Historical Geography of Ancient India c11: Index
Historical Geography of Ancient India c11
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Index
c11.1
Abastanoi, 61 Abu, 19, 323 Aciravatī, 61 Acyutapuram, 138 Adeisathron, 21 Adhirājamangalliyapuram, 142 Adhirājendravaḷanāḍu, 138 Adraisti, 63 Agaiyāru, 138 Agaru, 63 Agastya-āśrama, 274 Agastya-malai, 138 Agrohā, 63 Ahicchatra, 26, 63 Aimbuṇḍi, 138 Airāvaṭṭa, 138 Ajantā, 21, 27, 64, 138 Ajaya, 203 Ajayagadh, 64, 303 Ajātasattu, 46, 49 Ajitavatī, 32 Ajudhan, 64 Alakanandā, 31, 64 Aḷanāḍu, 139 Alasanda, 65 Alberunī, 6, 29 Alexander, 4 Allakappa, 203 Amarakaṇṭaka, 303 Amarakuṇḍa, 139 Amaranātha, 65 Amarāvatī, 38, 139 Ambapālī, 48 Ambaṣṭha, 61, 65 Ambattūr-nāḍu, 139 Ambavana, 203 Ambāsamudram, 139 Amdhāpatiya, 139 Ammalapuṇḍi, 140 Anadutpālācala, 140 Anamalai, 140 Anantapura, 38, 140 Andhavana, 65 Andhramaṇḍala, 140 Andhraviṣaya, 140 Anga, 42, 43, 44, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208 Angarāyankuppam, 141 Aṅgāra, 141 Añjanagiri, 65 Añjanavana, 40, 65, 209 Añjanavatī, 304 Annadevavaram, 141 Annamalai, 21 Annavaram, 141 Anomā, 65 Anotatta, 31, 39, 61, 65 Aṇsumati, 66 Antaragiri, 21, 209 Antaravedi, 66, 141 Antialcidas, 338 Antri, 304 Anupiya-Ambavana, 66
c11.2
Apara-Gayā, 209 Aparānta, 12, 13 Apava-Vasiṣṭha-āśrama, 66 Aphsad, 209 Apollonius, 130 Aragiyasorapuram, 141 Arail, 66 Araiśūr, 141 Arakatapura, 141 Araśil, 141 Aravalli, 19, 304 Arbuda, 19, 304 Arbudādri, 323 Ariake, 13 Arikameḍu, 141 Ariṭṭhapura, 66 Arrian, 4 Arthūṇā, 304 Arugūr, 141 Arumadal, 141 Aruṇācala, 22, 66 Asaka, 141 Aśirgaḍh, 304 Asitañjana-nagara, 66 Aśmaka (Assaka), 4, 42, 51, 142 Asni, 66 Aśoka, 66, 308, 339 Aśokārāma, 209 Aspasian territory, 66 Assakenoi, 5 Astakenoi, 5 Aṣṭāpada, 67 Atri-āśrama, 142 Attili, 142 Audumbara, 67 Avantī, 42, 52, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 Ayodhyā, 67, 68, 69, 142 Ayomukha, 69 Ayyampalayam, 142 Abhīra-deśa, 275, 276 Ālampuṇḍi, 142 Ālappakkam, 142 Ālavī, 69, 210 Ālūr, 142 Āmragarttikā, 210 Āmūr, 143 Āmūrkoṭṭam, 143 Ānaimalai 143 Ānandapura, 309 Ānandūru, 143 Ānartta, 276 Āndhra, 143 Ānnadevavaram, 143 Āpayā, 31, 69 Āraṇaghāṭa, 210 Āriyālkhāl, 33, 210 Āsuvulaparru, 143 Ātavikarājyas, 276 Ātreyi, 210
c11.3
Badakhimedi, 143 Badari, 69
c11.4
Badarikārāma, 69 Badarikāśrama, 69 Baḍkāmtā, 210 Badrināth, 17, 70 Baidyanātha, 211 Balabalabhi, 211 Bamhani, 309 Baṅgavāḍi, 143 Bansi, 211 Banskhera, 70 Barabar hill, 211 Barai, 309 Baranārk, 212 Barantapura, 212 Barākar, 212 Barbarika, 70 Bargaon, 309 Barṇāla, 309 Barṇāsā, 310 Barygaza, 5, 332 Basārh, 212 Basinikoṇḍa, 143 Bastar, 21 Baṭeśvar, 70 Bavāji Hill, 143 Bādāmi, 143 Bāgh, 27, 309 Bāghelkhand, 310 Bāgmati, 32, 70, 71 Bāhudā, 28, 70 Bāhumati, 28, 32, 70 Bāhūr, 143 Bāli, 310 Bāṅgarh, 212 Bāripādā, 212 Bāsim, 310 Belkhara, 71 Beḷuguḷa, 143 Beṇṇakaṭa, 310 Besnagar, 338 Bhadrakasat, 277 Bhadraśilā, 71 Bhainsrorgarh, 310 Bharadvāja-āśrama, 71 Bharaṇipāḍu, 144 Bharga, 71 Bharukaccha, 277 Bhābrū, 311 Bhāgirathi, 33, 144, 212 Bhāja, 27, 279 Bhāṇḍak, 311 Bhāskarakṣetra, 71, 144 Bheraghāṭ, 311 Bhesakaḷāvana, 71 Bhethiśṛṅga, 144 Bhillemāla, 311 Bhilsā, 311, 332 Bhīmarathi, 144 Bhīmā, 38 Bhinmāl, 311 Bhītargaon, 71 Bhītā, 72 Bhogavadhana, 144 Bhojakaṭa, 144 Bhojakaṭapura, 144 Bhṛgu-āśrama, 72 Bhuvanēśvara, 145 Bijapur, 311 Bijayagaḍh, 312
