The Ancient Geography of India. I. The Buddhist Period, including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang c13: Index.

The Ancient Geography of India. I. The Buddhist Period, including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang c13

Language: English

Index.

c13.1

Afghân states, 131. Afghanistan, or Opokien, 87. Agahat, or Aghat Sarai, an old city near Saukisa, 371. Ahi-chhatra, or Ahi-kshetra, the capital of N. Pânchâla, 359; identified with Adikot, or Ahi-chhatra, near Râmnagar in Rohilkhand, 360; fort restored about two hundred years ago, by Ali Muhammad Khan, 363. Ajudhan, or Pâk-pattan, an ancient city in the Panjâb, 214, 218. Ajudhya, the ancient capital of Oudh, 401. Akbar, ruins of an ancient city in the Panjâb, 212. Akrûreswara, now Aklesar, on the Narbada, opposite Bhâroch, 322. Akshay-Bat, or Tree of Prayâg, 389. Alakappo, capital of a tribe of the Vrijis, 450. Albania in Panjâb, identified with Labania or the Sanskrit Lavana (salt), 157; famous for its fighting dogs, 157. Alexander—accounts of India, collected by, 1; siege of Aornos, 62, 63; passage of the Hydaspes, 160, 169. Alexandria Opiane, 21; same as Opiân, 23; ad Caucasum, 24. Alor, capital of Upper Sindh, 257; chief city of the Musikani, 257. Amaravati, modern temple and town close to the ruins of Dharanikotta, 543.

c13.2

Ambakapi, the Amakatis of Ptolemy, in the Eastern Panjâb, 195. Amîn, or Abhimanyu-Khera, near Thânesar, 337. Amyntas, author of ‘Stathmi,’ 2. Anandapura, near Vallabhi, 493. Analwâra, or Naharwâla, 320, 322. Anarta, district in S.W. India, 6. Andhra in S. India, 527; now Telingana, 527; its people called Andaræ by Pliny, 528. Anoma, or Aumi river, to the east of Kapila, 423. Andrapana, or Drâband, 86. Aornos in Bactria, fort of the Varni, 60. Aornos, near the Indus, identified with Rânigat, 58; with Mahâban, 59; Raja Hodi’s fort, 59; same as Avaranas, 60; fort of Raja-vara, 60, 65, 67; description of, 69. Apagâ rivulet, now the Ayek R.; flows past Sângala-wâla Tiba or Sangala, 185, 209. Arabii, or Arabitæ, a barbarous people to W. of Indus, 304, 305. Arachosia, of the Chinese, 39, 60; its two capitals, 39. Arattas, or Arashtras, the same as the Arestæ, Adraistæ, or Andrestæ, 215. Arguda of Ptolemy, identified with Argandi, 38. Asarur, or Asrur, in the Panjâb, identified with the Tse-kia of Hwen Thsang, 192.

c13.3

Asi rivulet at Banâras, 436. Asthipura, near Thânesar, 336. Atâri, a ruined fort in the Panjâb, 228; identified with the Brahman city taken by Alexander, 228. Atranji-khera, on the Kâli Nadi, identified with the ancient Piloshana, 364. Attak Banâras, on the Indus, 53. Avanta, district in S. India, 6. Avantipura, in Kashmir, 95, 103. Ayek rivulet, identified with the Apagâ, 185, 209. Ayomukha, or Hayamukha on the Ganges, 387. Ayuto, on the Ganges below Kanoj, 382; identified with Kâkapur, 385; perhaps the same as Bâgud of the Tibetan books, 386.

