Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v1.c7.s1.t9: jo nang pa Sect
Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v1.c7.s1.t9
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jo nang pa Sect
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jo nang pa, one of the major sects of Tibetan Buddhism and the Buddhism *dharma* originated from yu mo mi bskyod rod rje (in the 11th century CE), who founded gzhan stong and believers preached gzhan stong from generation to generation. After the sixth generation of disciple Kun Spangs Thugs Rje B rtson Vgrus (1243-1313 CE) built temple and developed the gzhan stong school into jo nang pa, byang sems rgyal ba ye shes (1257～1320 CE), Mkhas Btsun Yon Tan Rgya Mtsho (1260～1327 CE), Dol Po Ba Shes Rab Rgyal Mtshan (1292～1361 CE), lo tsa ba blo gros dpal (1299～1353 CE), hyogs las rnam rgyal (1306～1386 CE), nya dbon kun dgav dpal (1345～1439 CE), kun dgav grol mchog (1507～1569 CE) and da ra na tha (1575～1634 CE) stood out from others and made a great contribution to promoting the development of jo nang pa.
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In particular, da ra na tha who was well versed in Sanskrit and frequently contacted with Indian monks in Tibet and composed rgya gar chos vbyung based on their oral information. In Buddhist history, the works played a vital role in studying the history of Buddhism in India and had a wide influence on India-China cultural exchange. Thus, it was translated into Chinese, English and other language versions. In 1615, da ran a tha built rtag brtag dam chos gling in present-day Lazi County, Shigatse, Tibet and invited 20 artisans from Nepal to make sculptures and draw paintings and thus the BuddIha statues and murals there were full of Nepal and Indian Buddhist artistic style.
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After da ra na tha passed away, jo nang pa fell into decline. In the early Qing Dynasty, its temples in Tibet were disappeared. However, eminent monks built temples and preached dharma in mdo khams (some Tibetan autonomous prefectures in Sichuan and Qinghai) and continued the Buddhist lineage of jo nang pa till today.
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In 1425, drung rrna shri (or dkav bzhi pa rin chen dpal, 1350-1435 CE) built dpal vdzam thang chos sde in vdzam thang (present-day Rangtang County, Aba Tibet Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province) and preached the doctrines and ritual practices of jo nang pa in accordance with the instruction of Chogle Namgyal. Subsequently, his heir disciples such as chos rje rgyal ba bzang po (1419～1482 CE), tshes bcu rrna kwirti and Aa rge nyi ma vod zer extended temples and established the temple layout of the coexistence of chos rgyal dgon, tshe bcu dgon buit in 1456 and gtsang ba dgon built in 1730. Additionally, they set up the living Buddha reincarnation system for living Buddha chos rje, tshes bcu and gtsang pa, etc.
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Monastery of the Jonang sect, Tibet, China
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Gtsang ba dgon developed into a central temple for lineal Buddhism *dharma* lineage of jo nang pa and extended its religious influence. Additionally, it had established many branch temples in surrounding areas such as Sichuan Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and Qinghai Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In the late Qing Dynasty, jo nang pa built a total of more than 30 temples which were mainly distributed in mdo khams.
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(*Kalsang gyal*)