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The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c5.s3: D

The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c5.s3

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D

c5.s3.1

Dâhala—Same as Chedi (Dr. Bühler's *Vikramâṅka-charita : Introduction*).

c5.s3.2

Ḍâkinî—Bhîma-śaṅkara at the source of the Bhîmâ, north-west of Poona (Dr. Oppert's *On the Original Inhabitants of Bhâratavarsha or India*, p. 379; Fergusson's *Cave Temples of India*, p. 367). The temple of Mahâdeva Bhîmaśaṅkara is a celebrated place of pilgrimage, and the god is one of the twelve Great Liṅgas of Mahâdeva (*Śiva P.*, Pt. I, chs. 38, 40; Fergusson's *Cave Temples of India*, p. 367). In the *Śiva Purâṇa* Ḍâkinî is said to be situated on the Western Ghats (Sahyâdri). *See Amareśvara*.

c5.s3.3

Dakshiṇa-Gaṅgâ—1. The river Goḍâvarî (*Revâ Mâhât.*, ch. 3). 2. In the *Nṛisiṃha P.*, ch. 66, the Kâverî is called the Dakshiṇa-Gaṅgâ. 3. The Narbada is called the Dakshiṇa-Gaṅgâ in the *Skanda P.*, (Revâ Khaṇḍa, ch. 4). 4. The Tuṅgabhadrâ is called the Dakshiṇa-Gaṅgâ in Bilhaṇa's *Vikramâṅkadevacharita*.

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Dakshiṇagiri—1. Dakkhiṇagiri of the *Mahâvaṃsa* (ch. xiii): its capital was Chetiya (see Chetiya-giri): Daśârṇa of Kâlidâsa is evidently a corruption of Dakshiṇa-giri. *See Daśârṇa*. 2. The kingdom of Bhopal. 3. The name of a village in Ekanâḷâ in Magadha, not yet identified; in this place Buddha delivered the *Kâśibharadvâja-Sutta*.

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Dakshiṇa-Kedâra—Baligâmi in Mysore. It contains a celebrated temple dedicated to Kedâranâtha. Baligâmi is also called Ballîpura and Balligamve (*Rice's Mysore Inscriptions*, pp. 90, 94, 102).

c5.s3.6

Dakshiṇa-Kosala—*See Kosala-Dakshiṇa*.

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Dakshiṇa-Mathurâ—Madura on the river Kṛitamâḷâ in the province of Madras (*Chaitanya-Charitâmṛita*, Madhya, ch. 9). It was also called Mathurâ and Minâkṣhî. It was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Pāṇḍya or Pāṇḍu. It is one of the 52 Pīṭhās where Satī’s eyes are said to have fallen (Bhāgavata, X. 79 and Mahāvaṃśa, ch. 7). It was called Dakshiṇa-Mathurā in contradistinction to Uttara-Mathurā or Mathurā of the United Provinces (Upham’s Rājaratnākarī). Madura was a province of the kingdom of Vijayanagar till the middle of the sixteenth century when Viśvanātha, the founder of the Nayak dynasty, became its independent ruler, and Trimula, the most powerful monarch of the line, reigned from 1623 to 1639. The great temple of Mīnākshī with its thousand-pillared hall was built by Arya Nayak in 1550.

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Dakshiṇa-Patha—The Deccan: the name was applied to that portion of the Indian Peninsula lying to the south of the Narbada. It is the Dakhinabades of the Greeks. (Matsya P., ch. 114 and Dr. Bhandarkar’s Early History of the Dekkan, Sec. I; Rājaśekhara’s Bālarāmāyaṇa, Act VI; Apte’s Rājaśekhara: his Life and Writings, p. 21). The name was originally confined to a remote settlement of the Aryans on the Upper Godāvari (Vinaya Piṭhaka, I, 195, 196; II, 298).

c5.s3.9

Dakshiṇa-Piṇākinī—Same as Pāpaghnī.

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Dakshiṇa-Prayāga—Triveṇī on the north of Hūglī in Bengal (Bṛihat-Dharma Purāṇa Pūrva Kh., ch. VI; JASB., Vol. VI, 1910, p. 613).

c5.s3.11

Dakshiṇa-Sindhu—The river Kali-Sindh, a tributary of the Chambal (Mbh., Vana P., ch. 82). It is the Sindhu of the Meghadūta (Pt. I, ch. 30).

