Fall of the Mughal Empire v4.c60: Sources

Fall of the Mughal Empire v4.c60

Language: English

v4.c60.s1 Persian — 2 parts
v4.c60.s2 Marāthi — 6 parts
v4.c60.s3 English residency correspondence — 1 part
v4.c60.s4 New light from Marathi and Persian sources — 2 parts

Sources

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In this book an attempt has been made for the first time to use all the Persian and Marāthi narratives, despatches, and news-reports (often unprinted) relating to this period, along with the English and French materials which alone were used by my predecessors in this field of history. I have dug down to the very roots of original historical sources, namely the reports written by the actors in the scenes and the news-writers employed by them, which were absolutely contemporaneous with the events and authentic, subject only to the necessary allowances for the writers' personal prejudices.

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The despatches (some in Persian, most others for my last two volumes in Marāthi) were written by the diplomatic agents (*wakils*) kept by the different princes and nobles in the camps and courts of the other chiefs.

Persian

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The news-reports, almost always in Persian, even when sent to Marātha or English employers, were written by a class of professional scribes, called *wāqia-navis* or *akhbār-navis*, who had continued to function in India since the reign of Akbar. Even the despatches written in English or Marāthi were usually accompanied by Persian news-sheets, which were translated after arrival into the recepient's language. All the Persian letters and news-sheets received by the British Government in Calcutta (with replies to them) were entered in a register in the form of abridged English translations, of which 7 volumes, covering the years 1759—1787, have been printed by the Indian Records Office under the title of *Calendar of Persian Correspondence*. From 1782 onwards we possess a series of very long news-letters from the Delhi Court or Sindhia's camp, usually giving the events of one month and sometimes running to more than 320 lines each. An extremely valuable and almost complete collection of this last class has been recently purchased by the Bombay Government from the descendant of G. R. Kālé, the Peshwa's agent at the Nizām's Court in the 18th century.

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The largest collection of Persian news-letters of all classes, in photostat or transcript is to be found in the Raghuvir Library of Sitāmau in Malwa. Here has been brought together everything that could be copied from every known library elsewhere in the world.

Marāthi

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The Marāthi despatches (and other State papers) fall into certain well-defined groups. First, the cream of the State archives of the Peshwās has been published in 45 volumes under the title of *Selections from the Peshwas' Daftar*, edited by G. S. Sardesai. Next comes the Menāvli Daftar, or the documents sent to the Punā Government officially and to Nānā Fadnis personally, while he was the prime minister (*c.* 1780-1795). These were kept at his country-seat in Menāvli, a village in the Satara district. They fell into the hands of D. B. Parasnis, who printed most of the material in his monthly magazine the *Itihās Sangraha*, under various titles. The bulk has been sold to the Bombay Government by his heirs, and is now kept in Punā.

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Thirdly, the records of the various branches of the Patwardhan family of the South Maratha country, including a vast number of newsletters from Punā and the camps of the Peshwas' armies. These have been carefully edited and printed by V. V. Kharé and his son, in 15 volumes, covering the years 1739-1810, and named *Aitihāsik Lekh Sangraha*.

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Fourthly, the Gulgulé Daftar, or the letters received by the Gulgulé family of Maratha tribute-collectors stationed at Kotā (now known as the Sardārs of Sarola house). These have been all copied with a Devnāgari typewriter, and are invaluable for Sindhia and Holkar, about whom the Punā archives become very meagre after 1783.

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Fifthly, the records preserved by the Holkar Government, carefully edited by B. B. Thakur in 2 volumes.

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Sixthly, the papers of the Nagpur Bhonslés, first printed by Sāné and Pārasnis, and reprinted in an enlarged and carefully arranged edition by Sardesai, Kulkarni and Kālé, under the title of *Aitihāsik Patra-vyāvahār* (1933).

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In addition to these official collections, there are the old papers of many Marātha historical families, like the Purandarés, the Chandrachurs, the Hinganés, the Vaidyas, which have been published in separate sets, as well as miscellaneous collections of historical letters and other records printed in the *Kāvyetihās Sangraha* magazine, V. K. Rājwādé's *M. Itihās Sādhanen*, &c. The reader will find full details of all these records in my *House of Shivaji*.

English residency correspondence

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When the Marathi despatches run dry after 1783, the reports of the British Residents with the Peshwā, Sindhiā and Bhonslé, come to our aid. These have been edited by me (jointly with G. S. Sardesai) under the title of *Poona Residency Correspondence*, 15 volumes, with three more to be printed to complete the series to the year 1818.