c11.5
Bijholi, 312 Bijolia, 312 Bilsad, 72 Bimbisāra, 48 Birajākṣetra, 146 Bithur, 72 Bobbili, 146 Bodh-Gayā, 213 Bommehāḷu, 146 Bonthikavāṭaka, 312 Brahmagiri, 146 Brahmapura, 72 Brahmaputra, 34, 213 Brāhmaṇābād, 280 Brāhmaṇī, 37, 214 Buri-Gaṇḍak, 72
c11.6
Cambay, 36 Cammak, 312 Campā, 32, 44, 214 Campāpuri, 205, 214 Caṇḍaka, 146 Caṇḍanapurī, 146 Caṇḍapahā, 72 Caṇḍāura, 146 Caṇḍrabhāgā, 29, 72 Caṇḍradvipa, 215 Caṇḍragiri, 146 Caṇḍranātha, 215 Caṇḍraprabhānātha, 125 Caṇḍrapura, 312 Caṇḍrapuri, 125 Caṇḍravalli, 146 Caṇḍrāvatī, 73, 312 Carmanvatī, 35, 312 Cauḍuar, 146 Cārāla, 146 Cāvala, 73 Cebrolu, 146 Cedi (Ceṭi), 42, 43, 49, 312, 313 Ceḷḷūr, 147 Ceḷḷūru, 147 Cendalur, 147 Cera, 147 Cerām, 147 Cerupūru, 147 Cevūru, 147 Chamba, 73 Chambal, 35 Chatarpur, 73 Chattisgarh, 313 Chilka Lake, 40 Chinnamastā, 215 Choti Deori, 313 Ciḍāmbaram, 147 Ciḍīvalasa, 147 Cikmagalur, 147 Cīna, 73 Ciñcāpalli, 313 Cingleput, 147 Cirāpalli, 147 Cirwā, 313 Citang (Citraṅg), 31 Citorgarh, 313 Citrakūṭa, 20, 73, 313, 314 Ciṭṭāmūr, 148 Coḷa, 148 Coḷair lake, 40 Coḷeroon, 148
c11.7
Conjeevaram, 148 Cophes, 10 Cranganore, 149 Cukṣa, 74
c11.8
Dadigamaṇḍala, 149 Daḍigavāḍi, 149 Dakṣiṇa Jhārakhaṇḍa, 149 Dakṣiṇāpatha, 12, 14 Dalmau, 74 Damiḷa, 14, 149 Damis, 130 Damoh, 314 Daṇḍabhukti, 215 Daṇḍakavana, 41 Daṇḍakāraṇya, 41, 280 Daṇḍapalle, 149 Daṇḍin, 341 Dantapura, 149 Darius, 8 Darvābhisāra, 74 Daśapura, 280, 281 Daśārṇa, 314, 336 Davāka, 216 Davālā, 74 Davāṇigrāma, 315 Dāmal, 153 Dāmodara, 216 Dāmra, 34 Deogarh, 315 Deoliā, 74 Deoriā, 74 Depālpura, 64 Deulavāḍā, 315 Deulā-Paṃcalā, 315 Deuli, 149 Devagiri, 315 Devapura, 150 Devarāṣṭra, 150 Devasabhā, 13 Devikā, 74 Dhaleśvari, 34, 216 Dhanik, 315 Dhaṅkatīrtha, 282, 315 Dharaṇikoṭa, 150 Dhasan, 337 Dhaulagiri, 17 Dhauli, 150 Dhavalapeta, 150 Dhārā, 308 Dhekkari, 216 Dhovahaṭṭa, 315 Dibbiḍa Agrahāram, 150 Dinakāḍu, 150 Dirghāsi, 150 Dommara-Nandyāla, 150 Ḍoṅgaragrāma, 315 Drākṣārāma, 150 Drāviḍa, 150 Dṛṣadvatī, 30, 75 Dunniviṭṭha, 150 Durdda, 315 Durvāsā-āśrama, 217 Dvaitavana, 75 Dvāravatī, 282
c11.9
Eḍatore, 154 Eḍeru, 150
c11.10
Ekadhīra-Caturvedimaṅgalam, 151 Ekasālā, 75 Elāpura, 151 Ellore, 151 Eḷumbur, 151 Elūr, 151 Eluru, 151 Eracca, 316 Eraṇḍapalla, 151 Eratosthenes, 5 Everest, 17, 19 Eyirkoṭṭam, 151
c11.11
Fleet, 7
c11.12
Gaḍag, 283 Gaḍavisaya, 152 Gaḍhwā, 75 Gaggarā, 217 Gambhīra, 36 Gaṇḍakī, 75 Gaṇḍaparvata, 76 Gaṇḍaraei, 5 Gandhamādana, 76 Gandhāra, 10, 42, 52, 76, 306 Gaṇeśrā, 77 Gaṅgā, 77, 152 Gaṅgādvār, 31 Gaṅgāpāḍi, 152 Gaṅgāpura, 152 Gaṅgadhār, 316 Gaonri, 316 Garāi-Madhumatī, 217 Gargarā, 78 Garhmukhteśvara, 78 Garjapur, 78 Gauḍa, 217, 218 Gaurī, 29 Gaurīśaṅkara, 78 Gaurīśṛṅga, 17 Gautama-āśrama, 218 Gautamī, 152 Gautamī Balaśrī, 13 Gavidhumat, 79 Gayā, 219 Gayāśīrṣa, 20 Gayāsīsa, 219 Gālavāśrama, 316 Gāṅganur, 152 Gāṅgeya-nallūr, 152 Gāro, 217 Gedilam, 152 Ghanasela mountain, 152 Ghaṇṭasāla, 152 Gharapuri, 283 Ghaṭikācala, 152 Ghaṭiyālā, 316 Ghazni, 11 Ghoṣitārāma, 79 Ghosravān, 220 Ghosuṇḍi, 316 Ghumli, 283 Gijjhakuṭa, 20, 220 Girinagara, 283 Girivraja, 44 Godāvarī, 22, 37, 38 Godhagrāma, 220 Goharwa, 79 Gohasodvā, 316