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Dakshiṇātya—The Deccan: that part of India which lies to the south of the Vindhyā range (Rāmāyaṇa, Bāla K., ch. 13). See Mahārāshṭra.

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Dakshina-Badarikāśrama—Mailkote, twelve miles to the north of Seringapatam in Mysore, where the principal Maṭh of Rāmānuja, the founder of the Śrī sect of Vaishṇavas is situated. It is also called Yādava-giri (see Yādava-giri).

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Ḍalabhya-Āśrama—Dalmau on the Ganges in the Rai Barelli District (JASB., Vol. LXIX, p. 84).

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Ḍamalipta—A corruption of Tāmralipta: it was the capital of Sumha (Hema-kosha). See Sumha.

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Ḍamila—Same as Kerala: the Malabar coast (Akitta-Jātaka in the Jātakas, IV, 150) or South Malabar (Burnell’s South Indian Palæography, p. 51). It is the Limurike of Ptolemy which, according to Dr. Caldwell, was a mistake for Damir-ike (see McCrindle’s Ptolemy, p. 49), “ike” in Tamil meaning a country. It was near Nāga-dvīpa or Ceylon, and a Ḍamila dynasty reigned there. Dhātusena (459-477 A. D.), defeated the foreign usurpers and restored the national dynasty (Mahāvaṃśa, ch. 38; S.B.E., X: Intr. XV). This shows that Ḍamila was close to Ceylon.

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Ḍamodara—The river Dāmudā in Bengal (K. Ch.).

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Ḍaṇḍaka—Same as Ḍaṇḍakāraṇya (Brahma P., ch. 27).

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Ḍaṇḍakāraṇya—Same as Mahārāshṭra (Rāmāyaṇa, Āraṇya, ch. I, and Dr. Bhandarkar’s Early History of the Dekkan, Sec. II) including Nagpur. Rāmachandra lived here for a long time. According to the Rāmāyaṇa, it was situated between the Vindhya and the Saibala mountains: a part of it was called Janasthāna (Uttara K., ch. 81; Uttara-Rāmacharita, Act II). According to Mr. Pargiter, Ḍaṇḍakāraṇya comprised all the forests from Bundelkhand to the river Krishṇā (The Geography of Rāma’s Exile in JRAS., 1894, p. 242). Bhavabhūti places it to the west of Janasthāna (Uttara Rāmacharita, Act I).

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Ḍayapura—Same as Uḍaṇḍapura.

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Dantapura—The ancient capital of Kaliṅga (*Dāṭhadhātuvamsa*, Turnour's *Account of the Tooth-relic in Ceylon*—*JASB.*, 1837, p. 860). According to some writers, it is the same as Puri (Jagannātha) in Orissa, which, they say, was the place where Buddha's tooth was kept and afterwards removed to Ceylon. The left canine tooth of Buddha is said to have been brought and enshrined by Brahmadatta, King of Kaliṅga, shortly after the death of the former. According to the *Dāṭhāvamsa*, the tooth was taken from the funeral pile of Buddha by Khema, one of his disciples, who gave it to Brahmadatta, and was kept and worshipped in a temple at Dantapura for many generations. The tooth was taken to Pāṭaliputra in the fourth century A. D., by Guhasiva, king of Kaliṅga. The tooth is said to have worked many miracles at Pāṭaliputra to confound the Nigranthis or Jainas at whose instigation it was ordered to be taken there. Rājā Pāṇḍu got the tooth from Dantapura (*JASB.*, 1837, pp. 868, 1059.) It was brought back to Dantapura by king Guhasiva and placed in its old temple. After the death of Guhasiva in battle with the nephews of Khiradhūra, a northern king, who had attacked Dantapura for plundering the tooth, it was removed to Ceylon by his daughter Hemamālā and her husband Danta kumāra, a prince of Ujjain and sister's son of Guhasiva, in the reign of Kīttiśrī Meghavarṇa (A. D. 298-326) who guarded the relic at Anurādhāpura: see Anurādhāpura (Tennent's *Ceylon*; Turnour's *Tooth-relic of Ceylon*; *Dāṭhāvamsa* translated by Mutu Coomara Swami; and Turnour's *Dāṭhadhātuvamsa* in *JASB.*, 1837, p. 866). It is now kept at Kandy Śrīvardhanapura in the Maligawa temple. For the procession of the tooth-relic at Kandy see *Mahāvamsa*, ch. 85. It has been variously identified with Danton in the district of Midnapore and with Rājmahendri on the Godāvarī. But it is now settled that the ancient Dantapura is Puri in Orissa and this identification is confirmed by the tradition that after Kṛiṣṇa was killed by Jarā, his bones were collected and kept in a box till king Indradyumna was directed by Viṣṇu "to form the image of Jagannātha and put into its belly these bones of Kṛiṣṇa" (Garrett's *Classical Dictionary of India* under *Jagannātha*; Ward's *History of the Hindoos*, I, 206).