New light from Marathi and Persian sources

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For Wellington's Indian campaigns in 1803, the Marāthi records cited here enable us "to see what was on the other side of the hill" as he called it; they make the great General's measures and policy understandable by supplying a full knowledge of the forces and facts that influenced each step that he took. The historian can now visit both the rival camps. The records in these two oriental languages, as well as the British Residents' despatches (of which the news portion is always a summary translation of Persian akhbārs received by them), have made it necessary to correct many statements of the current English works on the European military adventures in India, such as Francklin's George Thomas, Keene's India under the Freelances, Herbert Compton's Particular Account, and above all the French lives of De Boigne and Perron. Martineau's Le Général Perron is sadly unreliable for so modern a work by such a great authority.

Marathi &c.

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*Aiti. Patravya.*—*Aitihāsik Patra-vyavahār*, 2nd ed., by Sardesai, Kulkarni, and Kalé (1933).

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*Aiti. Patren.*—*Aitihāsik Patren Yādī Wagaire Lekh*, 2nd ed., ed. by Sardesai, Kalé and Wakaskar (1930).

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*Aiti. Tip.*—*Aitihāsik Tipné*, by D. B. Parasnis (in *Itihās Sangraha*).

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*Baroda, Historical Selections from the Baroda State Records*, 10 vols.

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*Bhāgwat.*—*Holkar-Shahi Patra-vyavahār*, ed. by A. N. Bhagat, 3 pts., and another incomplete.

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*Chandra-chur Daftar*, Vol. 1. edited by D. V. Apté (1920). Vol. 2. edited by K. B. Dongré (1934).

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*Dhār State Historical Records*, vol. 3, pt. 1, 1722-1807 (1943).

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*DY.*—*Dilli-yethil Marāthyānchin Rāj-Kāranen*, ed. by D. B. Parasnis, vols. 1, 2 and Supplement (1913-14).

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*Gulgulé*—Records of the Gulgulé family of Kotā (ms.)

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*Hingané Daftar*, vol. 1, vol. 2 edited by G. H. Kharé (1947).

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*H.P.*—*Historical Papers relating to Mahadji Sindhia*, 2nd ed., ed. by Sardesai (1937).

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*Holkarānchi Kaifiyat*, ed. by K. N. Sāné (1886).

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*Jaipur Y.*—*Jaipur-yethil Rāj-Kāranen*, ed. by D. B. Parasnis.

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*Jodh. Y.*—*Jodhpur-yethil Rāj-Kāranen*, ed. by D. B. Parasnis (1915).

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*Kharé*—*Aitihāsik Lekh Sangraha*, ed. by V. V. Kharé and Y. V. Kharé, 15 vols., up to 1810.

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*Marāthi Riyāsat*, by G. S. Sardesai, 8 vols.

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*MD.*—*Maheshwar Darbārachin Bātami-patren*, ed. by D. B. Parasnis, 2 vols. with Sup. vol. on *Holkar Darbārāntil Hinganyānchi Vakili* (1911).

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Purandarē.—Purandarē Daftar, vol. i, 1693-1761, vol. ii, 1791-1803, vol. iii, 1656-1780. Rājādhyaksha.—Jivāji Ballāl-yānchen Charitra (1907). Rajwade, V. K.—M. I. Sādhanen, 22 vols. Satara.—Historical Papers of the Sindhias of Gwalior, pub. by the Satara Historical Research Society, 2 vols. (1934 and 1940). Shindé-shāhi Itihāsānchi Sādhanen, ed. by A. B. Phalke, vol. i, 1742-67 (1929), vol. ii, 1738-1814 (1930), vol. iii, 1723-1802 (1937). S.P.D.—Selections from the Peshwas' Daftar, ed. by G. S. Sardesai, 45 vols. Thakur—Holkar-Shāhichyā Itihāsānchi Sādhanen, ed. by B. B. Thakur, 2 vols. (1944-45). Vad & others.—Selections from the Satara Raja and the Peshwas' Diaries, more than 15 vols. (including D. B. Parasnis's supplements).

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Persian.

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D.C.—Delhi Chronicle (my ms.) Mohan S.—Waqai-Holkar (my ms.)

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English &c.