c13.4

Babar-Khâna, or Tiger's House, part of Taxila, 112, 116. Bagarda of Ptolemy identified with Wardak, 38; perhaps the same as the Zend Vaekereta, 38. Bâgris, the people of Bâgar-des or Bikaner, 247; probably connected with the Yaudheyas or Johiyas, 247. Bâgud, or Vâgud, of the Tibetan books, identified with Ayuto, 386. Bâhikas, or Arattas, in the Panjâb, 215. Baibhâr, or Vaibhâra, mountain one of the Five Hills of Rajagriha, 463. Bairât, or Vairât, capital of Matsya, 337; 105 miles to S.W. of Delhi, and 41 miles to N. of Jaypur, 341; residence of the Five Pandus during their 12 years' exile, 340; visited by Hwen Thsang, 343; taken by Mahmûd, 344. Balabhi, or Valabhadra, a famous city and kingdom in W. India in the seventh century, 316; identified with Surashtra and the modern peninsula of Gujarât, 317; now Vamilapura, in ruins, 323. Balayas, or Bulukas, a tribe of the Vrijis, 450. Bâlnâth ka Tila, a lofty mountain to W. of Jhelam, 165; called ‘ Hill of the Sun,’ by Plutarch, 165. Banâras, or Varânasi, vulgo Benares, 435. Banu, the Falana and Pona of the Chinese, 84, 85; perhaps Banagara of Ptolemy, 86. Bappa, or Vappaka, a descendant of the Balabhi family, founded a new kingdom at Chitor, 318. Barâhmula, or Varâhamula, 99. Barbarike, or Bhambura, in Lower Sindh, 294; Barke of Justin, and Barbari of Ptolemy, 295. Baryaza, or Bhâroch, 324, 326. Bazaria, identified with Bâzâr, 65. Begrâm, near Opiân, 20; ancient remains, 21; identified with Karsana, 27; meaning of name, 29; description of plain of, 29; near Peshâwar, 79. Bhâtiya, or Bâhiya, or Pâbiya, or Pâya, a strong fortress between Multân and Alor, 256. Bhatner, fortress, 146. Bhira, or Jobnâthnagar, 155; capital of Sophites, 155. Biâs, or Byâs river, changes in its course, 222. Bihâr, or Vihâr, an ancient city of Magadha, 473. Bij Biâra, or Vijipâra, 98. Bir, or Pher mound, part of Taxila, 111. Bodhi tree at Peshawâr, 79. Bolor, or Balti, the Palolo of the Chinese, 83; country of the Byltæ of Ptolemy, 84. Brahmana, or Brahmanabad, the city of Brahmans, called Harmatelia by Diodorus, 267, 268; identified with the ruins of Bambhra-ka-thûl, 272.

c13.5

Brahmâpura, in the hills to the N.E. of Haridwar, 355 ; identified with Vairâtpattan, 355.

c13.6

Bukhepala, 159 ; may be identified with Dilâwar, according to the description of Strabo, 176, 177 ; or with Jalâlpur, according to Plutarch, 176 ; most probably Jalâlpur, 177.

c13.7

Cadrusi of Pliny, same as Cadrusia of Solinus, 31 ; identified with Koratâs, 31.

c13.8

Ceylon, 557.

c13.9

Champa, or Chamba, on the Râvi, 141.

c13.10

Champâ, now Patharghâta, on the Ganges, 477.

c13.11

Chândels of Khajurâ, 55.

c13.12

Charitrapura in Orissa, now Puri, 510.

c13.13

Chenâb River, changes in its course, 223.

c13.14

Chi-chi-to, or Jaghoti, 55.

c13.15

Chinapati, or Patti, in the Eastern Panjâb, 200 ; called Haibatpur, 201.

c13.16

Choliya, or Jorya, 545 ; now Zora, or Jora, close to Karnul, 547 ; the Sora of Ptolemy, 547.

c13.17

Clisoboras, or Carisobora of Pliny, an ancient city on the Jomanes, or Jumna, identified with Kâlikâvarta, or Vrindâvana, 375.

c13.18

Dædali Montes, or Dantaloka, 52, 66.

c13.19

Dantaloka Mount, or Montes Dædali, 52, 66.

c13.20

Dântapura, on the Godâvari, capital of Kalinga, 517.

c13.21

Dârâpur and Dilâwar, to west of Jhelam, 161.

c13.22

Dârel, to west of Indus, identified with the Chinese Thalilo and Toli, 82 ; country of the Dârds, 82 ; possessed a colossal statue of Buddha, 83.

c13.23

Debal, an ancient city in the Delta of the Indus, 297 ; situated near Lâhari-bandar, 299 ; the enchanted city of the ‘Arabian Nights,’ 300.

c13.24

Depâlpur, an ancient city in the Panjâb, 213.

c13.25

Dhamek Stupa, near Banâras, 438.

c13.26

Dhopâpapura, a famous place of pilgrimage in Oudh, 401.

c13.27

Diodorus. Size of India, 4.

c13.28

Dionysopolis, the Dinûs of Abu Rihân, 46 ; monogram of Dion on Greek coins, 46.

c13.29

Donakakotta, or Dharanikotta, 530 ; mentioned as Dhanaka-kata in cave inscriptions, 530 ; and by Hwen Thsang, 530 ; Danaka of Abu Rihân, 543.

c13.30

Drâvida, capital Kânchipura, 548.

c13.31

Drona, a measure, used for the division of Buddha’s relics, 441.

c13.32

Drishadwati river, the southern boundary of Kurukshetra, or Brahmavartta, 333.

c13.33

Dron-Sagar, at Ujain in Rohilkhand, the ancient Govisano, 359.