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Dantura—It is evidently a corruption of Dantapura: see Dantapura. (*Brihat-samhitā*, xiv, 6.)

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Darada—Dardistan, north of Kāśmīra on the upper bank of the Indus. Its capital was Daratpuri, which has been identified by Dr. Stein with Gurez (*Mārkaṇḍeya P.*, ch. 57). It was a part of the ancient country of Udyāna (see Monier Williams' *Buddhism*). Dr. Stein says "Their (Daradas') seats, which do not seem to have changed since the time of Herodotus, extend from Chitral and Yasin across the Indus regions of Gilgit, Chilas and Bunji to the Kishangangā valley in the immediate north of Kasmir" (Dr. Stein's *Rājatarangiṇī*, Vol. I, p. 47).

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Darbhavati—Dabhoi in Guzerat, thirty-eight miles north-east of Bharoch and twenty miles south-east of Baroda (Burgess's *Antiquities of Kathiawad and Kachh*, p. 218, and *Ep. Ind.*, Vol. I, p. 20). Fuhrer (*M.A.I.*) identifies Darbhavatī with Dibhai, twenty-six miles south-west of Bulandshahar. Dibhai was the Radoph of the Greeks.

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Darddura—The Nilgiri hills in the Madras Presidency (*Raghuvamsa* IV; *Brihatsamhitā*, ch. 14; *JRAS*, 1894, p. 262) In some editions of the *Raghuvamsa* it is mentioned as Darddara. Same as Durddura.

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Dartanapura—Disa on the river Banas in Guzerat (*Bṛihajjyotiṣārṇava*).

c5.s3.27

Dāru-vana—See Chamatkārapura (*Kūrma P.*, II, chs 37, 38). Same as Deva-dāru-vana. Dāru or Dārukā-vana, which contains the temple of Nāgeśa, one of the twelve Great Liṅgas of Mahādeva (*Śiva P.* I, 38) has been identified with Aundha in the Nizam's territory (*Arch. S. Lists, Nizam's Territory*, xxxi, 21, 79,) but the *Śiva P.*, (I, 56) places Dârukâ-vana close to the Western Ocean.

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Darukâ-vana—See Dâru-vana.

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Darva—The country of the Dârvas, a tribe living with the Abhisâras between the Vitastâ and the Chandrabhâgâ (*Mahâbhârata*, Vana, ch. 51 ; Dr. Stein's *Râjatarangiṇī*, Vol. I, p. 32 ; Vol. II, p. 432).

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Daryabhisâra—The whole tract of the lower and middle hills between the Vitastâ and the Chandrabhâgâ ; it included the hill-state of Râjapuri ; it was subject to Kâśmîra (Dr. Stein *Râjatarangiṇī*, I, 32). See Darva.

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Daśanagara—Same as Daśapura.

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Daśapura—Mandasor in Malwa (*Brihat-Saṃhitâ*, ch. 14 ; *Meghadûta*, Pt. I, ślk. 48). For an explanation how Daśapura was changed into Mandasor, see Dr. Fleet's note in the *Corp. Ins. Ind.*, Vol. III, p. 79. It is called Dasor by the people of the neighbouring villages.