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Alwar Gazetteer, by Powlett, in Gazetteer of Rajputana, vol. iii (1880). Asiatic Annual Register, annual volumes for 1799-1811. Atkinson, E.—Statistical, Descriptive, and Historical Account of the N. W. Provinces of India, 14 vols. (1874- ). Banerji, Brojendranath.—Raja Ram Mohun Roy's Mission to England (1926). Biddulph, J.—The Nineteenth and their Times (1899). Blackiston, J.—Twelve Years' Military Adventure, 2 vols. (1829). Bombay Gazetteer, ed by Sir J. Campbell, 33 vols. Broughton, T. D.—Letters from a Maratha Camp (Constables' ed., 1892). Compton, H.—A Particular Account of the European Military Adventurers of Hindustan (F. Unwin's ed.). C.P.C.—Calendar of Persian Correspondence, Govt. of India Records Office, 7 vols. (1911-1940). Delhi—Gazetteer of the Delhi District (1883). Duff, J. Grant—History of the Mahrattas, 3 vols. (1826). Elphin.—Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone, by T. E. Colebrook, 2 vols. (1884). Fortescue, Sir J.—History of the British Army, vol. v. cited. Francklin, W.—Military Memoir of George Thomas (London, 1805). Fraser, J. B.—see Skinner. Gurwood—Dispatches of the Duke of Wellington, 2nd ed. (1837). Gupta, Dr. Hari Ram—History of the Sikhs, vol. ii. Cis. Sutlej (1944).

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Heber, R.—*Narrative of Journey through . . . India*, 2nd ed. (1828). Kaye, J. W.—*Life and Correspondence of Lord Metcalfe*, 2 vols. (1854). Macveigh, J.—*Historical Records of the 78th Highlanders* (1887). Malcolm, Sir J.—*Memoir of Central India*, 2 vols. (1823). MM.—*Despatches . . . of Marquess Wellesley*, ed. by Mont. Martin, 5 vols. (1836). Pearse, H.—*Memoir of the Life . . . of Viscount Lake* (1908). Pester, J.—*War and Sport in India 1802-1806*, ed. by Devenish. PRC.—*Poona Residency Correspondence*, ed. by Jadunath Sarkar and G. S. Sardesai, 15 vols. Sardesai, G. S.—*New History of the Marathas*, 3 vols. (1846). Sarkar, Jadunath—*House of Shivaji*, 2nd ed. (1948). —*India Through the Ages*, 3rd ed. (1950). Shipp, J.—*Memoirs of the Extraordinary Military Career of*, (F. Unwin's ed.) Skinner, J.—*Military Memoir of James Skinner*, by J. B. Fraser, 2 vols. (1851). S. Owen—*Selections from the Despatches . . . Wellesley*. Sup. Des.—*See Wellington*. Teignmouth—*Memoir of John Lord Teignmouth*, by his son, 2 vols. (1843). Thompson, E.—*Life of Charles Lord Metcalfe*. Thorn, W.—*Memoir of the War in India during 1803-6* (1818). Tod, J.—*Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan*, 2 vols. Twining, T.—*Travels in India a Hundred Years Ago* (1893). Wellesley, Henry—*Diary and Correspondence of*. Wellesley, Marquess—*See MM*. ” —*Selections . . . ed. by S. Owen*. Wellington, Duke of—*See Gurwood*. —*Supplementary Despatches and Memoranda*, ed. by his son, India, vol. IV (1859). Williams—*Historical Account of the Bengal Native Infantry* (1817). Wilson, W. J.—*History of the Madras Army*, 4 vols. (1882-88).

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*French.*

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De Boigne—*Mémoire sur la Carriere de D. B.* (Chambéry, 2nd ed. 1830). —*Le Général De Boigne*, par V. St. Genis (Poitiers, 1873). Gentil, M.—*Mémoires sur l'Indoustan* (1822). Martin, F.—*Mémoires*, ed by A. Martineau, 3 vols. (Paris 1931-'34). Modave, Comte de—*Journal du Voyage du Bangala à Delhi* (Paris ms.) Perron—*Le Général Perron*, par A. Martineau (1931).

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Works of Sir J. Sarkar

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Complete in five volumes, sold separately.

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Professor Sarkar's *History of Aurangzib* is based mainly on original contemporary Persian, Marathi and European sources, viz., the Mughal State-papers, daily bulletins of the Mughal Court, the records of impartial non-official writers (such as two Persian memoirs by contemporary Hindu writers), the letters of Aurangzib, his father, brothers, sons, grandsons, officers and vassal kings, and other makers of Indian history, revenue returns &c.; also Marathi historical papers, the Assamese chronicles (*Buranjis*) and the French and Portuguese sources.

