[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Historical geography](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography) › [Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967) › c10 # Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature c10: Addenda et Corrigenda Cosmography and Geography in Early Indian Literature c10 - **Language:** English ### Addenda et Corrigenda ### [c10.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.1) Page 14, line 3. \*Read\* - number is ,, 23, line 25. ,, - 19. for 9 ,, 23, note 88. \*Add\* - On the nadi-stuti hymn, see A. Stein, 'Some River-names in the Ṛgveda' in \*JRAS\*, 1917. ### [c10.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.2) ,, 24, line 23. \*Read\* - of the nadi-stuti hymn ,, 25, line 1. ,, - Varaṇāvatī ,, 27, line 26. ,, - according to ,, 29, lines 27-28. ,, - three of the five being the Ṛgvedic Sṛñjaya, Krivi and Turvaśa ### [c10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.3) ,, 32, line 3. ,, - Kauśāmbī ,, 34, note 3. \*Add\* - The name Hindustān has been traced in the Naqsh-i-Rustum inscription (262 A. D.) of Shāpūr I. See \*BSOAS\*, Vol. IX, p. 845; \*Monthly Bulletin of the As. Soc.\*, Vol. I, No. 3, p. 5. ### [c10.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.4) ,, 35, line 8. ,, - Jambukhaṇḍavinirmāṇa ,, 41, line 9. ,, - Ottorokorrha ,, 45, line 25. ,, - the Jambu-dvīpa ,, 46, note 37. \*Add\* - But sometimes the Mālyavat and Gandhamādana are located respectively to the east and west of Mt. Meru. Cf. below, p. 53 and notes 73 and 76. ### [c10.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.5) ,, 47, note 40 ,, - See also \*An. Bhand. Or. Res. Inst\*, Vol. XIX, pp. 93ff. ### [c10.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.6) ,, 48, line 23. \*Read\* - (2) Śāka ,, 49, line 6. ,, - Agnidhra's ,, ,, line 10. ,, - Anutaptā ,, 51, line 29. \*Add note\* - The Mahābhārata (VI. 7. 19) locates the Jambu tree called Sudarśana between the Nīla and Niṣadha ranges. ### [c10.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.7) ,, 2, note 49. \*Add\* - For the Jain conception regarding the island-continents, see below, pp. 57-59. ### [c10.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.8) ,, 52, line 8. \*Read\* - There are, from south to north, 3 varṣas (Ramyaka ### [c10.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.9) ,, ,, note 53. \*Add\* - The division was called Videha by the Jains. ,, 53, line 12. \*Read\* - Ilāvṛta-varṣa. ,, ,, note 64. ,, - Cf. VI. 8. 10-11; but VI. 7.2 locates the Uttara-Kuru to the south of the Nīla and on the northern side of the Meru. The northernmost varṣa is called Airāvata by the Jains. ### [c10.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.10) ,, 55, line 2. ,, - subdivision Page 55, line 17. Add note - See Raychaudhuri, op. cit., pp. 83ff. ,, 59, note 97. Read- tatra deśo.........prakāśate ,, 60, note 98. ,, - IHQ ,, 63, line 7. ,, - Avanti ,, ,, line 10. ,, - conch-shell ,, ,, line 30. ,, - different directions ,, 73, line 20. Add - probably the people of the Kalat region of Baluchistan ,, 77, line 14. ,, - Cf. also the name of modern Malda (written Māladaha) in West Bengal ,, ,, line 26. Read - (see above, p. 65 and note 111) ,, ,, penultimate line. ,, - Bahmanābād ,, 79, line 16 ,, - North Kanara ,, ,, last line. Add - Another interesting route between Ayodhyā and the Kekaya capital in the Western Punjab is known from the Rāmāyaṇa, II. 68 and 71. ,, 89, line 13. Read - Sindhu ,, ,, line 17. ,, - Ruddhakaṭaka ,, 90, line 16. ,, - outlook and more intimate knowledge than noticed in some of the earlier writings. ,, 2, line 17. ,, - Kūrma-vibhāga or Kūrma-niveśa ,, 91, note 12, line 3. ,, - Sūrasenāś=ca ,, 92, note 13, line 5. ,, - Mekal-Āmbaṣṭhāḥ ,, ,, ,, line 12. ,, - Mithil-Otkala ,, 93, line 11. ,, - Ābhīra ,, ,, line 13. ,, - the Krauñca-dvīpa ,, ,, note 14, line 3. ,, - Vindhy-āntavasinas ,, 94, note 17, lines 6 and 15. ,, - Śaṅkha ,, ,, ,, line 21 ,, - Kuñjaradari ,, 95, line 5. ,, - Mt. Maṇimegha (Maṇimat and Meghavat) ,, 97, note 19, lines 3-4 and 14. ,, - °āntardvīp° ,, 98, note 20, line 3. ,, - Dāmara ,, 99, line 1. ,, - 26 Aryan peoples ,, 100, line 13. ,, - Domba ,, 101, line 30. ,, - Dāhala ,, 104, line 5. ,, - Dāhala ., 105, note 29, lines 2-3. ,, - Kṣīrābdhi ,, 106, line 3. ,, - Vāhlika (Vāhika) ,, ,, line 15 ,, - Dabhāla ,, 107, line 1. ,, - Viśasana (Vinaśana) ### [c10.