c13.34

Elâpura, or Elâwar, identified with Erâwal or Verâwal, or the ancient Pattan, or Pattan Somnath, 319.

c13.35

Embolima, or Ekbolima, 56, 57 ; identified with Ohind, 65, 67.

c13.36

Erannoboas, or Hiranyabâha river, the present Sôn, 453.

c13.37

Eratosthenes. Size and shape of India, 2.

c13.38

Fa-la-na, or Banu, 39, 84 ; the Po-na of Fa-Hian, 84.

c13.39

Five Divisions of India, according to the Puranas, 7 ; according to the Chinese, 10.

c13.40

Fo-li-shi-sa-tang-na, or Ortospana, 34.

c13.41

Fo-lu-sha, or Parashâwar, 47, 78.

c13.42

Gabhastimat. One of nine divisions of India, 7.

c13.43

Gândhâra, or Parashâwar, 47, 78 ;

c13.44

the Gandaritis of Strabo, Gandaræ of Ptolemy, and Kien-to-lo of Chinese, 47; its boundaries, 48. Gandharva. One of nine divisions of India, 7. Gangâdwâra, or Haridwâr, 353. Ganges, called Mahâbhadrâ, 354; the Hyparchos of Ktesias, and Hypobarus of Pliny, 355; formerly ran past Kanoj, 379. Ganjam, in east India, 513. Garjapatipura or Ghâzipur, 438. Gaya, Bauddha, in Magadha, 455; Brahm, the present city of Gaya, 458. Ghazni, the Chinese Hosina, capital of south Arachosia, 39; modern fortress, 41; identified with the Gazos of Dionysius and Nonnus, 42. Girivraja, or Kusâgârapura, the ancient capital of Magadha, 462. Girjhâk, or Jalâlpur, 162, 177; perhaps the Girivraja of the Ramayana, 164. Giryek, mountain near Bihar, 471; Indra’s Cave in it, 471; Jarasandha’s Tower on top, 471. Gorakhnâth ka Tila, or Bâlnâth-ka-Tila, or simply Tila, a lofty mountain to west of Jhelam, 164. Gor-katri, or Katri-kor, at Peshawar, 80, 81; at Rânigat, 76. Govisana, an ancient division of Rohilkhand, identified with fort of Ujain, near Kâshipur, 356. Gridhrakuta, or Vulture’s Peak, a famous mountain near Rajagriha, 466; now Sailagiri, 466. Gujarât, in the Punjâb, anciently Hairât, 179. Gurjjara, a province of western India, capital Bâlmer in seventh century, 312; identified with Western Rajputana, 313. Guzar, or Guzaristan, the Chinese Ho-sa-lo. capital of Northern Arachosia, 39; the Ozola of Ptolemy, 40.

c13.45

Hârahaura. District in north-western India, 6. Harapa, an ancient city in the Punjâb, 210; description of its ruins, 211. Haridwâra, or Haradwâra, 351. Harsha Varddhana, king of Kanoj in the seventh century, 378; established the Sri Harsha era in A.D. 607, 378; died in 648 or 650, 378; n. Appendix A. Hashtnagar, 50. Hatiâl fort, part of Taxila, 111, 113. Hayamukha, or Ayomukha, on the Ganges, perhaps the same as Daundia-khera, 387. Hiranya Parvata, now Mongir, 476. Hodi, Raja, fort opposite Attak, 58. Ho-sa-lo, or Guzar, the capital of north Arachosia, 39; the Ozola of Ptolemy, 40. Ho-si-na, or Ghazni, the capital of south Arachosia, 39. Hu-phi-na, capital, 33; same as Kophene or Kipin, 34. Hushkapura, founded by Hushka, 91, 95, 99; the Hu-se-kia-lo of the Chinese, and modern village of Uskar, 91. Hwen Thsang, a famous Chinese pilgrim, who travelled over the greater part of India between the years 629 and 644. Chronological list of places visited by him. Appendix A.

c13.46

INDIA.—Northern India, 12, 15, 17; Western, 12, 248; Central, 12, 327; Eastern, 12, 499; Southern, 12, 515; eighty kingdoms in seventh century, 13; political divisions in seventh century, 13; western boundary sometimes extended beyond the Indus, 15; size and shape, according to Patrokles, 2; Eratosthenes, 2; Pliny, 2; shape and divisions, according to Mahâbhârata, 5; nine divisions of astronomers, 5; five divisions of Purâṇas, 7; of Chinese, 10; Chinese names of India, 9; shape and dimensions of India, according to Chinese, 11; one of nine divisions of India, 7. Indra-sila-guha, a famous cave in the Giryek mountain, 471. Indus river, changes in its course, 251; ancient course past Alor, 258; delta of the Indus, 283.

