[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [General history and culture](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general) › [The Greeks in Bactria and India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938) › c7 # The Greeks in Bactria and India c7: Abbreviations The Greeks in Bactria and India c7 - **Language:** English ### Abbreviations ### [c7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.1) (It has not seemed necessary to list the ordinary abbreviations of classical periodicals and collections. In general, I follow those given in the Cambridge Ancient History.) ### [c7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.2) \*ASI\* Reports of the Archaeological Survey of India. (For some years there is a preliminary volume entitled Part I, which is so cited.) ### [c7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.3) \*BEFEO\* Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. ### [c7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.4) \*Berlin SB\* Sitzungsberichte d. preuss. Akademie d. Wissenschaften zu Berlin. ### [c7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.5) \*Berthelot\* A. Berthelot, L'Asie ancienne centrale et sud-orientale, d'après Ptolémée. 1930. ### [c7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.6) \*BMC\* Catalogue of coins in the British Museum: Greek and Scythic kings of Bactria and India, by P. Gardner. 1886. ### [c7.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.7) \*BMC India\* Ditto: Coins of Ancient India, by J. Allan. 1936. ### [c7.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.8) \*BMC Parthia\* Ditto: Parthia, by W. Wroth. 1903. ### [c7.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.9) \*BMC Sel.\* Ditto: The Seleucid kings of Syria, by P. Gardner. 1878. ### [c7.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.10) \*BSOS\* Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies. ### [c7.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.11) \*CAH\* Cambridge Ancient History. ### [c7.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.12) \*CHI\* Cambridge History of India, vol. I. 1922. ### [c7.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.13) \*CII\* Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, vol. II, I: The Kharoshthi Inscriptions, with the exception of those of Açoka, by Sten Konow. 1929. ### [c7.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.14) \*Cumont, Fouilles\* Fr. Cumont, Les fouilles de Doura-Europos, 1922-3. 1926. ### [c7.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.15) \*Cunningham, Geog.\* General Sir Alexander Cunningham, Ancient Geography of India (1871), edited by S. N. Majumdar (Surendranath Majumdar Sastri). 1924. ### [c7.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.16) \*de Groot\* J. J. M. de Groot, Chinesische Urkunden zur Geschichte Asiens: zweiter Teil, Die Westlande Chinas in der vorchristlichen Zeit. 1926. (Published after the author's death by O. Franke.) ### [c7.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.17) \*de la Vallée-Poussin\* L. de la Vallée-Poussin, L'Inde aux temps des Mauryas et des barbares, Grecs, Scythes, Parthes et Yue-tchi. 1930. (Histoire du Monde, vol. VI, I.) ### [c7.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.18) \*Demiéville\* Paul Demiéville, Les versions chinoises du Milindapañha. BEFEO XXIV, 1924 (pub. 1925), p. I. ### [c7.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.19) \*Ep. Ind.\* Epigraphia Indica. ### [c7.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.20) \*Foucher\* A. Foucher, L'Art gréco-bouddhique de Gandhāra. Vol. I, 1905; vol. II, 1918 and 1922. ### [c7.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.21) \*Foucher, Afghanistan\* A. Foucher, Notes sur l'itinéraire de Hiun-Tsang en Afghanistan, in Études asiatiques publiées à l'occasion du 25e anniversaire de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, vol. I, 1925, p. 257. ### [c7.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.22) Foucher, \*Gandhāra\* A. Foucher, \*Notes sur la géographie ancienne du Gandhāra\*. 1902. (English trans. by H. Hargreaves, \*Notes on the Ancient Geography of Gandhāra\*, 1915.) ### [c7.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.23) Franke O. Franke, \*Beiträge aus chinesischen Quellen zur Kenntniss der Türkvölker und Skythen Zentralasiens\*. \*Abhandlungen d. preuss. Akad. zu Berlin\*, 1904, no. 1. ### [c7.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.24) Griffith G. T. Griffith, \*The Mercenaries of the Hellenistic World\*. 1935. ### [c7.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.25) Grousset R. Grousset, \*Histoire de l’Extrême-Orient\*, vol. I. 1929. ### [c7.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.26) Gutschmid A. von Gutschmid, \*Geschichte Irans\*. 1888. ### [c7.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.27) Herzfeld, \*Sakastan\* E. Herzfeld, \*Sakastan: Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran\*, IV, 1931–2. ### [c7.