c11.13
Gokarṇa, 79, 153 Gokarṇeśvara, 153 Gokula, 79, 220 Gollapuṇḍi, 153 Gomanta, 22 Gomatikoṭṭaka, 80 Gomukhagiri, 153 Gomukhi, 80 Goṇṭūru, 153 Gorathagiri, 220 Gosiṅgaśālavana, 220 Gośṛṅgaparvata, 316 Gotama, 80 Govardhana, 21, 80, 284 Govindavāḍi, 153 Govisaṇā, 80 Gṛdhrakūṭaparvata, 220, 221 Guddavāṭiviṣaya, 153 Gudla-kaṇḍeruvāṭi, 154 Gudravāra-viṣaya, 154 Gūdrū, 154 Guñji, 316 Gurjara, 284 Gurjaratrā, 316
c11.14
Haduvaka, 154 Hagarī, 154 Hajo, 221 Halampura, 154 Hamsaprapatana, 154 Hanumkoṇḍa, 154 Harappā, 80 Harāhā, 81 Haridvāra, 81 Harikela, 221 Hariścandragarh, 284 Harṣa, 316 Harsauda, 316 Hastakavapra, 284 Hastināpura, 81 Hāṭaka, 29 Hecataeus, 4 Heliodoros, 338 Hemavata, 16, 81 Herodotus, 4 Hesydrus, 121 Himalaya, 41 Hiṅgula, 85 Hiraṇyaparvata, 222 Hiraṇyavatī, 32, 85 Hiuen Tsang, 11, 118, 130 Hṛṣikeśa, 85
c11.15
Icchānaṅgala, 85 Ichāmati, 222 Idaituraināḍu, 154 Indasālaguhā, 24, 222 Indrasthāna, 86 Indravatī, 38 Indus, 11, 29, 127 Iramaṇḍalam, 154 Iranian Tableland, 11 Iraṭṭa-pāḍi, 154 Irāvatī, 86 Isigili, 20 Isigilipassa, 222, 223 Isila, 155 Isipatana-Migadāya, 86
c11.16
Jagannāthanagarī, 155 Jaggavāga, 155 Jahnu-āśrama, 223 Jajā-bhukti, 317 Jambudvīpa, 9 Jambugrāma, 155 Jambukeśvara, 155 Jambumārga, 41 Janasthāna, 41 Jaṭinga-Rāmeśvara, 155 Jawalāmukhī, 86 Jayaṅkoṇḍacoḻamaṇḍalam, 155 Jayapuraviṣaya, 155 Jābālipura, 317 Jājpur, 155 Jālandhara, 86 Jānkhaṭ, 86 Jetavana, 87 Jeṭuttara, 317 Jeypore, 155 Jhāmatpura, 224 Johiyabar, 342 Jurāḍā, 156
c11.17
Kaccipeḍu, 156 Kaḍaba, 156 Kadalāḍi, 156 Kaḍapā, 156 Kaḍāram, 156 Kahaum, 87 Kahror, 87 Kailāsa, 18, 29, 87, 88, 121 Kajaṅgala, 12, 14, 224 Kakutthā, 88 Kalandakanivāpa, 45, 224 Kaḻavalināḍu, 156 Kalindagiri, 135 Kaliṅga, 156 Kaliṅganagara, 156, 157, 158, 159 Kaliṅgapaṭṭanam, 159 Kaliṅgāraṇya, 42, 159 Kalyāṇa, 159 Kamalā, 32, 88 Kamalāpuram, 159 Kamauli, 88 Kamboja, 42, 53, 88 Kamet, 33 Kampili, 159 Kamsavatī, 33 Kaṇada, 159 Kanakavalli, 159 Kaṅchengunga, 19 Kaṇḍarādityam, 159 Kaṇḍeruvāḍi, 160 Kaṇhagiri, 89 Kanheri, 285 Kaṅkhala, 89, 317 Kaṇṇi, 160 Kanteru, 160 Kaṇyā, 160 Kanyākumārī (Cape Comorin), 146 Kapiladhārā, 317 Kapilavastu, 89 Kapilāśrama, 224 Kapiśa, 90 Karakoram, 18, 168 Karambai, 40 Karaṇipākkam, 160 Karatoyā, 34, 224
c11.18
Karavaṇḍapuram, 160 Kardama-āśrama, 286 Karkuḍi, 160 Karṇaphuli, 225 Karṇasuvarṇa, 225 Karṇāṭa country, 160 Karṇika, 161 Karur, 161 Karūṣa, 225, 226 Karuvūr, 161 Kaurāla, 161 Kauśāmbi, 23, 57 Kauśikī, 31, 91, 226 Kavilāsapura, 317 Kālahasti, 161 Kālibhanā, 161 Kālidāsa, 118, 121, 308 Kālidurga, 161 Kāliyūrkoṭṭam, 161 Kālnā, 226 Kāma-āśrama, 91 Kāmapuri, 161 Kāmarūpa, 226, 227, 228 Kāmākhyā, 228 Kāmkaraparti, 161 Kāmpilya, 91 Kāṇa-nāḍu, 161 Kāñcanjaṅgā, 17 Kāñcipura, 161 Kāṇva-āśrama, 89 Kānyakubja, 93 Kāraikkāl, 162 Kāratalai, 317 Kārli, 27, 286 Kārpāsigrāma, 