c13.47

Jajhoti, the ancient name of Bundelkhand, 481; capital, Khajurâho, 481. Jajhotiya Brahmans, 482. Jâlandhara, 135, 136, 137; same as Trigarta, 137, Jarak, on the Lower Indus, 287. Jayendra Vihara, in Kashmir, 97. Jushkapura, now Zukru, 101.

c13.48

Kabul, same as Kaofu, 17, 18; Ptolemy’s Kabolitæ, 33; size of province, 37. Kabul, city, Ptolemy’s Kabura, 33. Kacha Kot, part of Taxila, 112, 115. Kachh, a large province in western India, 302; attached to Sindh in the seventh century, 302; capital, Koṭiswara, 303. Kahaon, an ancient city near the Rapti river, 433. Kahror, an old town near Multân, 241; scene of battle beween Vikramâditya and the Sakas, 241. Kaikânân, or Ki-Kiang-na, 86. Kâkupur, an ancient city below Kanoj, identified with Ayuto, 386. Kâli, or Kâlindri Nadi, flows past Kanoj in the old bed of the Ganges, 379. Kâlikâvartta, or Vrindâvana, the modern Brindâban, 375. Kalinga in south India, 515; country of Pliny’s Calingæ, 517; its capital Rajamahendri, 516. Kalyânkot, or Tughlakâbâd, great fort at Thatha, 289.

c13.49

Kâmarupa, or Assam, 500. Kamatipura, capital of Kusa-Vihâra, or west Kâmrup, 500. Kambistholi, a people of the Panjâb, 216. Kânchipura, capital of Drâvida, 548. Kanishkapura, in Kashmir, founded by Kanishka, the present Kâmpur, 95, 99. Kânkjol, near Râjmahal, 478. Kanoj, a famous city in the Gangetic Doâb, 376. Kaofu, 17, 18; same as Kophene, or Kipin, 34. Kapila, the birthplace of Buddha, 414; identified with Nagar, 415. Kapisa, or Capissa, or Caphusa, Kiapishe of Chinese, 19; perhaps the modern Kushân, 27 Kapisene, or Capisene, Kiapishe of Chinese, 18. Kâramâr hill, 71. Karisi, city of, name on coins of Eukratides, 28. Karsana, or Cartana, Kiulusapang of Chinese, 20, 26; called Tetragonis, or the square, 27, 28; monogram of name found on the coins of many Greek kings, 29. Kaserumat, one of nine divisions of India, 7. Kashmir, kingdom, its extent in the seventh century A.D., 89; valley of, 90; people of, 93; old capital of, 93. Kâsi, the ancient name of Banâras, 438. Kâsi-Banâras, 54. Katak Banâras, 54. Kauninda, district in north-east India, 6. Ketûs, or Ketâksha, 124. Khâgipura, or Khâgendrapura, vulg. Kâkapur, 98 Khajurâho, ancient capital of Jajhoti, 481. Khâka-Bamba, near Kashmir, 131.

c13.50

Kheda, or Kaira, 492. Khukhundo, an ancient city near the Rapti river, 433. Khunamusha, or Khunamoh, 98. Kien-to-lo, or Gândhâra, 47. Kirana-Suvarna, or Singhbhum, 504. Koli, an ancient city on the Rohini, near Kapila, 416; probably the same as Mokson, 417. Konkana, 552. Kophene, or Kabul, 32; same as Huphina, 34. Kos, a measure of length. Appendix B. Kosala, or Mahâkosala, in south India, 519; identified with Vidarbha, or Berar, 520. Kosâmbi, or Kosam, a famous city on the Jumna, 391. Kot Kamâlia, in the Panjâb, 208; identified with the first city of the Malii, captured by Alexander, 208. Krokola, or Karâchi, the Kolaka of Ptolemy, 306. Kshemavati, or Khemavati, the birthplace of the Buddha Krakuchanda, 419; identified with Kaküa, 419. Kukkutapada, or “Cock’s-foot Hill,” 459; now Kurkihar, near Gaya, 460. Kullu, or Kulûta, on the Biâs river, 142. Kumârika, one of the nine divisions of India, 7. Kurnkshetra, a famous place of pilgrimage around Thânesar, 332. Kusâgârapura, the old capital of Magadha, 461; also called Girivraja, 462; now Purâna Rajgir, 463. Kusapura, or Kusabhavanapura, now Sultânpur, on the Gumti river, 398. Kusâwar; or Kasur, in the eastern Panjâb, 199.