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.28) Hirth Fr. Hirth, \*The story of Chang K’ien\*. Translation of chapter 123 of the Shi-ki of Ssu-ma Ch’ien. \*JAOS\* XXXVII, 1917, p. 89. ### [c7.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.29) \*IHQ\* \*Indian Historical Quarterly\*. ### [c7.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.30) \*Ind. Ant.\* \*Indian Antiquary\*. ### [c7.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.31) Isidore Isidoros of Charax, \*Παρθικοὶ Σταθμοί\*. ### [c7.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.32) \*JA\* \*Journal Asiatique\*. ### [c7.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.33) \*JAOS\* \*Journal of the American Oriental Society\*. ### [c7.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.34) \*JASB\* \*Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal\*. ### [c7.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.35) \*JBORS\* \*Journal of the Bengal and Orissa Research Society\*. ### [c7.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.36) \*JEA\* \*Journal of Egyptian Archaeology\*. ### [c7.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.37) \*JIH\* \*Journal of Indian History\*. ### [c7.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.38) \*JRAS\* \*Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society\*. ### [c7.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.39) Lahore Cat. \*Catalogue of the coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore\*, by R. B. Whitehead, vol. I. 1914. ### [c7.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.40) Lassen Chr. Lassen, \*Indische Altertumskunde\*, 1847–61. ### [c7.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.41) Lévi, \*Quid de Graecis\* \*Quid de Graecis veterum Indorum monumenta tradiderint theseim... proponebat Sylvain Lévi\*. 1890. ### [c7.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.42) McDowell, \*Stamped objects\* R. H. McDowell, \*Stamped and inscribed objects from Seleucia on the Tigris\*. 1935. ### [c7.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.43) McDowell, \*Coins from Seleucia\* R. H. McDowell, \*Coins from Seleucia on the Tigris\*. 1935. ### [c7.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.44) \*MDP\* \*Mémoires de la Délégation en Perse\*. ### [c7.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.45) \*NC\* \*Numismatic Chronicle\*. ### [c7.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.46) \*NNM\* \*Numismatic Notes and Monographs\*. ### [c7.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.47) Otto, \*Zeit d. 6. Ptolemäers\* W. Otto, \*Zur Geschichte der Zeit des 6. Ptolemäers, Abhandlungen d. bayerischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften\*, 1934. ### [c7.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.48) Pliny C. Plinius Secundus, \*Naturalis Historia\*. ### [c7.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.49) Przyluski, \*Açoka\* J. Przyluski, \*La légende de l’empereur Açoka (Açoka-Avadāna) dans les textes Indiens et Chinois\*. 1923. ### [c7.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.50) Rhys Davids T. W. Rhys Davids, \*The Questions of King Milinda\*. Translation of the Pali text of the Milindapañha, in \*Sacred Books of the East\*, vols. XXXV, XXXVI (1890, 1894). ### [c7.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.52) Rostovtzeff, \*Seleucid Babylonia\* M. Rostovtzeff, \*Seleucid Babylonia: Bullae and Seals of Clay with Greek Inscriptions\*. Yale Classical Studies III, 1932, p. 1. ### [c7.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.53) Sav. Z. \*Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung, Romanistische Abteilung\*. ### [c7.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.54) Susemihl Fr. Susemihl, \*Geschichte der griechischen Literatur in der Alexandrinerzeit\*, 2 vols. 1891, 1892. ### [c7.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.55) Tarn, \*Hell. Civ.\*² W. W. Tarn, \*Hellenistic Civilisation\*, 2nd ed. 1930. ### [c7.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.56) Tarn, \*Military Developments\* W. W. Tarn, \*Hellenistic Military and Naval Developments\*. 1930. ### [c7.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.57) Tarn, \*SP Stud.\* W. W. Tarn, \*Seleucid-Parthian Studies\*. Proceedings of the British Academy, 1930, p. 105. ### [c7.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.58) Tscherikower V. Tscherikower, \*Die hellenistischen Städtegründungen von Alexander dem Grossen bis auf die Römerzeit\*. Philologus, Supp. Band XIX, 1, 1927. ### [c7.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.59) V. A. Smith⁴ V. A. Smith, \*Early History of India\*, 4th edition after his death by S. M. Edwardes, 1924. ### [c7.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.60) Warmington E. H. Warmington, \*The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India\*. 1928. ### [c7.