence, 346—Safdar Jang wazir, his opponents, 347—weakness of Shia sect, 349—Nāsir Jang instigated against Safdar, 351—Safdar shot at, 353—Nāsir Jang baffled, 355—Salābat Kh., Mir Bakhshi, bankrupt, insulted by Jāvid, 356—dismissed, 358—subsidiary alliance with Marathas against Abdali, its terms, 360—nullified by Jāvid, 363—Maratha claim for costs, 365—how Jāvid bought Holkar off, 367—antagonism between Jāvid and Safdar, 368—Balu Jat, his career, 369—murder of Jāvid Kh., 372.

v1.c4.19

CH. IX. Safdar Jang's Contests with the Afghans ... ... ... 375—411

v1.c4.20

Successors of Ali Md. Ruhela, 375—Shaikh Qutbuddin attacks Ruhelas, killed, 377—Qāim Kh. Bangash sent against Ruhelas, 379—battle of Daunri, 380—Safdar Jang seizes Qaim's possessions, 383—Farrukhabad Afghans rise against wazir, 385—Naval Rai slain, 388—sack of Marhara, 390—Safdar Jang defeated at Ram Chatauni, 392—is disgraced at Court, 398—Bangash siege of Allahabad, 400—invasion of Oudh, 402—Safdar Jang and Marathas attack Afghans (1751), 404—siege of Fathgarh, 406—Ruhelas routed by Marathas, 407—war in jungle, 409—peace terms, 410.

v1.c4.21

CH. X. The Panjab, 1748—1754 ... ... 412—441

v1.c4.22

Muin-ul-mulk, governor of Lahor, 412—how opposed by Safdar Jang, 414—Nāsir Kh. set against him, 415—Shah-nawaz Kh. rises against Muin, 416—second invasion of Abdali, 418—‘four mahals’ ceded (1750), 419—Sikh rebellions, stages, 419—house of Patiala, 423—Muin’s difficulties, 424—fights Sikhs, 425—Abdali’s third invasion, 427—Muin defeated, interviews him, 433—Emperor cedes Panjab to Abdali, 435—Muin suppresses Sikhs, 436—dies, 437—Bihkari Kh. rebels, 439—Mughlani Begam’s misrule, 440.

v1.c4.23

CH. XI. Rebellion of Safdar Jang ... ... 442—505

v1.c4.24

Consequences of murder of Javid Kh., 442—Safdar Jang’s defects, 443—Intizam, character, 445—Imād-ul-mulk, character, 446—Safdar’s wrong policy, 448—creates many enemies, 449—Imad’s trickery, 454—is appd. Mir Bakhshi, 455—Safdar robs other officers, 456—offends royal family, 457—Abdali’s envoy in Delhi (1753), 461—Court plot against Safdar, 463—his men expelled Delhi fort, 466—Safdar leaves Delhi, 468—stages of the civil war, 470—causes of Safdar’s defeat, 471—Imad turns ag. Safdar, 474—attempt on his life, 477—Salābat Kh. joins Safdar and incites him to rebel, 478—Jāts plunder Old Delhi, 481—Safdar dismissed, 483—Sunni jihad against Shias, 484—Safdar’s soldiers seduced, 485—Safdar’s partisans’ houses plundered, 487—Safdar captures Kohtila of Firuz, 488—his grand assault on Delhi fails, 489—Rajendra-giri Gosain killed, cīafacter, 491—imperialists advance, 493—horrors of war, 494—mutiny in imperial army, 495—grand battle, 497—cowardice of Ahmad Sh., 498—peace made by Madho S., .502.

v1.c4.25

CH. XII. Downfall of Ahmad Shah ... 506—544

v1.c4.26

Condition of Government after Safdar’s departure, 506—heavy debt, 508—Ruhelas plunder, 510—Balu Jat killed, 511—Jats south of Delhi repressed, 513—Khande Rao Holkar near Delhi, 515—his interview with Emperor, 517—Marathas besiege Kumbher, 519—Khandé killed, 521—peace with Jats, 522—Emperor quarrels with Imad, 523—Aqibat Mahmud enters Delhi, robs, 527—battle in streets, 529—wazir's plan for alliance against Imad, 532—Ahmad Sh. goes to Sikandrabad, 534—Holkar surprises his camp, panic flight of Emperor, 537—royal family captive, 539—Maratha terror in Delhi, 542—Imad made wazir, 543—deposes Ahmad and crowns Alamgir II, 544.