337 Kāruvagrāma, 162 Kāśī, 42, 46, 94, 208 Kāsiā, 96 Kāśmīra, 97 Kātripura, 97 Kāvanūr, 162 Kāveri, 22, 38, 162 Kāviri, 162 Kāvirippūmbaṭṭaṇam, 163 Kāyaṭhā, 318 Kedāra, 97 Kekaya, 98 Kendrāpārā, 163 Kenduli, 228 Kerala country, 163 Keralaputra, 163 Keralasiṅga-vaḷanāḍu, 164 Kesaputta, 98 Keśavapuri, 164 Ketumati, 98 Khaḍ-daha, 229 Khaḍipadā, 164 Khajurāho, 318 Khalatika hills, 229 Khaṇḍagiri, 26, 164, 165 Khandesh, 318 Khālimpur, 229 Khāṇḍava, 98 Khedrapur, 165 Khetur, 229 Kiḍāram, 156 Kira, 98 Kiragrāma, 98 Kirāḍu, 318
c11.19
Kirāta, 98 Kirthār, 18, 99 Kisanpura, 165 Kisarakellā, 165 Kiṣkindhyā, 21 Kistnā, 40 Koḍūru, 165 Koḷāru, 165 Kolhuā, 229 Kolleru, 40, 165 Koḷippākkai, 166 Komaṇḍa, 166 Komarti, 166 Komāramaṅgala, 166 Konamaṇḍala, 166 Koṇāḍu, 166 Koṇāraka, 166 Koṅgoḍa, 166 Koṅgu, 166 Koṅkaṇ, 166, 167 Korakai, 167 Korosaṇḍa, 167 Korukoṇḍa, 167 Kośala, 42, 47, 99, 208 Kośala-nāḍu, 167 Kosambi, 99 Kosiki, 100 Kothuraka, 319 Koṭinārā, 287 Koṭivarṣaviṣaya, 230 Koṭṭāru, 167 Koṭyāśrama, 167, 230 Kriṣṇā (Kṛṣṇā), 38, 168 Kritamālā, 38, 39, 168 Kroṣṭukavarttani-Viṣaya, 167, 168 Kṛṣṇagrāma, 100 Kṛṣṇagiri, 21, 100, 168 Kṛṣṇaveṇā, 168 Kṛṣṇāpura, 168 Kubhā, 29, 101 Kuḍamalaināḍu, 168 Kuḍamukkil, 168 Kudrāhāra, 168, 169 Kukkutapādagiri, 230 Kukkutārāma, 231 Kukura, 287 Kulācalas, 23 Kumaon, 19 Kumārī, 169 Kumbhakoṇam, 169 Kumbhi, 319 Kuṇḍinapura, 7 Kuṇṭala, 169, 170 Kūram, 170 Kuraraghara-parvata, 319 Kuru, 42, 50 Kurujāṅgala, 40, 101 Kurukṣetra, 101 Kuruspāl, 319 Kuśapura, 102 Kuśāvati, 102 Kuśinārā, 102, 103, 104
c11.20
Lachmanjholā, 104 Ladakh, 18, 104 Lakṣyā, 231 Lalitagiri, 176 Laṭṭhivana, 231 Lauhitya, 232
c11.21
Lāṅguliya, 170 Lār, 104 Lāṭa, 287 Lohāwar, 104 Lohit, 34 Lokāloka Mountain, 170 Lonar, 40 Longhurst, A. H., 7 Lumbinī, 16 Lumbinigrāma, 104 Luni, 35 Luputurā, 170 Lushai hills, 18
c11.22
Madanpur, 319 Madāvar, 104 Madhuban, 105 Madhuravana, 105 Madhurā, 307 Madhyadeśa, 12 Madhyama-Kaliṅga, 170 Madradeśa, 105 Madurai, 170 Madurā, 170, 171 Magadha, 42, 44, 45, 208, 232, 233, 234, 308 Magadhapura, 59 Mahalla-Lāṭa, 319 Mahābalipuram, 171 Mahā-Gauri, 171 Mahākāntāra, 171 Mahānadi, 22, 37, 235 Mahārāṣṭra, 41, 171, 172 Mahāsthān, 234 Mahāvana, 40, 105, 234 Mahāvira, 125, 307 Mahendra Mountain, 22 Mahendravāḷi, 172 Mahendrācala, 172 Mahenjo-daro, 288 Mahi, 105, 288 Mahobā, 105 Mainākagiri, 105 Mainākaparvata, 105, 172 Maināmāṭi, 234, 235 Makkarakata, 320 Malabar, 172 Malaikkurram, 172 Malaināḍu, 173 Malayagiri, 22, 172, 173 Malayakūṭa, 23, 173 Malayaparvata, 23 Malayācala, 173 Malkhed, 173 Mallaparvata, 21 Mallāla, 320 Mallār, 320 Manasākaṭa, 61, 106 Manasbal, 39 Manchar, 39 Maṇḍala, 320 Mandara hill, 21 Mandākini, 20, 22, 31, 106, 320 Mandāra, 235, 320 Maṇikarṇa, 106 Maṇimaṅgalam, 173 Maṇiparvata, 106 Mañjirā, 173 Mankuwar, 106
c11.23