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.61) Whitehead, \*NC\* R. B. Whitehead, \*Notes on Indo-Greek Numismatics\*. NC 1923, p. 294. ### [c7.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.62) Whitehead, \*NNM\* R. B. Whitehead, \*Pre-Mohammedan Coinage of North-Western India\*. NNM 13, 1922. ### [c7.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.63) Wien SB \*Sitzungsberichte d. Akad. d. Wissenschaften in Wien\*. ### [c7.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.64) Winternitz M. Winternitz, \*Geschichte der indischen Literatur\*, 3 vols. Vol. II, 1920; vol. III, 1922. ### [c7.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.65) Winternitz, Eng. trans. M. Winternitz, \*A history of Indian Literature\*, trans. by Mrs S. Ketkar, with the author's revisions. (Practically a second edition. Vol. II, 1933; vol. III not yet published.) ### [c7.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.66) Wylie A. Wylie, \*Notes on the Western Regions\*: translation of chapter 96 part 1 and chapter 61 fols. 1-6 of the Ch'ien-han-shu (Annals of the Former Han) of Pan-ku. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. X, 1881, p. 20. ### [c7.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.67) Wylie, part 2 Translation of chapter 96 part 2 of the above. \*Ib.\* vol. XI, 1881, p. 83. ### [c7.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.68) Z. \*Zeitschrift\*. ### [c7.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.69) the Roman world, and the most important events of the reign of Antoninus Pius, are related by his biographer, and the reader will not be sorry to find them here in a more concise form. The reign of Antoninus Pius is marked by the rare advantage of furnishing very few materials for history; which is only another mode of saying that its happiness was complete. During the twenty-three years of his administration, the Roman empire was governed by the same invariable maxims of justice and peace. The natives of a vast extent of country were protected by the same laws, and enjoyed the same privileges. The frontiers were defended by the same legions, and the same spirit of moderation and equity prevailed in the councils of the emperor. The death of Antoninus was lamented as a public calamity; and the memory of his virtues was preserved by the gratitude of his subjects, and the imitation of his successor. ### [c7.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.70) The reign of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, which followed, was a period of great activity and of great events. The empire was attacked on all sides by the barbarians, and the emperor was obliged to spend the greater part of his life in the camp. He was a man of a mild and philosophical temper, and he would have preferred the quiet of the study to the tumult of the field. But he was a prince of a high sense of duty, and he did not shrink from the task which was imposed upon him. He defended the frontiers with vigour, and he defeated the enemies of Rome in many a hard-fought battle. His death was a loss to the empire, and it was felt by all classes of his subjects. He was the last of the good emperors, and with him the golden age of the Roman empire may be said to have terminated. ### [c7.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.71) The character of the Roman government, under the Antonines, was that of a mild and paternal despotism. The emperor was the source of all power, and his will was the law of the land. But he was restrained by the influence of the senate, and by the force of public opinion. The senate was still a body of great dignity and importance, and its members were the principal officers of the state. The emperor was careful to consult them on all matters of importance, and he was always ready to listen to their advice. The public opinion was also a powerful check upon the actions of the emperor. The people of Rome were still a proud and independent race, and they were not afraid to express their dissatisfaction with the measures of the government. The emperor was aware of this, and he was always careful to avoid any act that would be likely to give offence to the people. ### [c7.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7.72) The administration of justice was one of the most important duties of the emperor. He was the supreme judge of the empire, and he was always ready to hear the complaints of his subjects. He was assisted by a council of jurists, who were the most learned men of the age. The laws were administered with impartiality, and the rights of the citizens were protected. The taxes were moderate, and they were collected with fairness. The public works were carried on with vigour, and the cities of the empire were adorned with magnificent buildings. The trade and commerce of the empire were encouraged, and the people were prosperous and happy. The Roman empire, under the Antonines, was a model of good government, and it was the envy of the world. --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.general.tarn-1938.c7) · Pramāṇa