Cunningham's Ancient Geography of India c3: Contents.
Cunningham's Ancient Geography of India c3
- Language
- English
Contents.
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| | PAGE. |
| PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION | v |
| INTRODUCTION | xvii |
| 1. PIONEERS IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH | xvii |
| 2. SOURCES OF THE GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT INDIA | xxi |
| FOREIGN : | |
| (1) Classical (Hecatœus, Herodotus, Ktesias, Alexander's Historians, Megasthenes, Eratosthenes, Strabo, Pliny, Periplus, Ptolemy) | xxi |
| (2) Early Christian (Cosmas, Indicopleustes.) | xxvii |
| (3) Arabic | xxviii |
| (4) Chinese | xxix |
| 3. A CRITICAL ESTIMATE OF INDIGENOUS SOURCES | xxxiv |
| I. LITERARY SOURCES | xxxiv |
| *Vedas* | |
| *Dharmasûtras* | |
| (*Why the Punjâb was excluded from the "Land of the Aryans" of the Sûtras?*) | |
| *Manu Samhitâ* | |
| *Buddhist Literature* | |
| *Pânini and his commentators.* | |
| *Râmâyana and the Mahâbhârata.* | |
| *Purânas* | |
| *Bhuvana-kosha* | |
| *Mâhâtmyas* | |
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Geographical works in Sanskrit Works on Poetics Vâtsyâyana Sutra Râjatarangini and the Charita-Kâvyas Ordinary Literary works Kûrmavibhâga II. TRADITIONAL ... ... ... 1 III. ARCHÆOLOGICAL ... ... ... 1
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A SUMMARY BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR ... liii LIST OF WORKS ... ... ... lv ORIGINAL TITLE PAGE ... ... lvii DEDICATION ... ... ... lix PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION ... lxi
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General Description ... ... 1 (1) NORTHERN INDIA ... ... 17 (15)
1. KAOFU, or AFGHANISTAN ... 19 (17)
1. Kapisene, or Opiân ... 21 (18) Karsana, or Tetragonis, or Begram 31 (26) *Other cities of Kapisene* ... 36 (31)
2. Kophene, or Kabul ... 38 (32)
3. Arachosia or Ghazni ... 45 (39)
4. Lamghân ... 49 (42)
5. Nagarahâra, or Jalalabad ... 51 (43)
6. Gândhâra, or Parashâwar ... 54 (47) *Pushkalâvati, or Peukelaotis* ... 56 (49) *Varusha, or Paladheri* ... 60 (51) *Utakhanda, or Embolim (Ohind)* ... 61 (52) *Sâlâtura, or Lahor* ... 66 (57) *Aornos, or Rânigat* ... 67 (58) *Parashâwara, or Peshawar* ... 90 (78)
7. Udyâna, or Swât ... 93 (81)
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N B.—The figures within brackets give the page number of the original edition.
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| | | | PAGE. | |
| 8. | Bolor, or Balti | ... | 96 | (83) |
| 9. | Falana, or Banu | ... | 97 | (84) |
| 10. | Opokien, or Afghanistan (Loi, or Roh) | ... | 100 | (87) |
| II. | KASHMIR | ... | 103 | (89) |
| 1. | Kashmir (province) | ... | 104 | (90) |
| 2. | Urasa | ... | 119 | (103) |
| 3. | Taxila, or Takshasila | ... | 120 | (104) |
| | *Mânikyâla* | ... | 139 | (121) |
| 4. | Singhapura, or Ketâs | ... | 142 | (124) |
| 5. | Punacha, or Punach | ... | 147 | (128) |
| 6. | Rajapuri, or Rajaori | ... | 148 | (129) |
| | *Hill-states of the Panjâb* | ... | 149 | (130) |
| | *Jâlandhara* | ... | 156 | (136) |
| | *Champa, or Chamba* | ... | 161 | (141) |
| | *Kullu* | ... | 162 | (142) |
| | *Mandi and Sukhet* | ... | 164 | (143) |
| | *Nûrpûr, or Pathâniya* | ... | 164 | (143) |
| | *Satadru* | ... | 165 | (144) |
| II. | TAKI, OR PANJAB | ... | 170 | (148) |
| 1. | Tâki, or Northern Panjâb | ... | 177 | (154) |
| | *Jobnâthnagar, or Bhira* | ... | 177 | (155) |
| | *Bukephala, or Jalâlpur* | ... | 182 | (159) |
| | *Nikæa, or Mong* | ... | 204 | (177) |