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.11) Page 107, lines 4-5. Read - Dahāla=Dāhāla=Dāhala ,, ,, line 16. ,, - Pitṛtīrtha ,, ,, line 19. ,, - Uttarāpatha ,, ,, line 29. ,, - Pūrva-Mālava=Mālava ,, 109, line 10. ,, - Iraq-in ,, 110, line 6. ,, - Deśāvalivṛti by Jaganmohana-paṇḍita ,, ,, note 36. Add - V. S. Agrawala, JUPHS, Vol XV, 1942, Part II, pp. 24-52 ### [c10.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.12) ,, 111, note 1, line 11. Read - in the os ending ,, 112, line 29. ,, - Surāṣṭra ; Kathiawad ,, 118, line 35. ,, - coast-sic ,, 119, line 11. ,, - Ptolemy's ,, 120, note 5, last line. ,, - °aśman, vaidūrya ,, 123, line 27. ,, - Orgaric or Orgalic Gulf ,, 125, lines 10, 12 and 16. ,, - long. ,, 126, line 2 and 8. ,, - a tributary ,, 132, line 22. Add - of the Phyllitai and the river, and the Ambastai (Ambaṣṭha) along the country ### [c10.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.13) ,, 134, line 5. Read - Maisoloi ,, ,, line 7. ,, - Benagouron ,, 135, line 17. ,, - Pounnata (Punnāḍu ,, 138, line 27. ,, - Attabas ,, ,, last line. ,, - Saba ,, 151, line 9. ,, - Cinabhukti ,, 153, line 2. ,, - An-t'o-lo ,, ,, line 4. ,, - Dhānyakaṭaka ,, 154, line 1. ,, - Kitābul ,, ,, note 14. Add - Al-Birūni wrote his Kitābul Hind shortly after the death of Sulṭān Mahmūd in 1030 A. D. He was a great mathematician and astronomer and studied the Sanskrit language and its scientic literature in India. ### [c10.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.14) ,, 156, line 17. Read - Dahāla ,, ,, lines 20-21. ,, - Banavasi for Banavasiin ,, 157, line 16 ,, - about the Ganges ,, ,, line 20. ,, - pattana for apattana ,, 161, line 18. ,, - because ,, 164, line 13. ,, - Davāka LENGTH (BREADTH 7 HEIGHT THROUGH OUT IN RAJJU (4 KHANDUKAS) ### [c10.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.15) NORTH ### [c10.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.16) LOKALOKA OR CAKRAVĀLA ### [c10.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.17) UTTARA-KURU ### [c10.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.18) KETUMĀLA OR APARA-GODĀNA ### [c10.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.19) MERU ### [c10.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.20) BHACRĀSVA OR PŪRVA-VIDEHA ### [c10.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.21) JAMBU-DVĪPA OR BHĀRATA ### [c10.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.22) SAMUDRA ### [c10.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.23) WEST ### [c10.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.24) CAST ### [c10.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.25) SOUTH ### [c10.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.26) PLATE I: CATUR-DVĪPĀ VASUMATĪ ### [c10.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.27) PUṢKARA-DVĪPA ### [c10.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.28) ŚAKA-DVĪPA ### [c10.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.29) KRAUṄCA-DVĪPA ### [c10.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.30) KUŚA-DVĪPA ### [c10.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.31) ŚĀLMALI-DVĪPA ### [c10.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.32) PLAKṢA-DVĪPA ### [c10.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.33) JAMBU-DVĪPA ### [c10.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.34) LAVAṆA-SAMUDRA ### [c10.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.35) KṢĪRA-SAMUDRA ### [c10.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.36) SURĀ-SAMUDRA ### [c10.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.37) GHRTA-SAMUDRA ### [c10.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.38) DADHI-SAMUDRA ### [c10.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.39) DUGDHA-SAMUDRA ### [c10.