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**Vols. I & II** (in one) **Reign of Shah Jahan and War of Succession** (2nd ed.) **Rs. 5.**

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**Vol. III. Northern India during 1658-1681** (3rd ed.) **Rs. 3-8.**

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**Vol. IV. Southern India, 1644-1689** (2nd ed.) **Rs. 4.**

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Vol. V. The Last Phase, 1689-1707, Rs. 4.

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Review Opinions.

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**H. Beveridge.**—Jadunath Sarkar may be called *primus in Indis* as the user of Persian authorities for the history of India. He might also be styled the **Bengali Gibbon**, . . . . It is pleasant to think that England and its Government have had some share in producing such a man of wide knowledge and untiring industry as Jadunath . . . . All his volumes are good, and reflect the **highest credit** on their author . . . . The account of Aurangzib in the 3rd and 4th volumes is **exceptionally good**, (*History*, 1922).

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**Journal Asiatique.**—"Ce xviiie siècle mongol nous est connu per les temoignages de voyageurs éuropéens: mais les sources persanes et les documents de la chancellerie imperiale n'avaient pas été utilisés dans une étude d'ensemble. C'est le grand merite de l'auteur avoir patiemment recherché et mis a contribution toutes les informations persanes et indiennes . . . . et de nous donner une narration vivante et fidèle." (1922).

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**Vincent A. Smith.**—You are doing **first class work**. I have the highest opinion of your learning, impartiality and critical ability.

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**Sir E. D. Ross.**—"The author seems to me to have used *all* the available Persian materials and to have used them with *discrimination* and care. His manner of treating the subject might well serve as a **model to writers** dealing with other periods of Indo-Musalman history."

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**Sir W. Foster.**—"It is easily the **best authority** on the period with which it deals."

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**English Historical Review.**—"The author has been indefatigable in consulting all accessible authorities, many of which are still manuscript; while his zeal has led him to visit the sites of the more important of Aurangzib's battles. He writes *graphically* in an easy, *flowing style*." (April, 1913).

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Shivaji and his Times.

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*Awarded the Gold Medal of the Bombay Br. Royal Asiatic Society.* *4th ed. Revised and enlarged, with 4 portraits, Rs. 10.*

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Shivaji’s character and achievements, and the Maratha institutions and system of government are discussed in two long chapters (45 pages), and the lessons taught by the rise and fall of the Marathas are clearly unfolded. Critical bibliography (15 pages).

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H. Beveridge.—“All his books are good but perhaps the best of them is the Life and Times of Shivaji. It is full of research, and gives a striking picture of that great event—the birth and development of the Maratha nation.”

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Pioneer.—“Sarkar’s Shivaji is probably the only really first class piece of work in English on Maratha history published during the present century.” (19 Nov., 1922).

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V. A. Smith.—“The reputation of Professor Jadunath Sarkar as a sound critical historian . . . will be confirmed and extended by his new volume on Shivaji . . . . . . Prof. Sarkar’s bold and deliberately provocative book merits the closest study.”

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House of Shivaji

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*2nd ed. Rs. 5.*

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Contents: A new life of Malik Ambar—A full history of Shahji Bhonslé with original records in trans. (64 pages.)—Six studies on Shivaji’s career and trans. of historical letters (100 pages)—true account of his interview with Aurangzib and captivity in Agra (from Rajput mss)—Rebel prince Akbar in Maharastra—Reign of Shambhuji (orig. records)—Lives of Santaji Ghorparé, the historians Rajwadé, Sané, Kharé, and Parasnis, and Shivaji’s poet laureate Paramânand.

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Studies in Aurangzib’s Reign.

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*18 essays, 320 pages, Rs. 2-8.*

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Biography of Aurangzib, 30 pp. Daily life of Aurangzib. Education of a Mughal Prince. Nemesis of Aurangzib. Princess Zeb-un-nisa’s life. Jahanara, the Indian Antigone. A Muslim Heroine. Firingi Pirates of Chatgaon. The Mughal Conquest of Chatgaon. Shaista Khan in Bengal. History of Orissa in the 17th century. A Hindu Historian of Aurangzib. An Indian Memoir-writer of the 17th century. Industries of Aurangzib’s Empire. Aurangzib’s Letters.

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Asiatic Quarterly Review.—“A series of essays on Aurangzib and his times of the most entertaining description.”

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Indian Antiquary.—“All the essays are brightly written and several contain information not hitherto available in English.”

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V. A. Smith.—“The essays are charming.”

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In four volumes, Rs. 10 each.