Manneru, 174 Manoharā, 121 Marco Polo, 7 Marshall, 329 Mathurā, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 Matsya (Maccha), 42, 51, 320 Mayūragiri, 321 Mayūrakhaṇḍi, 288, 322 Māhiṣmatī (Māhissati), 174, 305, 322 Mālava, 110, 111, 322 Mālyavat, 21, 111 Māmallapuram, 174 Mānapura, 111 Mānasa-sarovara, 111, 122 Māṇḍukigrāma, 323 Mārkaṇḍeya-āśrama, 111 Mātāmuri, 35 Māvinūru, 174 Megasthenes, 5, 11 Meghnā, 33, 34, 35, 236 Meharauli, 111 Mekala, 20 Melapaṭṭi, 174 Melpāḍi, 174, 175 Meros, 111 Meru, 111, 175 Minnagara, 5 Mishmi (Mountain), 18, 236 Mithilā, 236, 237, 238, 239 Miyāru-nāḍu, 175 Moriyanagara, 111 Morounda, 175 Mousikanos, 112 Mṛṣika, 175 Mudgagiri, 239 Mūjavant, 112 Mukshudābād, 240 Mukteśvara, 112 Mūḷaka, 175, 176 Mūlasthāna, 112 Muralā, 176 Muruṇḍa country, 112 Mūsaka, 175 Mūsika, 175, 289 Mūsikanagara, 176
c11.24
Nagapatam, 177 Nagarabhukti, 240 Nagarahāra, 112 Naimiṣa, 41, 113 Naimiṣāraṇya, 41, 113 Naksh-ti-Rustam, 8 Nalatigiri, 176 Nandadevi, 17 Nandagiri, 176 Nandivardhana, 289, 323 Narasiṅgapalli, 177 Naravana, 177, 289 Narmadā, 28, 36, 305, 323 Narod, 324 Narwar, 324 Nasik Caves, 26 Nauhāi, 113 Nausāri, 289 Navadvīpa, 240 Navagrāma, 177, 240 Navatulā, 177 Nayanapalle, 177 Nābhaka, 16, 113
c11.25
Nādol, 324 Nāgasārikā, 290 Nāgā hills, 240 Nāgārjuni hill, 241 Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, 177 Nāgodbheda, 30 Nālakagāma, 241 Nālandā, 241, 242, 243, 244 Nāndsā, 324 Nānyaurā, 113 Nāsika, 290 Nāthadvāra, 325 Nearchus (Nearchos), 4, 5 Nellur, 178 Nepāla, 113 Nerañjarā, 244, 245 Nicatgiri, 325 Niḍūr, 178 Nigliva, 16, 114 Nila-Gaṅgavaram, 178 Nilakaṇṭha-caturvedi-maṅgalam, 178 Nilguṇḍa, 178 Nirbindhyā, 36, 325, 337n. Nirmānd, 114 Nisabha, 114 Niṣadha, 325 Niṣāda, 291, 292
c11.26
Oḍḍaviṣaya, 178 Oxus, 28 Oxykanos territory, 114 Ozene, 5, 332
c11.27
Pabhosā Cave, 114 Pacchatri, 292 Paderia, 114 Padmāvati, 325 Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam, 178 Paharpur, 7 Pahlādpura, 114 Pahowa, 114 Paiṭhān, 179 Paḷakkaḍa-sthāna, 179 Palāśi, 245 Palāśini, 245, 293 Palitānā, 293 Palkonda hills, 22 Palni, 179 Pampā, 292 Pampāpati, 179 Panamalāi, 179 Pañcadhāra, 179 Pañcadhārāla, 179 Pañcapāṇḍavamalai, 179 Pañcavaṭi, 292 Pañcāla, 42, 50, 63 Pañcāladeśa, 115 Pandua, 246 Panmānāḍu, 179 Parāśgaḍh, 343 Pariṇah, 115 Paruṣṇi, 116 Paruviṣaya, 179 Pasitigris, 5 Patkai hills, 246 Paṭṭan, 326 Paṭṭosam, 179 Paṭṭikerā, 246 Pawaya, 326
c11.28
Payoṣṇī, 326 Pāguṇāraviṣaya, 180 Pāhāḍpur, 248 Pālakka, 180 Pālār, 38, 180 Pālāru, 180 Pālura, 180 Pāñcapāli, 180 Pāṇḍuyā, 249 Pāṇḍya, 180 Pārada, 181 Pārikuḍ, 181 Pārileyyaka, 41 Pāripātra, 14, 19, 23, 326, 336 Pārireya, 116 Pārivāta, 116 Pāṭaliputra, 45, 249, 250, 251 Pātharghāṭā, 251 Pāvā, 116 Pāvāpuri, 251 Pāvārika-ambavana, 251 Pedda-vegi, 181 Peṇḍrābandh, 326 Penner, 181 Persepolis, 8 Perumugai, 181 Phalgu, 32, 251 Phuliā, 252 Phulsara, 181 Pilakkhaguhā, 26, 116 Piloshana, 117 Pipaṛulā, 326 Pippalaguhā, 252 Pippalāla, 182 Pippaliguhā, 24, 252 Pippalivana, 41, 117, 252 Piprāwā, 117 Pirānmalai, 182 Pir Panjal, 17 Pithapurī, 182 Pliny, 5 Poḍiyil, 182 Poḳṣara, 326 Poliyūr-nāḍu, 182 Ponni, 182 Poṇṇuṭuru, 182 Poṭṭapi, 182 Prabhāsa, 117, 293 Pradyotas, 307 Praśravanagiri, 183 Prasthala, 117 Pratiṣṭhāna, 183 Pravaragiri, 252 Prayāga, 117, 118 Prāgjyotiṣa, 252, 253 Prārjunas, 327 Puḍuppākkam, 183 Pugar, 183 Pulikkuṇram, 183 Pulināḍu, 183 Pulindarājaraṣṭra, 184 Puḷḷamaṅgalam, 184 Pūnaka (Puṇya), 184 Puṇḍravardhana, 7 Puṇḍravardhana-bhukti, 246, 247, 248 Pupphavati, 118 Purandara, 184 Puri, 184 Purikā, 184