| | *Gujarât* | ... | 205 | (179) |
| | *Sâkala, or Sangala* | ... | 206 | (179) |
| | *Tâki, or Asarur* | ... | 219 | (191) |
| | *Ran-si, or Nara-Sinha* | ... | 221 | (193) |
| | *Ambakapi, or Amakatis* | ... | 223 | (195) |
| | *Lohâwar, or Lahor* | ... | 226 | (197) |
| | *Kusâwar, or Kasur* | ... | 228 | (199) |
| | *Chinapati, or Pati* | ... | 230 | (200) |
| 2. | Shorkot, or Middle Panjâb | ... | 233 | (203) |
| | *Shorkot* | ... | 235 | (205) |
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*Kot Kamâlia* ... ... ... 238 (208) *Harapa* ... ... ... 241 (210) *Akbar* ... ... ... 243 (212) *Satgarha* ... ... ... 243 (212) *Depâlpur* ... ... ... 244 (213) *Ajudhan, or Pâkpatan* ... ... 245 (214)
3. *Multân, or Southern Panjâb* ... 251 (219) *Tulamba* ... ... ... 257 (224) *Atâri* ... ... ... 261 (228) *Multân* ... ... ... 264 (230) *Kahror* ... ... ... 277 (241) *Uchh* ... ... ... 277 (242) WESTERN INDIA ... ... ... 284 (248) I. SINDH ... ... ... 285 (248)
1. Upper Sindh. *Massanæ and Sodræ, or Sogdi* ... 290 (253) *Musikani. Alor* ... ... 294 (257) *Præsti, Portikanus, or Oxykanus* 298 (259)
2. Middle Sindh. *Sindomana, or Sehwân* ... ... 302 (263) *Brahmana, or Brahmanabad* ... 306 (267)
3. Lower Sindh, or Lar ... ... 318 (277) *Patala, or Nirankot* ... ... 320 (279) *Jarak* ... ... ... 329 (287) *Minnagar, Manhâbari, or Thatha* ... 330 (288) *Barbarike Emporium* ... ... 337 (294) *Debal Sindh, or Debal* ... ... 340 (297)
4. Kachh ... ... ... 346 (302) *Districts to the west of the Indus* ... 349 (304) *Arabii, or Arabitæ* ... ... 350 (305) *Oritæ, or Horitæ* ... ... 352 (307) II. GURJJARA ... ... ... 357 (312) III. VALABHADRA, or BALABHI ... ... 363 (316)
1. Balabhi ... ... ... 363 (316)
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| | | | PAGE. | |
| 2. | Surashtra ... | ... | 372 | (324) |
| 3. | Bhâroch, or Barygaza ... | ... | 374 | (326) |
| **CENTRAL INDIA** | ... | ... | 375 | (327) |
| 1. | Sthâneswara ... | ... | 376 | (328) |
| | *Pehoa, or Prithudaka* ... | ... | 385 | (336) |
| | *Amin* ... | ... | 386 | (337) |
| 2. | Bairât ... | ... | 387 | (337) |
| 3. | Srughna ... | ... | 395 | (345) |
| 4. | Madâwar ... | ... | 399 | (348) |
| | *Mâyâpura, or Haridwâr* ... | ... | 402 | (351) |
| 5. | Brahmapura ... | ... | 407 | (355) |
| 6. | Govisana, or Kâshipur ... | ... | 409 | (357) |
| 7. | Ahichhatra ... | ... | 412 | (359) |
| 8. | Piloshana ... | ... | 417 | (364) |
| 9. | Sankisa ... | ... | 423 | (369) |
| 10. | Mathura ... | ... | 427 | (373) |
| | *Vrindâvana* ... | ... | 429 | (375) |
| 11. | Kanoj ... | ... | 430 | (376) |
| 12. | Ayuto ... | ... | 438 | (382) |
| 13. | Hayamukha ... | ... | 443 | (387) |
| 14. | Prayâga ... | ... | 445 | (388) |
| 15. | Kosâmbi ... | ... | 448 | (391) |
| 16. | Kusapura ... | ... | 456 | (398) |
| 17. | Visâkha, Sâketa, or Ajudhya ... | ... | 459 | (401) |
| 18. | Srâvasti ... | ... | 467 | (407) |
| 19. | Kapila ... | ... | 474 | (414) |
| | *Râmagrâma* ... | ... | 482 | (420) |
| | *River Anoma* ... | ... | 485 | (423) |
| | *Pippalavana* ... | ... | 491 | (429) |
| 20. | Kusinagara ... | ... | 493 | (430) |
| | *Khukhundo, Kahaon* ... | ... | 496 | (433) |
| | *Pâwâ, or Padraona* ... | ... | 497 | (434) |
| 21. | Varânasi, or Banâras ... | ... | 499 | (435) |
| 22. | Garjjapatipura ... | ... | 502 | (438) |
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23. Vaisâli ... ... ... 507 (443)
24. Vriji ... ... ... 512 (447)
25. Nepâla ... ... ... 516 (450)