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Daśarha—Dwarka in Guzerat (*Mbh.*, Vana P., chs. 12 and 13).

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Daśârṇa—The name means "ten forts ; *ṛiṇa* = a fort." 1. The *Mahâbhârata* mentions two countries by the name of Daśârṇa, one on the west, conquered by Nakula (Sabhâ P. ch. 32) and the other on the east, conquered by Bhîma (Sabhâ P., ch. 30). Eastern Malwa, including the kingdom of Bhopal, was Western Daśârṇa, the capital of which was Vidiśâ or Bhilsa (Dr. Bhandarkar's *History of the Dekkan*, sec. III). It is mentioned in Kâlidâsa's *Meghadûta* (Pt. I, vs. 25, 26). Its capital at the time of Asoka was Chaityagiri or Chetiyagiri Eastern Daśârṇa (the Dosarene of the *Periplus*) formed a part of the Chhattisgarh ("thirty-six forts") district in the Central Provinces (Prof. Wilson's *Vishṇu P.*, Hall's ed., Vol. II, p. 160, note 3) including the Native State of Patna (*JASB.*, 1905; pp. 7, 14). 2. The river Dasan which rises in Bhopal and falls into the Betwa (*Mârkaṇḍeya P.*, ch. 57); Garrett identifies the river with "Dhosaun" in Bundelkhand (Garrett's *Classical Dictionary*). It is the Dosaran of Ptolemy.

c5.s3.35

Dâśeraka—Malwa (see *Trikâṇḍaśesha*).

c5.s3.36

Dehali—See Indraprastha.

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Devabandara—Diu in Guzerat. In the 7th century A. D., the ancestors of the Parsis of Bombay left Persia on account of oppression and resided for some time in Diu before they finally settled in the island of Sanjan on the Western Coast of India in the early part of the 8th century A. D. (*Bomb. Gaz.*, IX, Pt. II, pp 183 *ff*; XIV, pp. 506—536; *Journal of the Bom. Br. of the R. A. S.*, I, p. 170).

c5.s3.38

Devadâruvana—Same as Daruvana, where Liṅga-worship was first established. It was situated on the Ganges near Kedar in Garwal (*Kûrma P.*, Pt. II, chs. 37, 38; *Śiva P.*, Bk. IV, ch. 13, v. 16; *Râmâyaṇa*, Kishk., ch. 43). Badarikâśrama was situated in this Vana (Ânanda Bhaṭṭa's *Ballâla-charita*, II, 7).

c5.s3.39

Devagaḍa—Same as Dhara-gaḍa.

c5.s3.40

Devagiri—1. Dowlatabad in the Nizam's territory. It is mentioned in the *Śiva P.* (*Jñâna Saṃhitâ*, ch. 58). See Mahârâshṭra and Sivalaya. 2. Part of the Aravali range 3. A hill situated near the Chambal between Ujjain and Mandasor (*Meghadûta*, Pt. I). It has been identified by Prof. Wilson with Devagara situated in the centre of the province of Malwa on the south of the Chambal.

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Devaka—Śrîpâda : Adam's Peak in Ceylon (Turnour's *Mahâvaṃśa*). See Sumaṇa-kûṭa.

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Devala—Tatta in Sindh.

c5.s3.43

Deva-parvata—Same as Devagiri (*Śiva P.*, I, 58).

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Devapattana—Same as Prabhāsa (*Epigraphia Indica*, vol. I, p. 271). According to Dr. Fleet, it is the ancient name of modern Verawal (*Corp. Ins. Ind.*, vol. III, p. 91, *Introduction*).

c5.s3.45

Devapura—Rajim on the confluence of the Mahānadī and the Pairi in the Raipur District, Central India : 24 miles south-east of the town of Raipur. It was visited by Rāmachandra (called also Rājīvalochanā, whence the name Rajim) to save his brother Śatrughna from death (*Padma P.*, Pātāla, ch. 27, vs. 58, 59). The temple of Rāmachandra contains an inscription of the eighth century A.D.