c11.29
Pūrṇa, 327 Puruṣottamapurī, 184 Pūrvārāma, 118 Puṣkalāvatī, 119 Puṣkara, 41 Puṣkaraṇa, 7, 253, 327 Puṣkarāvatī, 119 Puṣpagiri, 22, 185 Puṣpajāti, 185
c11.30
Rahatgaḍh, 327 Raibhya-āśrama, 119 Raivataka hill, 294 Ratanpur, 327 Ratnagiri, 185 Ratnavāhapura, 119 Raṭṭapāḍikoṇḍa-Soḷamaṇḍalam, 185 Rāḍha, 254 Rāḍhakuṇḍa, 119 Rāgolu, 185 Rājagaha, 45, 254, 255 Rājagambhīra hill, 185 Rājapura, 119 Rājghāṭ, 119 Rājim, 328 Rājmahal ranges, 255 Rājorgaḍh, 328 Rāmadāsapura, 119 Rāmagaṅgā, 119 Rāmagāma, 119 Rāmakeli, 256 Rāmatīrtha, 185, 294 Rāmeśvaram, 185 Rāmṭek, 328 Rānī-Jhariāḷ, 185 Rāṇīpadra, 328 Rāṣṭrakuṭa, 185 Rāyagaḍh, 294 Reṇāṇḍu, 185 Revatī, 328 Revā, 328 Ṛkṣavat, 20, 328 Rohaṇaki, 185 Rohiṇī, 41, 120 Rohitāgiri, 256 Roruka, 294 Ṛṣigiri, 256 Ṛṣyamukha, 186 Ṛṣyaśṛṅga-āśrama, 256 Rudragayā, 186 Rūpanārāyaṇa, 256
c11.31
Sabarmatī, 295 Sadānīrā, 32 Sahalāṭavī, 120 Sahyādri, 21, 186 Sakadeśa, 295 Sakrāī, 328 Salem, 186 Sallaimāla, 329 Salonī, 329 Samalipada, 186 Samatata, 257 Sambhu, 120, 295 Samkāśya, 120 Samudragupta, 343 Samudrapāṭa, 329 Saṅgūr, 186 Saṅkanipalli, 186
c11.32
Saṅkaram, 186 Sappini, 258 Saptagrāma, 258 Saptasindhava, 8, 28 Sapta-sindhu, 120 Sarabhū, 120 Śarapadraka, 186 Sarasvatī (Sarassatī), 28, 121, 186 Sarayū, 120 Śarāvatī, 14 Sarda, 121 Sarephā, 186 Śatadru, 30, 121 Satiyaputra, 186 Śatruñjaya, 295 Sattapaṇṇi Cave, 25, 258 Śaurīpura, 122 Śavaradeśa, 187 Śavarī-āśrama, 187 Sābhramatī, 329 Sāgala, 122 Śākala, 122 Śākambharī, 329 Sāketa, 122, 123 Śālaigrāma, 187 Śālavana, 41 Śālmalī, 258 Sāloṭgi, 295 Śālva, 123 Sāmagāma, 123 Sāñci, 329 Sāṅgala, 123 Śāntipur, 259 Sāraṅgadh, 329 Śāraṅganātha, 123 Sāriputta, 123 Sārnāth, 123 Sāsanakoṭa, 187 Sāṭodika, 295 Sātpurā, 20 Śendamaṅgalam, 187 Seraha, 40 Seriva, 295 Seriyāpuṭa, 296 Setavya, 126 Set Mahet, 126 Shergaḍh, 329 Shin-tuh (Sintu), 8, 127 Shorkot, 126 Śibsāgar, 259 Siddācala, 295 Siddhāśrama, 126 Sihappapāṭa, 127 Śilā-saṅgama, 260 Simācalam, 188 Simhapura, 260 Śimsapāvana, 127 Sindhu, 8 Sindhu-Sauvīra, 296 Sineru, 127 Siṅghapura, 127 Śiprā, 329 Śirīṣapada, 296 Śirodbheda, 30 Sirpur, 330 Śīrśa, 127
c11.33
Sirur, 297 Śiśumāra hill, 129 Śiśupālgadh, 188 Sitavana, 260 Sītākuṇḍa, 260 Śivipura, 127 Śolāpuram, 188 Somanāthadevapaṭṭana, 297 Śoṇa, 128 Śoṇā, 128 Soron, 128 Śrāvaṇa-Belgoḷā, 189 Śrāvastī (Sāvatthī), 13, 124, 125, 126, 128 Śrīhaṭṭa, 261 Śrīkaṇṭa, 17 Śrīkṣetra, 189 Śrīmālapattana, 330 Śṛṅgaverapura, 128 Śrīparvata, 189 Śrīpura, 189 Śrīraṅgam, 189 Srughna, 128 Sthāneśvara, 129 Sthānīśvara, 129 Strabo, 4 Sudarśana, 297 Sudava, 190 Śūdra country, 297 Suhma, 261 Suktimati, 129 Śuktimat range, 262 Sultanganj, 262 Sumeru, 129 Sumsumāragiri, 129 Sundarikā, 129 Sunderban, 262 Sunet, 129 Supratiṣṭha, 330 Śūrasena, 42, 51 Surathā, 297 Surāṣṭra, 5, 297, 298, 305 Surmā, 262 Sūrpāraka, 299 Śuruḷiyāru, 190 Susuniā, 7 Sutlej, 121 Suvarṇagiri, 190 Suvarṇaguhā, 129 Suvarṇapura, 191, 262 Svabhra, 299 Śvetaka, 191 Śvetaparvata, 129 Syrastrene, 5