26. Magadha ... ... ... 518 (452) Bauddha Gaya ... ... 521 (455) Kukkutapada ... ... 526 (459) Kusâgârapura ... ... 528 (461) Rajagriha ... ... 535 (467) Nâlanda ... ... 536 (468) Indra-sila Guha ... ... 539 (471) Bihâr ... ... 542 (473)
27. Hiranya Parvata ... ... 545 (476)
28. Champâ ... ... ... 546 (477)
29. Kânkjol . ... ... 548 (478)
30. Paundra Varddhana ... ... 549 (480)
31. Jajhoti ... ... ... 550 (481) Mahoba ... ... 555 (485)
32. Maheswarapura ... ... 559 (488)
33. Ujain ... ... ... 560 (489)
34. Malwa ... ... ... 561 (490)
35. Kheda ... ... ... 563 (492)
36. Anandapura ... ... 565 (493)
37. Vadari, or Eder ... ... 565 (494) EASTERN INDIA ... ... 572 (499)
1. Kâmarupa ... ... 572 (500)
2. Samatata ... ... 574 (501)
3. Tâmralipti ... ... 577 (504)
4. Kirana-Suvarna ... ... 578 (504)
5. Odra, or Orissa ... ... 584 (510)
6. Ganjam ... ... 587 (513) SOUTHERN INDIA ... ... 590 (515)
1. Kalinga ... ... 590 (515)
2. Kosala ... ... 595 (519)
3. Andhra ... ... 603 (527)
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4. Donakakotta ... ... 607 (530)
5. Choliya, or Jorya ... 624 (545)
6. Drâvida ... ... 627 (548)
7. Malakuta, or Madura ... 628 (549)
8. Konkana .. ... 632 (552)
9. Maharashtra ... 633 (553) CEYLON ... ... 637 (557)
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APPENDIX.
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A. Approximate Chronology of Hwen Thsang's Travels ... 645 (563) B Measures of Distance, Yojana, Li, Krosa ... ... 654 (571) C. Correction of Error in Ptolemy's Eastern Longitudes ... 662 (577)
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NOTES ... ... ... 665 APPENDIX I (Purânic nine divisions of Greater India) ... ... ... 749 APPENDIX II (Abbreviations used in the notes) 755 INDEX ... ... ... 757 INDEX TO NOTES ... ... 767
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LIST OF MAPS &c.
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PORTRAIT OF THE AUTHOR .. Frontispiece. I. Map of INDIA, showing the Political Divisions in A.D. 629—642 ... To face original Title. II. Ancient Maps of INDIA, according to the Greeks and Indians ... ... 1
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To face page.
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III. Map of KAPISENE and KOPHENE, or Upper Kabul Valley ... ... 19
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IV. Map of GANDHARA, or Lower Kabul Valley--Map showing the position of Taxila ... 54
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V. Campaign of Alexander in the Panjâb, B. C. 327-326 ... ... 120
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VI. Travels of Hwen Thsang in the Panjâb, A. D. 631-633 ... ... 120
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VII. Alexander's Passage of the Hydaspes, and Battle with Porus, B. C. 327 ... 182
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VIII. Hill of Sangala between the Rivers Chenâb and Râvi ... ... 206
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IX. Campaign of Alexander in Sindh ... 284
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X. Travels of Hwen Thsang in N. W. India, B. C. 635-637 ... ... 375
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XI. Travels of Hwen Thsang in the Gangetic Provinces ... ... 445
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XII. Map of Gaya and Bihar, A. D. 650, showing Hwen Thsang's route ... 518
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XIII. Map of the Eastern Coast between the Rivers Godâvari and Krishna ... 603
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XIV. Ancient Indian Sites ... ... To face Index.