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Devarāshtra—The Maratha country : it was conquered by Samudra Gupta at about 340 A. D.

c5.s3.47

Devikā—1. The river Devā in Oudh. It is another name for the Sarajū or Gogra (*Bengal and Agra Guide and Gazetteer*, 1841, vol. II, pp. 120, 252, *map*). The southern portion of the Sarajū is called Devikā or Devā, whereas the northern portion is called Kālinadī after its junction with that river in Kumaun. But the Devikā is mentioned as a distinct river between the Gomatī (Gumti) and the Sarajū (*Kālikā P.*, ch. 23). The junction of the Gaṇḍak, (Devikā) Sarajū, and the Ganges forms the Triveṇī, where the fight between the crocodile and the elephant took place (*Varāha P.*, ch. 144 and *Mbh.*, Ādi P., ch. 29). See Viśāla-chhatra. The Sarajū now joins the Ganges at Singhi near Chapra. 2. A river in the Punjab : it appears to be an affluent of the Ravi (*Vāmana P.*, chs. 81, 84; *Mbh.*, Vana P., ch. 82; *Matsya P.*, ch. 113). This river flowed through the country of Sauvīra (*Agni P.*, ch. 200), which, according to Alberuni, was the country round Multan : see Sauvīra. It has its source in the Maināka (Sewalik) range (*Kālikā P.*, ch. 23, vs. 137, 138). It also flowed through the country of Madra (*Vishṇu-dharmottara Purāṇa*, Pt. I, ch. 167, v. 15). Mūlasthāna (Multan) was situated on the Devikā (*Skanda P.*, Prabhāsa-Kshetra-Māhāt., ch. 278). It has been identified with the river Deeg, a tributary of the Ravi on its right bank (Pargiter’s *Mārkaṇḍeya P.*, ch. 57, p. 292), and this identification appears to be confirmed by the *Vāmana P.*, chs. 84, 89; Devikoṭa—Same as Soṇitapura.

c5.s3.48

Devī-pāṭana—Forty-six miles north-east of Gonda in Oudh: it is one of the fifty-two Pīṭhas where Satī’s right arm is said to have fallen.

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Dhanakaṭaka—Dharaṇikoṭ in the Krishna or Guntur District in the Madras Presidency. It is one mile to the west of the small town of Amarāvatī (Amaraoti) and eighteen miles in a direct line to the west of Bejwada, on the south bank of the Krishṇā (Cunningham’s *Geography of Ancient India*, p. 530). Fergusson identifies it with Bejwada (*JRAS.*, 1880, p. 99), but this identification does not appear to be correct. Dhanakaṭaka or Dharaṇikoṭ is a place of considerable note from at least 200 B. C. It was the capital of that dynasty of kings who were the Andhrabhṛityas of the Purāṇas and Śātakarṇis of the inscriptions and who were popularly known as the Sātavāhanas or its corruption Śālivāhanas (*Hemachandra’s Prākṛita Grammar*), which name, however, did not belong to any particular individual. The founder of this dynasty was Simuka called variously Sindhuka, Śiśuka and Sipraka, who ascended the throne in B. C. 73 after subverting the Kanva dynasty of the Purāṇas. Though the capital of the Andhrabhṛityas was Dhanakaṭaka, which is called Dhanakaṭcheka in the Cave Inscriptions, yet the younger princes of this dynasty often reigned at Paiṭhaṇ on the Godāvarī, while the older ones reigned at Dhanakaṭaka. When the throne at the principal seat became vacant, the Paiṭhaṇ princes succeeded. Thus while Gautamîputra Sâtakarṇi, the most powerful monarch of the dynasty reigned at Dhanakaṭaka from 133 to 154 A. D., his son Puḷamâyi reigned at Paiṭhân from 130 to 154 A. D., and after his father's death at Dhanakaṭaka for four years (see Koḷala-Dakshiṇa) Gautamîputra and Puḷamâyi overthrew the Śaka king Nahapâṇa or his successor who reigned at Jîrṇanagara and after that, they defeated the Śaka king Jayadâman, son of Chashṭana, who was at first a Kshatrapa and then a Mahâkshatrapa and occupied Ujjayinî, his capital (Dr. Bhandarkar's *Early History of the Dekkan*). It possessed a university which was established by Nâgârjuna, the founder of the Mahâyâna school of Buddhism, in the first or second century A. D. (For Buddhist Universities, see Nâlandâ). Dhanakaṭaka is a corruption of Sudhanya-kaṭaka (see Havell's *Ancient and Mediæval Architecture of India*, p. 140).

