[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924) › c17.2 # The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c17.2 The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c17.2 - **Language:** English ### [c17.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17.2) | date b. c. | event. | | \*\*327\*\* | \*\*The Advance.\*\* | | Early in May . | Passage of Hindū Kush mountains over the Khāwak and Kaoshān passes. | | June . . . . | From Nikaia (probably Jalālābād), Alexander with picked force proceeds to the subjugation of the mountains; Hephaistion with rest of army advancing to the Indus, probably through the valley of the Kābul river. | | August . . . | Capture of stronghold of Astes (Hasti) by Hephaistion after thirty days' siege. | | September . . | Alexander subdivides his force, advancing in person against the Aspasians; he crosses the Gouraios (Panjkora) river, captures Massaga of the Assakenians, and massacres 7,000 Indian mercenaries. | | November . . | Siege of Aornos. | | December . . | Capture of Aornos. | | \*\*326\*\* | | | January . . . | Arrival of Alexander at bridge-head at Ohind. | | January to February | Halt of army for thirty days. | | February or March | Passage of Indus 'in beginning of spring'; halt at Taxila. | | April . . . | Advance eastward. | | May . . . | Arrival at the Hydaspes (Jihlam) river. | | Beginning of July | Battle of the Hydaspes; defeat of Pōros. | | July . . . . | Foundation of Nikaia and Boukephala; passage of the Akesinēs (Chināb) river near the foot of the hills. | | August . . . | Passage of the Hydraōtes (Rāvī) river, and conflict with the Kathaeans. | | September . . | Arrival at the Hyphasis (Biās) river; refusal of army to proceed farther. | | | \*\*The Retreat.\*\* | | Sept.–October . | Retirement to the Hydaspes (Jihlam) river. | | End of October . | Commencement of voyage down the rivers, and of march of army escorting the fleet. | | \*\*325\*\* | | | January . . . | Collapse of the Mallian power. | | Till September . | Voyage continued, fighting with the Sogdoi, Sambos, Mousikanos, &c. | | Beginning of October | Departure of Alexander to march through Gedrosia. | | End of October . | Nearchos starts on voyage to the Persian Gulf. | - [Previous: c17.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17.1) - [Next: c17.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17.3) - [Up: c17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c17.2) · Pramāṇa