c13.51

Kusinagara, the scene of Buddha’s death, 430; identified with Kasia, 430.

c13.52

Lahor, or Lavor, near Ohind, 57; identified with Sâlâtura, 58. Lahor, the modern capital of the Panjâb, anciently Lohâwar, 197. Langala, or Lakoriân, near Kilât, 311. Lan-po, or Lamghân, 42; Sanskrit Lampaka, Ptolemy’s Lambatæ, and modern Lamghân, 43. Lâteswara, a province in west India, 321. Lauriya, an old town, with a stone-pillar, to the north of Bettiah, 448. Li, a Chinese measure of length, about one-sixth of a British mile. Appendix B. Lichhavis, a tribe of the Vrijis, 445; kings of Nepal, Tibet, and Ladâk of these race, 451. Locharna of Ptolemy, identified with Logar, 38. Lohâwar, or Lâhor, the Labokla of Ptolemy, 197; named Mahmudpur by Mahmud of Ghazni, 198. Lo-mo-in-tu river, or the Helmand, 39. Lumbini, a garden near Kapila, the scene of Buddha’s birth, 416.

c13.53

Madâwar, or Mandor, in Rohilkhand, 349. Madhyântika, or Majjhima, made colossal statue of Buddha, 83. Madra-desa, a district in the eastern Panjâb, 6, 185, 215; Sâkala its capital, 185. Magadha, district in east India, 6, 452. Mahâban mountain identified with Aornos by General Abbott, 59; description of, 61; monastery, 61. Mahâbhârata, shape of India according to, 5; five divisions of India, 5. Mahârashtra, 553. Mahâsâra, or Masâr, 440. Maheswarapura, now Mandala, or Maheshmatipura, 488. Mahoba, or Mahotsavanagara, 484, 485; capital of the Chândel Rajas, 487. Majerika, country of the Nâgas, famous for its beautiful stupa, 534; identified with the Bassaronaga of Ptolemy, 539; capital Malanga, 539. Malakuta, or Madura, 549. Malanga, capital of Bassaronaga, or Majerika, 539. Maleus, or Mallus mountain, 508; identified with Mount Mandar. Malwa, on the Mahi river, 490. Manhâbari, identified with Minnagar and Thatha, 289, 290. Mânikyâla, 121. Mansura, the Muhammadan capital of Sindh, close to Brahmanabad, 271. Mârkandeya Purâna, divisions of India, 5, 6. Massanæ, or Sodræ, or Sogdi, 253. Mathura, a famous city on the Jumna, the Modura of Ptolemy, and Methoras of Pliny, 373. Matsya Purâna, divisions of India, 5, 6. Mâyâpura, or Mâyura, near Haridwâr, 351. Megasthenes, measurements of India by, 2, 3, 4. Melane, Alexandria, founded by Alexander, now Râs Mâlân, 309. Minnagar, identified with Thatha, 289, 291. Mong, or Mung, on the Jhelam river, identified with Nikæa, the scene of Alexander's victory over Porus, 177; founded by Raja Moga, 178. Morontobara, or the Women's Haven, now called Mûâri, or Cape Monz, 307.

c13.54

Multân, 215; fort and city, 230; various names, 232; capital of the Malli where Alexander was wounded, 238; taken by Chach in seventh century, 239. Mündas, one of the aboriginal tribes of east India, 505; perhaps the same as the Murundas, 507. Musikani, a people of Upper Sindh, 257; their capital Alor, 257.

c13.55

Nagarahâra, or Jalalabad, 43; Nanggo-lo-ho-lo of the Chinese, 44; capital at Hidda, the Hi-lo of the Chinese, 44; the Nagara, or Dionysopolis of Ptolemy, 46. Nairanjan, or Lilâjan, river, 455, 457. Nâlanda, a famous monastery in Magadha, near Gaya, 468; now called Baragaon, 469. Naulibe, or Nilâb, 48. Nava-deva-kula, near Kanoj, perhaps Deokali, 382. Nava-khanda, or Nine Divisions of India, 5. Navandgarh, or Naonadgarh, an ancient fort near Bettiah, 448; earthen stupas at, 449. Nepâla, 451. Nikaia, identified with Kabul, 36; description by Nonnus, 36; on the Hydaspes, identified with Mong, 174, 177. Niphanda of Ptolemy, probably the same as Ophiana, 25. Nirankot, or Haidarabad, the ancient Patala, 279. Nürpür, or Pathâniya, 143.

c13.56

Odra, or Orissa, 510; its capital Jajipura, 512, Ohind, Oaihand, or Utakhanda, 52; identified with Embolima, 65, 67. Ophir, or Sophir, or Sauvira, 497, 561.