c11.34
Tagara, 191 Takkaṇalāḍam, 191 Takkasilā, 13 Takkoḷam, 191 Takṣaśilā, 129, 130, 131 Talegaon, 299 Talevāṭaka, 330 Taḷḷāru, 192 Tamasā, 131 Tambapamṇi, 192 Tanauli, 192 Taṅgaturu, 192
c11.35
Tanjore, 192 Taṇporunda-āru, 193 Tapodā, 45 Tarpandighi, 262 Tarpaṅghāṭ, 262 Tataria, 40 Taxila, 45 Tālaɡuṇḍa, 193 Tālapuramsaka, 193 Tāmar, 193 Tāmasavana, 131 Tāmralipti, 263 Tāṇḍikoṇḍa, 193 Tāptī (Tāpī), 36, 330 Tekabhara, 299, 331 Tekkali, 193 Telavāha, 194 Tezpur, 263 Thūṇa, 131 Tirabhukti, 264 Tiruccendūr, 194 Tirukkuḍamūkkil, 194 Tirumalai hill, 194 Tirumānikuli, 194 Tirunāmanallūr, 194 Tirupati, 22, 194 Tiruvadi, 195 Toṣaḍḍa, 331 Tosali, 195 Trayambakeśvara, 300 Tribhuvanam, 195 Trigartta, 131 Trikaliṅga, 195 Tripuri, 196 Triśirāpalli, 196 Triśrotā, 264 Triveṇī, 264 Tṛṇavindu-āśrama, 131 Tulamba, 131 Tumbavana, 331 Tummāna, 331 Tuṅgabhadrā, 38, 196 Tusām, 132
c11.36
Udayagiri, 26, 164, 165, 196, 197, 331, 332 Udayapura, 332 Udena, 307 Udicya, 12 Udyāna, 132 Ugganagara, 132 Uhā, 132 Ujjayinī (Ujjain), 305, 306, 307, 308, 332, 333 U-Kong, 6 Upaplavya, 333 Upavattanasālavana, 132 Uragapura, 197 Urjayat, 300 Urṇāvati, 127 Urttiviṣaya, 197 Uruvelā, 264, 265 Uśīnara, 132 Uśīradhvaja, 132 Utkalaviṣaya, 197 Utpalāvati, 197 Uttara-Kośala, 132 Uttarakuru, 133 Uttarāpatha, 12, 13
c11.37
Vaḍāla, 300 Vaibhāragiri, 265 Vaidūryaparvata, 20, 21, 300 Vaigāi, 39, 198 Vailūr, 198 Vaiśālī, 48, 265, 266 Vairāṭa, 333, 334 Vaitaraṇī, 37, 198, 267 Vakkaṭaka, 267 Vallabhi, 300 Vallavāḍa, 198, 301 Vamśa, 42, 49 Vamśadharā, 198 Vanavāsi, 199 Vaṅga, 59, 267, 268, 269 Varadā, 38, 199, 341 Varadākheṭa, 335 Varanāvatī, 46 Varāha-guhā, 25 Varāhavarttanī, 199 Vardhamānabhukti, 269 Vasantgaḍh, 335 Vasiṣṭhāśrama, 335 Vaṭapadraka, 301, 335 Vaṭapura, 335 Vaṭāṭavi, 335 Vatsagulma, 200 Vaṭṭāra, 301 Vāghli, 301 Vāhlīka, 133 Vālmīki-āśrama, 133 Vātāpi, 200 Vātāṭavi, 120 Vātodaka, 336 Vebhāra, 20 Vedisa, 336 Vediśagiri, 340 Vegavatī, 36 Velanāṇḍu, 200 Vellūra, 200 Veluvana, 45, 270 Vendidad, 29 Veṅgī, 200 Veṅkaṭagiri, 201 Veṅkaṭādri, 22 Veṇugrāma, 134 Vepulla, 20, 270
c11.38
Verañja, 134 Vessanagar, 337 Veṭhadipa, 270 Vetravatī (Vettavatī), 36, 134, 336, 337 340 Vibhraṭa, 134 Vidarbha, 340, 341 Vidiśā, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340 Vihalā, 36 Vijayanagara, 201 Vikramapura, 270, 271 Vikramaśilā, 271 Vinaśana, 12 Vindhya, 19, 20, 36 Vindhyapādaparvata, 301 Vindhyavalli, 341 Vindhyācala, 134 Vindusarovara, 134 Viñjhāṭavi, 302 Vipāśā, 134 Virāṭanagara, 321 Visari-nāṇḍu, 201 Viṣṇupadi, 31 Viṣṇupura, 271, 272 Viśvāmitra-āśrama, 272 Vitamsā (Vitastā), 29, 135 Voḍhagrāma, 342 Vṛndāvana, 135 Vṛṣaparva-āśrama, 135 Vyāghrāgrahāra, 202 Vyāsa-āśrama, 135 Vyāsa-sarovara, 202
c11.39
Wain-Gaṅgā, 22 Walā, 302 Wular, 39
c11.40
Yamunā, 34, 36, 135 Yaṣṭivana, 273 Yaudheya, 342, 343 Yaugandhara, 136 Yavana country, 136, 137 Yayātinagara, 202 Yāmadagni-āśrama, 137 Yeḍatore, 202 Yekkeri, 302, 343
c11.41
Zaradros, 121
c11.42
Note: Uṇāvatī printed in page 127 should be read after Upavattanaśālavana in page 132.
