[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Historical geography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography) › [The Geography of the Puranas](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966) › c16 # The Geography of the Puranas c16: Chapter III The Geography of the Purāṇas c16 - **Language:** English ### Chapter III ### [c16.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16.1) 3 Viṣṇu Purāṇa (Wilson's Tr.), p. 106-08. 4 Adapted from S. G. Burrard, and H. H. Hayden, A Sketch of the Geography and Geology of the Himalayan Mountains and Tibet (1908). 5 L. W. Lyde, The Continent of Asia (Macmillan), 1938, p. 74. 6 Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 41, 48-65. 7 Probably the Purāṇas mean 'a defile.' 8 T. H. Holdich, The Gates of India (London, 1910), p. 438. 9 Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 41, 1-47. 10 Viṣṇu Purāṇa (Wilson's Tr.), II, Ch. 1, p. 171. 11 See Chapter VII. ### [c16.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16.2) CHAPTER IV ### [c16.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16.3) 1 Sītā=Yarkand-Tarim-Hwang Ho; Chakṣu=Oxus; Bhadrasomā=Syr-Daria; Gaṅgā=Ganges. The Lakes are Karakul, Manasarovar, Victoria and Son Kul respectively. 2 Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 42 (1-81); Matsya Purāṇa, Ch. 113, 46. 3 See Vāyu Purāṇa, Chapters 43, 44, 45 and 46 respectively. 4 Chapters V to X. 5 It is to be noted that Bhīṣmaparva of the Mahābhārata gives a list of 162 rivers of Bhārata. 6 Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 43. 7 Exploration in Tibet (Calcutta University Publication, 1950), Ch. I, Part III. 8 Annual Report of the Board of Scientific Advice for India, 1904-05. 9 Burrard, ibid., p. 10. 10 The names Chakṣu and Sītā are usually applied by the Purāṇas to the Oxus and the Yārkand (Tārim) rivers as would appear in the next paragraph but they mean here the Indus and the Sutlej (Sītā-Dru). 11 Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 47. 12 The name Soma-Tsangpo is still retained by a river which rises in Nychenthangla and flows towards north. 13 Chapter VI. 14 P. Luknitsky, Soviet Tajikistan (Moscow, 1954), p. 131. ### [c16.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16.4) ¹ Vāyu Purāṇa, Ch. 43, 1-38. 2 Ibid., Ch. 44, 1-24. 3 The Zarafshan range was the traditional boundary between Sogdiana and Bactria in ancient and medieval times. 4 The Sveta or Turkestan Range even today marks the boundary between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. 5 These ranges form the boundary between Kirghiztan and Kazakhstan. 6 Matsya Purāṇa, 113, 61. 7 Ibid., 113, 31. 8 Ibid. ## Cites (3) - [Vāyupurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.vayu.1.41.48) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Matsyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.matsya.113.46) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Viṣṇupurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.visnu) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.ali-1966.c16) · Pramāṇa