c13.57

Opiai of Hekæteus, 25; their royal town not identified, probably Kabul, 36. Opiân, 18, 20, 21, called Hupiân by Bâber, 21. O.po.kien, or Afghan, 41, 87. Oritæ, or Horitæ, a barbarous people to west of Indus, 304, 307. Ortospana, 18; the Sanskrit Urd-dhasthâna, 33; identified with the Bâla Hisâr of Kabul, 35. Oxykanus, or Portikanus, king of the Præsti, in upper Sindh, 259, 260; name probably derived from Ptolemy's Oskana, 262. Ozola of Ptolemy, the Ho.sa.lo of the Chinese, 40.

c13.58

Pabhi hills to east of Jhelam, 166. Padmapura, in Kashmir, the modern Pâmpur, 95, 102. Pâk-pattan, or Ajudhan, an ancient city in the Panjâb, 214. Pa.lo.lo, or Bolor, 83, 84. Palibothra, or Pâtaliputra, 2, 452. Palodheri, or Po.lu.sha, 51. Pânchâla, district in Central India, 6. Panjâb, hill-states, 130; called Tâki, or Tâkin, or Tâfan, or Tâfak, or Takishar, 150. Panjpir hill, 71, Pântasok, in Kashmir, founded by Asoka, 95. Parihâsapura, in Kashmir, 101. Paropanisus, 19. Patala, or Pitasila, the capital of Lower Sindh, 279; identified with Nirankot, or Haidarâbâd, 279; also called Pâtalpur, 281. Pathan, in Kashmir, 101. Patrokles, size and shape of India, 1, 2. Patti, or Chinapati, in the eastern Panjâb, 201; residence of Chinese hostages in time of Kanishka, 202. Paundra Varddhana, or Pubna, 480.

c13.59

Pâwâ, or Padraona, an ancient city on the Gandak river, 434. Pehoa, or Prithudaka, near Thanesar, 336. Peshâwar, or Parshâwar, 78. Peukelaotis, or Pushkalavati, 49; Peukelas Peukalei Peukolaïtis, Proklaïs, 49. Piloshana, an ancient district in the Gangetic Doâb, identified with Atranji Khera, 364. Pippalavana, or the Pippala Forest, the site of the Charcoal Tower, 429. Po.lu.sha, or Palodheri, or Pelley of Court, 51. Po-na, or Banu, 84; the Fa.la.na of Hwen Thsang, 83. Porus, camp at Mong, to east of Jhelam, 172. Præsti, a people governed by Portikanus, or Oxykanus, 259; their capital Mahorta, 260; probably the Oskana of Ptolemy, 262. Prâgbodhi mountain, in Magadha, now the Mora Pahar, 458. Prasii, the people of Magadha, or Palâsa, 454; Pharrasii of Curtius, 454. Pravarasenapura, the new capital of Kashmir, 95, 96, 97. Prayâga, or Allahabad, 388. Prithudaka, or Pehoa, near Thanesar, 336. Prithu Raja, gave name to Prithudaka, 336. Pu.lu.sha.pu.lo, or Parshâwar, 47 capital of Gândhâra, 78. Punacha, near Kashmir, 128, 129. Purânâdhisthâna, the old capital of Kashmir, 93; the present Pândre-thân, 93; possessed a tooth of Buddha, 94. Pu.se.kia.lo.fa.ti, or Pushkalavati, 50. Pushkalavati, or Peukelaotis, Puk-kalaoti, Pukkala, 49; stupa of the ‘eyes-gift,’ 51.

c13.60

Rajagriha, now Rajgir, the old capital of Magadha, 467. Rajapuri, or Rajaori, 129, 130. Râmagrâma, a famous city between Kapila and Kusinagara, 420; identified with Deokali, 421; relics removed by Nâgas to the stupa, near the Diamond Sands, 534, 536. Râmbakia, now Râmbâgh, on the Aghor river, near Hingulâj, 309. Râni-gat, or ‘Queen’s Rock,’ identified with Aornos, 60, 67; description of, 72, 73; attributed to Raja Vara, 60-77, 78. Ran-si, or Nara-Sinha, in the eastern Panjâb, 193; description of ruins, 194. Ratnagiri, one of the Five Hills of Rajagriha, 463. Râvi river, its ancient course past Multân, 221.