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Dhanapura—Joharganj, twenty-four miles from Ghazipur.

c5.s3.51

Dhanushkoṭi-tîrtha—Same as Dhanu-tîrtha.

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Dhanu-tîrtha—On the eastern extremity of the island of Râmeśvaram in the Palks' Strait, ten or twelve miles from the temple of Râmeśvara. It was caused by Lakshmaṇa piercing the water with his bow. It is called Dhanushkoṭi Tîrtha in the *Skanda Purâṇa* (Setubandha-khaṇḍa). Cape Kory of Ptolemy, where the island of Râmeśvaram terminates, is the Sanskrit word Koṭi or Dhanuḥ-koṭi meaning the tip or corner of a bow (see McCrindle's *Ptolemy*, p. 60). Its identification with the Paumben passage is not correct.

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Dhânyavatipura—Same as Dhanakaṭaka.

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Dharagara—Dowlatabad in the Nizam's territory: the Tagara of the Greeks. It has been variously identified by various writers with Junir, Kulbarga, Kolhapur and Dharur (in Nizam's territory). See Tagara.

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Dhârânagara—Dhar in Malwa, the capital of Râjâ Bhoja. The Deogarh inscription shows that he flourished in the ninth century. For the history of Râjâ Bhoja and his ancestors, ser *Epigraphia Indica*, vol. I, p. 222; Merutuṅga Âchâryya's *Prabandhachintâmaṇi*; *JASB.*, 1861, p. 194. In his court flourished Kâlidâsa, the author of the Nalodaya, Jayadeva, the author of the drama *Prasanna Râghava* and others (*Bhoja prabandha*).

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Dharmapattana—1. Śrâvastî, or the present village of Sahet-mahet: it was the capital of North-Kośala. (*Trikaṇḍaśesha*). 2. Calicut (Sewell's *Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India*, p. 57).

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Dharmapṛishṭha—Same as Dharmâraṇya, four miles from Buddha-Gayâ.

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Dharmapura—Dharampur, north of Nasik.

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Dharmâraṇya—1. Four miles from Buddha-Gayâ in the district of Gayâ. It is the *Dharmâraṇya* of the Buddhist records, visited by numerous pilgrims (*List of Ancient Monuments in the Patna Division*, p. 64; *Garuda Purâṇa*, ch. 83; *Mbh.*, Vana, ch. 84). A temple sacred to Dharmmeśvara exists at the place. It contains the celebrated place of pilgrimage called Brahmasara (*Mbh.*, Vana, ch. 84). 2. By some it is considered to have comprised portions of the districts of Balia and Ghazipur (Dr. Führer's *MAI.*, *Padma P.*, *Svarga*, ch. 6 and *Arch. S. Rep.*, vol. XXII). See Bhrigu-âśrama. 3. Moharapura or ancient Moherakapura, fourteen miles to the north of Vindhyâchala (town) in the district of Mirzapur. Three miles to the north of Moharapura is the place where Indra performed austerities after being cursed by Gautama Rishi, the husband of Ahalyâ [*Skanda P.*, Brahma kh. (*Dharmâraṇya kh.*), 35-37]. 4. On the Himalaya, on the southern bank of the river Mandâkinî (Kûrma P., ch. 14). 5. Kaṇva-âśrama near Koṭâ in Rajputana was also called Dharmâraṇya (Mbh., Vana, ch. 82). See Kaṇva-âśrama.

c5.s3.60

Dharmodaya—The river Dâmudâ in Bengal.

