[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924) › c9.7 # The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c9.7 The Early History of India, from 600 B.C. to the Muhammadan Conquest, including the Invasion of Alexander the Great c9.7 - **Language:** English ### [c9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9.7) The translation by Giles, which appeared at London and Shanghai in 1877, is intermediate in date between Beal's two versions; and the notes, which are largely devoted to incisive criticisms on the early work of Beal, contain little to help the reader who desires to study the pilgrim's observations from an Indian point of view. But Giles's scarce little volume is of value as an independent rendering of the difficult Chinese text by a highly qualified linguist. Certain errors in his work were corrected by Watters in his articles 'Fa-hsien and his English Translators', in the \*China Review\*, vol. viii. - [Previous: c9.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9.6) - [Next: c9.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9.8) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.smith-1924.c9.7) · Pramāṇa