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Sailagiri, the famous Gridhrakuta, or ‘Vulture’s Peak,’ near Rajagriha. Sairindhas, the people of Sirindha, or Sarhind, 146. Sâkala, or Sangala in the Panjâb, now Sânglawâla Tiba, 180; Shekie-lo of Hwen Thsang, 180; description of hill and ruins, 182; Brahmanical accounts of Sâkala, 184; Buddhist accounts of Sâgal, capital of Raja Milinda, 186; subject to Raja Mihirkul, 187; classical notices of Sangala, 187. Sâketa, or Ajudhya, the ancient capital of Oudh, 401, 405. Sâlâtura, or So-lo-tu-lo, birthplace of Pânini, identified with Lahor, near Ohind, 57. Salt Range of Mountains, 157; Mons Oromenus of Pliny, and the Sanskrit Raumaka, 157. Samatata, or the Gangetic Delta, 501. Sambracæ, or Sabracæ, or Sambastæ, a people at the junction of the Panjâb rivers, 244; probably the same as the Yandheyas, or Johiya Rajputs, 245. Sankisa, or Kapitha, an old city in the Gangetic Doâb, 369. Sara-kupa, or the Arrow Fountain, 419; identified with Sarwanpur, 420. Sarana stupa, or ‘Asylum Tope,’ at Chapra in Sâran, 441. Saraswati, or Sarsuti, river, 331, 333. Sarhind, old city, 145. Satadru, province, 144. Satgarha, an ancient city in the Panjâb, 212. Sattagudai of Herodotus, the same as Thatagush of Darius, 26. Sattapanni, or Srotaparni, cave at Rajagriha, 463. Saumya, one of the Nine Divisions of India, 6. Sauvira, district in W. India, 6. Sauvira, or Sophir, 497. Savaras, or Suars, 509; the Suari of Pliny, and Sabaræ of Ptolemy, 509. Sehwân, the ancient Sindomana, 264. Shorkot, province of the Panjâb, 203; city, capital of the province, 205; perhaps Alexandria Soriane, 206. Sindh, or the valley of the Lower Indus, 248; Siro, or Upper, capital Alor, 249; Vichalo, or Middle, capital Brahmanabad, 262; Lâr, or Lower, capital Patala, 277. Sindhu, district in W. India, 6. Sindomana, or Schwân, 263; capital of Sambus, 263. Singhapura, identified with Ketâs, 124. Si-pi-to-fa-la-sse of Chinese, 26. Sîr-kap-ka-kot, part of Taxila, 111, 117. Sîr-suk-ka-kot, part of Taxila, 111, 115.

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Sobhavati-nagara, the birthplace of the Buddha Kanakamuni, 419; identified with Subhay-pursa, 419. Sodræ, or Sogdi, or Massanæ, 253; the same as the Sodha Rajputs, 254. Sonagiri, one of the Five Hills of Rajagriha, 463. Son-bhândâr, cave at Rajagriha, 463. Sophir, or Sauvira, 497, 561. Sophytes, or Sophites, or Sopeithes, king of the western Panjâb, including the Salt Range of Mountains, 157, 158. Soron, or Sukara-kshetra, an old town on the Ganges, 364. Srâvasti, in Pali Sâwatthi, or Sewet, a famous city in ancient Oudh, 407; identified with the ruins now called Sahet-Mahet, 409. Srinagari, old capital of Kashmir, 95, 96. Srughna, now Sugh, on the old Jumna, near Jagâdri, 345. Sthâneswara, or Thânesar, 328. Sudrakas, or Surakousæ, 215. Sunuriswara, the capital of Langala, 311; probably only the name of a temple, 311. Surapura, in Kashmir, the modern Sopur, 95, 99. Surâshtra, a province in W. India, now Surath, or Gujarât, 317; the same as Balabhi, 324. Swât, or Subhavastu, 81; identified with Udyâna, 81; Uchangna of the Chinese, Udyâna of Sanskrit, 81.

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Tâfan, Tâkin, Tâkishar, the same as Taki, or Takkadesa, 151. Takht-i-Bahai, ruined city, 71. Taki, city, of Asarur, 191; the Pimpraia or Alexander, 191; description of ruins, 192; the Tse-kia, or Ta-kia, of Hwen Thsang, 192.

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Tâki, province of Panjâb, the Tsekia of Hwen Thsang, 148, 154. Takkadesa of Raja Tarangini, 149; divisions and boundaries, 153. Takka-desa, or country of the Takkas, in the Panjâb, 149. Tamralipti, or Tamluk, 504. Tâmraparna, one of the Nine Divisions of India, 6. Taxila, or Takshasila, 104; of classical authors, 105; of Chinese, 108; extent of ruins, 111; extent of district, 120. Tha-li-lo, or To-li, the same as Dârel to W. of Indus, 81; country of the Dârds, 81. Thânesar, or Sthâneswara, 328. Thatha, in Lower Sindh, 288; identified with Minnagar and Manhâbari, 289. Tiladaka, or Tillâra, monastery, 455, 456. Tirabhuktis, a tribe of the Vrijis, the people of Tirhut, 445. Tsau-ku-ta, or Arachosia, 40. Tulamba, a famous fort near Multân, 224; one of the cities taken by Alexander, 226.

