[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Historical geography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography) › [The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899) › c3.s1 # The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c3.s1: I.—Elisions The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c3.s1 - **Language:** English ### I.—Elisions ### [c3.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.1) Many of the aforesaid changes, which are formed by a process of contraction, may be accounted for by the application of the well-known rule of elision of the Prâkṛita grammars : the consonants \*k, g, ch, j, t, d, p, y\* and \*v\* when non-initial and not compounded are elided.¹ I give only a few illustrations :— ### [c3.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.2) ¹ \*Ayuktasyânddau kagachajatadapayavâṁ prâyalopaḥ\* (Vararuchi's Prâkṛita-prakâśa, II, 1, 2). ### [c3.s1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.3) Elision of \*k\*, as Kauśikî, Kusi ; Sûrpâraka, Supâra ; Aparântaka, Aparânta ; Sâkambharî, Sambhâr. " \*g\*, as Bhṛigu-kachchha, Bharu-kachchha, Baroach ; affix nagara, nâr, Trigartta, Tahora. " \*ch\*, as Chakshu, Akshu, Oxus ; Achiravatî, Airâvatî ; Chakshuṣmatî, Ikshumati. " \*j\*, as Bhojapâla, Bhopâl (Bhûpâl) ; Ajiravatî, Airâvatî ; Tuljabhavânî, Tulâbhavânî-nagar. " \*t\*, as Kuluta, Kulu ; Jyotirathâ, Johita ; Yayâtipura, Jâjpur. " \*d\*, as Meghanâda, Megnâ ; Arbuda, Abu ; Achchhoda-sarovara, Achchhâvat, " \*p\*, as the affix pura, ur ; Purushapura, Peshâwâr ; Gopakavana, Goa ; Gopâdri=(Gopâlâdri), Goâlior (Gwalior) ; Mâyâpura, Mayura. " \*y\*, as Ayodhyâ, Audh ; Nârâyaṇasara, Nârânsar ; Ujjayinî, Ujjainî ; Sañjayantî, Sañjân. " \*v\*, as Yavananagara, Junâgar ; Yavanapura, Jaunpur ; Karṇa-suvarṇa, Kânsoṇa. ### [c3.s1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.4) Besides the above, the following letters are often elided :— ### [c3.s1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.5) (1) Final \*a\*, as the affixes Pura, Pur ; Nagara, Nagar ; Grâma, Grâm ; sometimes initial \*a\*, as Apâpa-puri, Pâpa. (2) \*i\*, as Iriṇa, Raṇ or Runn of Cutch ; Irâvatî, Râvi ; Tâlikaṭa, Talkâḍa. (3) \*u\*, as Uḍaṇḍapura, Daṇḍapura. (4) \*th\*, as Mithilâ, Miyul. (5) \*n\*, as Pratiṣṭhâna, Pratiṣṭhâ ; Kuntalapura, Kauttalakapura ; Kuṇḍagrâma, Koṭigâm ; Kaṇṭakadvîpa, Kâṭwâ ; Baruṇa, Bârâ ; Anamâ, Aumi. ### [c3.s1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.6) (6) Non-initial m, as Ârâmanagara, Ârâ; Kumârî, Kuârî. (7) Compound r,² including ṛ, as the affix Grâma, Gâma; Gayâśirsha, Gayâsisa Varendra, Barenda; Lodhravana (Kânana), Lodhmuna; Trikaliṅga, Tiliṅga Pṛthûdaka, Pihoâ, Pehoâ. (8) l, as Mudgala-giri, Mudga-giri; Chaṭṭala, Chaṭṭa-grâma; Kolâhala, Kalhuâ. (9) The sibilants ś, sh, s, especially when compounded with another consonant, as Śâlwapura, Âlwar; Śûkarakshetra, Ukhalakshetra; Peshṭhapura, Piṭhâpur; Kâshṭhamaṇḍapa, Kâṭmaṇḍu; Pushkara, Pokhrâ; Mânasa-sarovara, Mânsaro-vara; the affixes Sṭhâna, Sthala, Sthâna becoming Thâna, Thala, Thâna, respectively; Skhalatika-parvata, Khalatika-parvat; the affix Râshṭra, Râṭ; Hastisomâ, Hâtsu; Pâraskara, Thala Pârakara. In some cases of elision of the compound sibilants the preceding vowel is lengthened. (10) h, as Varâha-kshetra, Bâramula; Hushkapura, Uskur; Hastakavapra, Astaka-vapra; Hṛishîkeśa, Rishikes; Hûṇadeśa, Undes; Praṇahîtâ, Praṇitâ. ### [c3.s1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1.7) ² Sarvatra lavarâm (Prâkṛita-Prakâśa, III, 3). ## Cites (1) - [Prākṛtaprakāśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakrit.prakrtaprakasa.3.3) — Vararuci, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.dey-1899.c3.s1) · Pramāṇa