c5.s3.61

Dhavalagiri—The Dhauli hill in the sub-division of Khurda in Orissa, on which one of the Edicts of Asoka is inscribed. Dhavala or Dhavalî is five miles from the Khaṇḍa-giri range which is situated four or five miles to the west of Bhuvanesvara, containing many caves of the Buddhist period. But it is difficult to ascertain how the name of Dhauli has been derived by some authorities from Dhavalî. In the last tablet of the Dhauli inscriptions, it is mentioned that "the Dubalahi tupha," or in other words, the stûpas for the Durbala or weak, were founded for undisturbed meditation. Hence the name of Dhauli appears to have been derived from Durbala or Dublâ monastery of that place. The hill, as it appears from the inscription, was situated in Tosala (see the first tablet of the inscription), and Tosala has been identified with "Tosalâḥ-Kośalâḥ" of the Brahmâṇḍa Purâṇa (ch. 49) or simply Kośala of the Bṛihat Saṃhitâ (see Examination of the Inscription at Dhauli in Cuttack by J. Prinsep in the JASB., 1838, pp. 448-452). The Girnar and Dhauli inscriptions of Asoka are identical in substance: in fact the Dhauli inscription is the duplicate of the Girnar inscription in language and alphabet (see JASB., 1838, pp. 158, 160, 219, 276-279). For the inscriptions on the Khaṇḍagiri hill, see JASB., 1837, p. 1090.

c5.s3.62

Dhundhra—Âmer, the ancient capital of Jaipur. Kuvalâśva, the great-grandfather of Nikumbha and one of the ancestors of Râmachandra of Ayodhyâ, killed the demon Dhundhu and was therefore called Dhundhumâra: the whole country of Jaipur, especially Âmer, was called Dhundhra after his name. It was included in Marudhanva (Mbh., Vana, chs. 201-203).

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Dhutapâpâ—1. Dhopâp on the Gumti, 18 miles south-east of Sultanpur in Oudh: see Dhopâp in Pt. II (Brahmâṇḍa P., ch. 49). 2. A tributary of the Ganges in Benares (Skanda P., Kaśî kh., uttara, ch. 59).

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Dipavati—The island of Divar on the north of the island of Goa, containing, at old Narvom on the bank of the Pañchagaṅgâ, the temple of Mahâdeva Sapta-Koṭîśvara established by the Sapta Ṛishis (Skanda P., Sahyâdri kh.; Ind. Ant., III, 1874, p. 194).

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Dirgha-pura—Deeg, in the territory of Bharatpur. See Thornton's Gazetteer, s. v. Deeg.

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Dramila—Most probably, it is the same as Damila (Hemchandra's Sthavirâvalicharita (Jacobi's ed.) XI, 285]. But according to Dr. Fleet, Dramila was the Drâviḍa country of the Pallavas on the east coast: Kâñchi was its capital (Bom. Gaz., vol. I, pt. II, p. 281).

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Draviḍa—Same as Drâviḍa.

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Drâviḍa—Part of the Deccan from Madras to Seringapatam and Cape Comorin: the country south of the river Pennar or rather Tripati (JRAS., 1846, p. 15). Its capital was Kâñchipura (Manu, ch. X, and Daśakumâracharita, ch. 6). It was also called Chola (Bühler's Intro. to Vikramâṅkadeva-charita, p. 27, note 7). At the time of the Mahâbhârata (Vana, 118) its northern boundary was the Godâvarî.

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Drishadvatî—The Caggar (Ghagar) which flowed through Ambala and Sirhind, now lost in the sands of Rajputana (Elphinstone and Tod, JASB., VI, p. 181). General Cunningham has identified it with the river Rakshi which flows by the south-east of Thaneswar (Arch. S. Rep., vol. XIV). It formed the southern boundary of Kurukshotra (see Kurukshetra). The Drishadvatî has been identified with the modern Chitrang, Chau-tang, or Chitang, which runs parallel to the Sarasvatî (Imperial Gazetteer of India, p. 26;

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Rapson's Ancient India, p. 51). This identification appears to be correct (JRAS., 1893, p. 58). The river flows through Phalakî-vana (Vâmana P., ch. 36).

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Dronachala—The Doonagiri mountain in Kumaun (JASB., XVII, p. 617; Devî Purâṇa, ch. 39); see Kûrmâchala.

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Dudh-gaṅgâ—The river Dauli in Garwal, a tributary of the Mandâkinî or Mandâgni.

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Durddura—Same as Darddura (Markâṇḍ. P., ch. 57).