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Uchh, an ancient town situated at the old junction of the Panjâb rivers, 242; founded by Alexander, 243. Udâyana, Raja of Kosâmbi, or Vatsa-pattana, 392. Udayagiri, one of the five hills of Rajagriha, 463. Udyâna, or Swât; in Pali, Ujjâna, 81; Uchangna of the Chinese, 81; capital named Mangala, 82. Uhand, or Wehand, 54. Ujain, or Ujjayini, 489. Urasa, near Kashmir, Varsa Regio of Ptolemy, Ulashi of Chinese, 103. Ushkara, or Uskar, the ancient Hushkapura, 100.

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Vadari, or Eder, 494, 561.

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Vaibhâragiri, or Webhâro, or Baibhâr, one of the five hills of Rajagriha, 463. Vaidehis, a tribe of the Vrijis, 445. Vaisâli, or Besârh, an ancient city to the N. of Patna, 443. Vara, Raja, of Aornos, 60–77 ; seat of his queen on Rânigat, 60 ; his stables, 61. Varâha Mihira, Nine Divisions of India, 5, 6. Varanâ, or Barnâ Nadi, at Banâras, 435. Varânasi, or Banâras, 435. Varsa, or Urasa, 103. Vatsa-pattana, or Kosâmbi, 392. Vena Raja, cured of leprosy at Prithudaka, 336 ; founded the fort of Soron, 365.

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Vipulagiri, or Wepullo, one of the five hills of Rajagriha, 463. Visâkha, or Ajudhya, the ancient capital of Oudh, 401, 403. Vishnu Purâna, Divisions of India, 5, 6. Vriji, a district, the modern Tirhut, 445, 447 ; the people called Vrijis, or Wajjis, 445.

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Wajjis, or Vrijis, a famous people, inhabitants of Tirhut, 445. Wehand, or Ohind, 54, 56.

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Yaudheyas, a Rajput tribe in western Rajputana, 245 ; the modern Johiyas, 245. Yojana. *Appendix B.*

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TAYLOR AND CO., PRINTERS, LITTLE QUEEN STREET, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.

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the Lacedaemonians, who had been waiting for the signal, now attacked the city. The Plataeans, seeing the enemy already inside and their own men falling, and knowing nothing of the plot, were seized with panic and, thinking that the Thebans were far more numerous than they really were, surrendered at discretion. But when they discovered that the Thebans were few, they took heart and, resolving to attack them, closed the gates and fell upon them.

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The Thebans, finding themselves in a trap, began to defend themselves. Twice or thrice they repelled the attacks of the Plataeans, but when the women and slaves began to shout and throw tiles and stones from the houses, and a heavy rain began to fall, the Thebans, confused and blinded, broke and fled through the city. Most of them, not knowing the way in the darkness and rain, fell into the drains or were killed by the Plataeans, who knew the streets. The gate through which they had entered had been shut by a Plataean who had found a javelin-head and used it as a bolt, so that there was no way out. Pursued through the city, some climbed the wall and jumped down, most of them perishing; others reached the gate and, finding it shut, were cut down by the women and slaves. A small party, seeing a large building with an open door, rushed in, thinking it was a gate, and were captured.

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Meanwhile, the main body of the Thebans, who were to have arrived at daybreak to support the first party, had been delayed by the rain and the swollen river Asopus. When they heard of the disaster, they hurried to the city, intending to seize any Plataeans who might be outside the walls. The Plataeans, suspecting their intention, sent a herald to them, warning them not to harm the prisoners they had taken, and threatening to kill them if they did not withdraw from their territory. The Thebans, upon this, retired.

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The Plataeans, having thus cleared the city, collected their dead and the prisoners. The prisoners, numbering about one hundred and eighty, were executed the next day, despite a message from the Thebans claiming that they had surrendered on terms. The Plataeans denied this, asserting that they had promised to spare them only if they did not commit further acts of violence.

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Thus ended the attempt of the Thebans upon Plataea, an event which was the immediate cause of the war between Athens and the Peloponnesians. The Plataeans, having secured their city, sent a messenger to Athens with the news, and the Athenians, fearing for the safety of the Plataeans, sent a garrison to their aid and removed the women and children to Athens.