[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924) › c23.14 # The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c23.14 The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c23.14 - **Language:** English ### [c23.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23.14) The second cardinal doctrine inculcated and insisted on by Asoka was that of the obligation of reverence to parents, elders, and preceptors. Conversely, superiors, while receiving their due of reverence, were required to treat their inferiors, including servants, slaves, and all living creatures, with kindness and consideration.¹ As a corollary to these obligations, men were taught that the spirit which inspires reverence on the one side, and kindness on the other, should further induce them to behave with courteous decorum to relatives, ascetics, and Brahmans, and likewise to practise liberality to the same classes, as well as to friends and acquaintances. - [Previous: c23.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23.13) - [Next: c23.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23.15) - [Up: c23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c23.14) · Pramāṇa