[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Historical geography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography) › [Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014) › v2.c14.41 # Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v2.c14.41 Encyclopedia of India–China Cultural Contacts v2.c14.41 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c14.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14.41) In 16th century CE, China was on the decline, and Western powers came to control the sea routes and India-China trade. In 1510, the Portuguese seized Goa on the west coast of India and turned it into a stronghold to colonise India. In 1557, they established themselves in Macao, China and carried out Europe-South Asia-East Asia trade. Then, the Spanish, British, Dutch, Danish, French and Swedish all came to India and East Asia, and direct official contact between India and China ceased. - [Previous: v2.c14.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14.40) - [Next: v2.c14.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14.42) - [Up: v2.c14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.mea-2014.v2.c14.41) · Pramāṇa