c11.43
Published by the Société Asiatique de Paris, 1, rue de Seine, Paris VIᵉ, France, and Printed by Norman A. Ellis, Baptist Mission Press, 41A Lower Circular Road, Calcutta 16.
c11.44
The *fraternities* of the Middle Ages, which were so numerous and so varied in their objects, were not all of the same origin. Some were religious, some social, some charitable, and some industrial. The religious guilds, or *gilds*, as they were often called, were associations of laymen for the purpose of performing religious duties, such as the maintenance of a chaplain, the celebration of masses, or the support of a hospital. The social guilds were formed for the purpose of mutual aid and good fellowship, and often included in their objects the relief of the poor, the sick, and the aged. The charitable guilds were established for the purpose of supporting hospitals, almshouses, and other institutions of mercy. The industrial guilds, or *craft guilds*, were associations of men engaged in the same trade or industry, and were formed for the purpose of regulating the trade, protecting the interests of the members, and maintaining the quality of their work.
c11.45
The craft guilds, which became so powerful in the later Middle Ages, were the successors of the earlier *collegia* of the Roman Empire. The *collegia* were associations of artisans and tradesmen, which were recognized by the state and had a legal existence. When the Roman Empire fell, these associations were largely destroyed, but the idea of association for mutual protection and the regulation of trade survived. In the early Middle Ages, the *gilds* began to reappear, and by the twelfth century they were firmly established in many of the cities of Europe.
c11.46
The craft guilds were organized on a democratic basis, and every member had a voice in the management of the guild's affairs. The officers were elected by the members, and the rules and regulations were made by the guild as a whole. The guilds had the power to fix prices, to regulate the hours of labor, and to determine the conditions of apprenticeship. They also had the power to punish members who violated the rules, and to expel those who were guilty of serious offenses. The guilds were thus a powerful force in the economic life of the Middle Ages, and they played an important part in the development of the modern industrial system.
c11.47
The decline of the craft guilds began in the sixteenth century, when the rise of the factory system and the growth of international trade made it difficult for the small, local guilds to compete with the larger and more efficient industrial organizations. The guilds were also weakened by the growth of the power of the state, which began to regulate trade and industry directly, and by the rise of the capitalist class, which sought to break the power of the guilds and to establish a system of free competition. By the end of the eighteenth century, the craft guilds had largely disappeared, but their influence lived on in the trade unions and other labor organizations of the modern world.