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Durgâ—A tributary of the Sâbarmatî in Gujarat (Padma P., uttara, ch. 60; Brahmâṇḍa P., ch. 49).

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Durjayaliṅga—Darjeeling, which contains a temple of the Mahâdeva called Durjaya-Liṅga. Darjiling is a corruption of Durjayaliṅga. But some derive the name from Dorjeling, a cave of the mystic thunderbolt or "Dorje" on Observatory Hill (Dr. Waddell's Among the Himalayas, p. 50).

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Durjjayâ—Same as Maṇimatipuri (Mbh., Vana, ch, 96: Nîlakaṇṭha's commentary).

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Durvâsâ-âśrama—1. The hermitage of Ṛishi Durvâsâ is pointed out on the highest peak of a hill called the Khalli Pâhâḍ (Khaḍi Pâhâḍ : Martin's Eastern India, vol. II, p. 167), a limestone rock which is worked for chalk. It is two miles to the north of Colgong (Kahalgâon or Kalahagrâma from the pugnacious character of the Ṛishi) in the district of Bhagalpur and two miles to the south of Pâtharghâṭâ, the name of a spur of the Colgong range jutting into the Ganges, about twenty-five miles from Bhagalpur. The Pâtharghâṭâ hill (ancient Śilâ-saṅgama or properly speaking Bikramasilâ Saṅghârâma) contains seven rock-cut caves of a very ancient date with niches for the images of the deities, referred to by Hiuen Tsiang when he visited Champa in the seventh century. Figures of the Buddhist period are scattered in the court-yard of the temple of Bâtesvaranâtha Mahâdeva just by the side of one of the caves. A flight of stone steps leads from the Ganges to the temple on the hill (JASB., 1909, p. 10. See Colgong in pt. II. 2. Durvâsâ's hermitage was also at Dubâur, in the hills, seven miles north-east of Rajauli, in the sub-division of Nowadah in the district of Gayâ (Grierson's Notes on the District of Gaya).

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Dvaipâyana-hrada—Same as Râma-hrada. The lake was called Dvaipâyana-hrada on account of an island in its middle: this island contained a sacred well called Chandrakûpa which was visited by pilgrims from all parts of India at the time of the eclipse of the moon.

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Dvaita-vana—Deoband, about fifty miles to the north of Mirat in the Saharanpur district, United Provinces, 2½ miles to the west of the east Kâli-nadî and about 16 miles from Muzaffarnagar, where Yudhishṭhira retired with his brothers after the loss of his kingdom at the gaming table (Mahâbhârata, Vana, ch. 24; Calcutta Review, 1877, p. 78, note). Half a mile from the town is a small lake called Devî Kuṇḍa, the banks of which are covered with temples, ghâṭs and Sati monuments, much frequented by pilgrims (Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. IV). Dvaita-vana is the birth-place of Jaimini, the founder of the Mîmâmsâ school of philosophy.

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Dvârakâ—Same as Dvârikesvarî.

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Dvârâsamudra—Hullabid, the capital of Mysore in the twelfth century.

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Dvâravatî—1. Dwarka in Gujarat. Krishna made it his capital after his flight from Mathurâ when he was harassed by Jarâsindhu, king of Magadha. 2. Siam (Phayre). According to Dr. Takakusu, Dvâravatî represents Ayuthya (or Ayudhya) the ancient capital of Siam (Introduction to Itsing's Record of the Buddhist Religion, p. 11). 3. Dora-samudra or modern Halebid in the Hassan district of Mysore: see Chera (Rice's Mysore and Coorg, II, 17, 18).

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Dvarikâ—1. Dwarka in Gujarat. Same as Dvârâvatî. It is said to have been destroyed by the ocean just after the ascent of Śrî-Kṛiṣhṇa to heaven. It contains the temple of Nâgeśa, one of the twelve Great Liṅgas of Mahâdeva (see Amareśvara). 2. The capital of Kamboja (Rhys Davids' Buddhist India, p. 28).

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Dvârikeśvarî—The river Dalkisor near Bishnupur in Bengal, one of the branches of the Rupnârâyaṇa (K. ch.).

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