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Sir J. Sarkar’s *History of Aurangzib* covers the history of the Mughal Empire from 1636 to 1707, and William Irvine’s *Later Mughals*, edited and continued by J. Sarkar, carries the narrative in full detail from 1707 to the retreat of Nadir Shah in 1739. At this point (1739) the history has been taken up in this book, which ends with Lord Lake’s capture of Delhi in 1803.

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An immense mass of materials, mostly unused by any previous writer, has been worked upon by Sir Jadunath Sarkar,—such as French records and memoirs, State papers and reports preserved in the Indian Record Office, more than 200 volumes of Marathi documents and biographies, Hindi and Rajasthani histories (in verse), besides Persian manuscripts (some of them discovered by him).

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Vol. I (1739-1754) Ahmad Shah Abdali’s rise and invasions of Panjab—Maratha raids into Bengal and conquest of Orissa and Malwa—Full history of Panjab and Rajputana—Safdar Jang’s wars with Ruhelas and rebellion.

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Vol. II (1754-1771) Abdali’s Indian campaigns—Full account of Panipat—Sindhia’s in Rajputana and against Najib—Najib-ud-daula regent of empire (1761-1770)—Rise of Jat power—Later Panjab and Rajput history.

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Vol. III (1771-1788) Maratha expansion in Delhi—downfall of Jat power—Faction fights of Emperor’s ministers—Mahadji Sindhia becomes Regent of Emperor—Lalsot campaign—Ghulam Qadir Ruhela’s atrocities and fall.

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Vol. IV (1789-1803)—Climax of Mahadji’s power—his victories at Patan, Merta, Lakheri—De Boigne and Perron (full)—Decline of Holkar house—Rise of Jaswant Holkar—How Peshwa became an English vassal—War of 1803, Generals Lake and Wellington—Contrast with British imperialism—Bibliography.

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Review Opinions.

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*Times* (London).—Sir Jadunath Sarkar has undertaken a duty of real importance. His wide scholarship, his deep knowledge, his independent judgment, admirably fit him for the task ; and his first volume (1739-1754) shows that the work when completed, will provide valuable information till now inaccessible to the English reader ; nowhere else will he find a more authoritative estimate, or more poignant detail, of the state of the country before the rise of the English Power. (17 May, 1934.)

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A Short History of Aurangzib

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This book contains nearly one-half of the material of the larger work in five volumes. Besides, a chronology, an Index, a large map and a chapter on the "Empire of Aurangzib, its extent, revenue, army, trade, and administrative system" are entirely *new additions*. The character-sketches, reflections, survey of progress, decline or fall, and generalisation,—*i.e.*, all matters pertaining to the philosophy of history—have been given almost as fully as in the larger work.

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J. R. A. S. —"The narrative is clear and orderly, the characterization of individuals is excellent, and, while the book is not short by present day standards, there is very little indeed that could be spared..... The book can be recommended with confidence to any readers who have not time or opportunity to study the author's larger work, that well known classic, *The History of Aurangzib*.

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Anecdotes of Aurangzib

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(English translation, notes, and a long life of Aurangzib) 3rd Edition, Rs. 2.

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The anecdotes, 72 in number, have been translated from a Persian work (the *Ahkam-i-Alamgiri*, ascribed to Aurangzib's favourite officer Hamid-ud-din Khan Nimcha), which no other historian has yet used.

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The work is exceedingly interesting and valuable, as it throws much new light on Aurangzib and exhibits many unknown traits of his character, his pithy sayings, and his principles of government.

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SEC. I.—Young Aurangzib's combat with an elephant. His love-affair with Hira Bai. His coolness in the battle with Shuja. His last will and testament.

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SEC. II.—Advice to his sons on the art of government. His strictness in maintaining the royal prerogatives. His suspicious watching of his sons. His strict justice. Advice to his sons about conduct and manners.

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SEC. III.—His treatment of his officers, advice to them, answers to their complaints and petitions, strict observance of official discipline. "Beware of the Sayyids of Barha!" Rise of the Nizam's father. "Ability the only qualification for office." The Emperor's activity and sense of duty. Contrast between the characters of the Indians and the Persians. Financial ruin in his last year.

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SEC. IV.—His treatment of Shias and Hindus, as illustrated by his orders.

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AHKAM-I-ALAMGIRI (Persian text) Re. 1.

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Aurangzib has been well called a *master of the sword and the pen*, and this book illustrates what a powerful, and sometimes caustic, style in the Persian language he wielded. It shows that, contrary to the popular belief, he was not devoid of humour. Printed from one unique and two fragmentary MSS.