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.40) JALA-SAMUDRA ### [c10.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.42) PLATE III : UNIVERSE IN JAIN CONCEPTION—A ### [c10.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.44) LENGTH (ALSO BREADTH) IN KHAṆḌUKA (¼ RAJJU) ### [c10.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.45) HEIGHT ### [c10.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.46) PLATE IV : UNIVERSE IN JAIN CONCEPTION—B ### [c10.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.48) LENGTH (ALSO BREADTH) IN KHAṆḌUKA (¼ RAJJU) ### [c10.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.49) HEIGHT ### [c10.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.50) PLATE IV : UNIVERSE IN JAIN CONCEPTION—B ### [c10.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.51) NORTH ### [c10.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.52) LOKĀLOKA OR CAKRAVĀLA ### [c10.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.53) UTTARA-KURU ### [c10.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.54) ŚRṄGIN OR ŚRṄGAVAT ### [c10.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.55) HIRANMAYA ### [c10.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.56) ŚVETA ### [c10.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.57) RAMYAKA ### [c10.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.58) NĪLA ### [c10.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.59) KETUMĀLA ### [c10.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.60) MĀLYAVAT ### [c10.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.61) MERU OR ILĀVRTA ### [c10.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.62) MERU ### [c10.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.63) GANDHAMĀDANA ### [c10.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.64) BHADRĀŚVA ### [c10.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.65) NIṢADHA ### [c10.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.66) HARI ### [c10.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.67) HEMAKŪTA ### [c10.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.68) KIMPURUṢA ### [c10.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.69) HIMAVAT ### [c10.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.70) BHĀRATA ### [c10.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.71) SAMUDRA ### [c10.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.72) WEST ### [c10.73](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.73) EAST ### [c10.74](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.74) SOUTH ### [c10.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.75) PLATE V : JAMBU-DVĪPA IN PURANIC CONCEPTION ### [c10.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.76) PLATE VI : NAKṢATRA-CAKRA ### [c10.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.78) NORTH-WEST UTTAR-ĀṢĀḌHĀ ŚRAVAṆA DHANIṢṬHĀ ### [c10.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.79) NORTH ŚATABHIṢA UTTARA-BHĀDRAPADA PŪRVA-BHĀDRAPADA ### [c10.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.80) NORTH-EAST REVATĪ AŚVINĪ BHARAṆĪ ### [c10.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.81) WEST JYEṢṬHĀ MŪLA PŪRV-ĀṢĀḌHĀ ### [c10.82](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.82) KRTTIKĀ ROHIṆĪ MRGAŚIRĀ ### [c10.83](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.83) ĀRDRĀ PUNARVASU PUṢYĀ EAST ### [c10.84](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.84) SOUTH-WEST SVĀTĪ VIŚĀKHĀ ANURĀDHĀ ### [c10.85](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.85) UTTARA-PHALGUNĪ HASTĀ CITRĀ ### [c10.86](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.86) SOUTH AŚLEṢĀ MAGHĀ PŪRVA-PHALGUNĪ ### [c10.87](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.87) SOUTH-EAST ### [c10.88](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.88) PLATE VII : KŪRMA-CAKRA ### [c10.89](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.89) INDIAN ### [c10.90](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.geography.sircar-1967.c10.90) PAST & PRESENT ### 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