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Mughal Administration.

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3rd Edition, Rs. 4.

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A complete treatise on the administrative system and constitution of the Mughal Empire, its theory and practice, its principles and aims, its effect on the people, the position, rights and condition of the different classes in the State, and takes a philosophical survey of the achievements of the Mughal Empire, the causes of its downfall, and its influence upon the country.

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Contents.—Characteristic features of the Mughal Government. Daily life and powers of the Emperor. Central structure, Diwan and his duties. Provincial administration. Illegal taxes, full list. The spy system. Condition of the peasants. Religious policy and ordinances. State Industries. Mughal Aristocracy. Revenue Regulations (in detail). Causes of the downfall of the Mughal Empire. Legacy of Muslim rule. Bibliography (critical and descriptive).

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India through the Ages.

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3rd ed. Rs. 2.

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A survey of the growth of Indian life and thought from the Vedic age to our own times—with a detailed study of the contributions of the Aryans, the Buddhists, the Muhammadans, and the English to the growth of Indian civilization. It tries to show how our present is only working out the legacy of our past.

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Sir E. A. Gait.—“*India Through the Ages* gives a wonderfully clear bird’s eye view of a vast subject.”

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J. R. A. S.—“The causes which led to the spread of Buddhism, and to the transition from Buddhism back to Hinduism, are clearly and interestingly sketched, so also is the brief review of the growth of English education in Bengal. Professor Sarkar writes without partiality or bias. The book gives an interesting and clearly written review of the successive factors which have contributed to the composite development of the India of the present day.”

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CHAITANYA

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3rd ed. with a portrait, Rs. 2.

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Chaitanya, (1485-1533), the greatest saint of Bengal, caused a complete moral revolution in Eastern India by preaching the creed of *bhakti* or devotion to God as incarnate in Krishna. His faith conquered Bengal, Orissa and Assam, and also established its stronghold in several other places, notably Brindaban.

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G. F. Andrews.—“**Of surpassing value** . . . . . gives the clearest picture of the Saint, and his teaching, and is **full of intense human interest from beginning to end.** . . . . . The picture drawn of the Saint is one of extraordinary beauty . . . .”

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—*Modern Review*, Oct., 1913.

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the *Gesta Romanorum*, the *Legenda Aurea* of Jacobus de Voragine, and the *Speculum Historiale* of Vincent of Beauvais. These were the books that fed the imagination of the Middle Ages, and they were the books that the Church, in its wisdom, provided for the instruction and edification of the faithful.

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But the Church did not merely provide books; it also provided the means of their dissemination. The monastic scriptoria, where monks labored in silence to copy the sacred texts, were the precursors of the printing press. And when the press finally arrived, it was the Church that first harnessed its power, using it to spread the word of God to the corners of the earth. The Gutenberg Bible, the first major book printed in Europe, was a testament to the Church's commitment to the written word.

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Yet, even as the Church championed the spread of knowledge, it also sought to control it. The *Index Librorum Prohibitorum*, or List of Prohibited Books, was a tool used by the Church to suppress ideas it deemed dangerous or heretical. This tension between the desire to educate and the need to control would define the Church's relationship with literature for centuries to come.

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It is a complex history, one that is marked by both enlightenment and suppression. But it is a history that cannot be ignored, for it is the history of the very foundation of Western civilization. The Church, in its role as the guardian of knowledge, has shaped the way we think, the way we write, and the way we understand the world around us.

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लाल बहादुर शास्त्री राष्ट्रीय प्रशासन अकादमी, पुस्तकालय Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration Library मसूरी MUSSOORIE यह पुस्तक निम्नांकित तारीख तक वापस करनी है। This book is to be returned on the date last stamped.

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अवाप्ति संख्या Acc No. वर्ग संख्या Class No. पुस्तक संख्या Book No. लेखक Author शीर्षक 954.029 Sar 2nd ed. LIBRARY 115967 V.4 LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI National Academy of Administration MUSSOORIE

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Accession No.
1. Books are issued for 15 days only but may have to be recalled earlier if urgently required.
2. An over-due charge of 25 Paise per day per volume will be charged.
3. Books may be renewed on request, at the discretion of the Librarian.
4. Periodicals, Rare and Refrence books may not be issued and may be consulted only in the Library.
5. Books lost, defaced or injured in any way shall have to be replaced or its double price shall be paid by the borrower.