Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c18.s2: Maṇḍala I

Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c18.s2

Language: English

Maṇḍala I

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| | | | | Verses | Metrical notes | Lin-guistic |
| Period | Hymn | Metre | Deity | Tr. | Dim. | A | B | C | D | E | F | V | AV |

**N** | **A. I 1-11 [Kuśika]** | | | | | | | | | | | | | S | 1 | G | Agni | 27 | - | 2 | - | - | 4 | 1 | S | 2, 3¹ | " | Various² | 48 | 1 | 5 | - | 1 | - | 26 | 0 | *s* | 3 4-6 | Tr. G | Indra | 9 | - | 1 | - | - | 8 | 0 |

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| 4-9 | G | " | 180 | 4 | 12 | - | 2 | - | 73 | 10 |
| 10, 11 | An. | " | 80 | 1 | 4 | - | - | 1 | 41 | 3 |

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¹ 2 and 3 1-3, 7-12; 2 2, 7 Tr. G. ² 2 1-3 Vāyu, 4-6 Ind.-Vāyu, 7-9 MV.; 3 1-3 Aś., 7-9 VD., 10-12 Sarasvati.

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**N** | **B. I 12-23** | | | | | | | | | | | | | C | 12, 14 | G | Agni | 72 | - | 1 | - | 2 | - | 30 | 0 |

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| 13 | " | Āpriya | 36 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 8 | 3 |
| 15-23 15 | "¹ | Various² | 285 | - | 14 | - | 4 | - | 60 | 9 |

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* | 23 16-18 | " | Āpaḥ | 9 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 1 |
* | 19-24 | Various³ | ⁴ | 1 | 21 | - | - | 3 | 1 | 1 | 14 |

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¹ 22 11 Tr. G. ² 15 VD.; 16 I.; 17 I.-Var.; 18 1-5 Bṛh., 6-9 Sadaspati; 19 Agni-Marutaḥ; 20 Ṛbhavaḥ; 21 I.-A.; 22 1-4 Aś., 5-8 Sav., 9-12 Gnāḥ, 13-15 DP., 16-21 Viṣ.; 23 1-3 I.-Vāyu, 4-6 MV., 7-9 I.-Mar., 10-12 Mar., 13-15 Pūṣ. ³ 19 Pur., 20 An., 21 G.; 22-24 Epic An. ⁴ 22-24 Charm.

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**S** | **C. I 24-30** | | | | | | | | | | | | |
* | 24 1, 2 | Tr. | Agni | 8 | - | - | - | 2 | - | 0 | 0 |

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| 3-5, etc.¹ | G | Various¹ | 162 | 6 | 20 | - | 1 | - | 60 | 5 |

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* | 6-15 | Tr. | Varuna | 40 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 11 |

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| 27 etc.² | Tr. G | Agni³ | 36 | 1 | 2 | - | - | 19 | 0 |

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C | 13, 30 16 | App. Tr. | Devāḥ⁴ | 8 | 1 | - | 3 | - | 1 | 2 2 | " | 28 1-6 | An. | Ulūkhala | 22 | - | 4 | - | - | 1 | 0 10 | " | 7-9 | G | Vanaspati | 9 | - | - | - | 1 | - | 6 1 | " | 29 | P | Charm | 23 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 11 5 |

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¹ 24 3-5 Sav., 25 Var., 26, 27 7-9 Agni, 30 1-12 Indra, 17-19 Aś., 20-22 Uṣas: 30 10 Tr. G. ² 27 1-6, 10-12 and 30 13-15. ³ 30 13-15 Indra. ⁴ 30 16 Indra.

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**C** | **D. I 31-35** | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| 31 | J¹ | Agni | 72 | - | - | 2 | 6 | 1 | - | 33 9 |
| 32 | Tr. | Indra | 60 | - | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 10 |

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¹ 31 8, 16, 18 Tr. ² 34 9, 12 Tr. ³ 35 1, 9 J.

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*n* | 33 | " | " | 60 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 13 9 |

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| 34 | J² | Aśvinā | 48 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 15 4 |
| 35 | Cont. Tr.³ | Savitar | 44 | 1 | - | - | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 8 |

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M A Ṇ D A L A I, continued.

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| | | | | Tr. | Dim. | A | B | C | D | E | F | Lingu. |
| S | **E. I 36-43: Kaṇva** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| *a* | 36, 39, 40 | BS | Agni, etc.¹ | 57 | 90 | 12 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 2 | – | 54 | 5 |
| | 37, etc.² | G | Various ² | | 144 | 4 | 20 | | 2 | – | 52 | 12 |
| | 38 7-9, etc.³ | Tr. G | " | | 28 | 1 | 2 | | | | 12 | 3 |

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¹ 39 Mar., 40 Brhasp. ² 37, 38 1-6 (2 Tr. G.), 10-15 Mar., 41 1-6 MVA., 42 Pūsan, 43 1-6 Rudra. ³ 38 7-9 Mar., 41 7-9 MVA., 43 7-9 Soma.

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| S | **F. I 44-50: Kaṇva** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 44, 47, 48 | BS | Agni, etc.¹ | 60 | 100 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 13 | 3 | – | 47 | 3 |
| | 45, 49 | An. | " ² | | 56 | – | 1 | | 1 | 1 | 18 | 0 |
| | 46 | G | Aśvinā | | 45 | 3 | 8 | | – | 2 | 16 | 1 |
| C | 50 1-9 | " | Sūrya | | 27 | 1 | – | | – | 2 | 7 | 0 |
| * | 10-13 | Epic An. | Charm | | 16 | – | – | | – | 1 | 1 | 4 |

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¹ 47 Aś., 48 Uṣas. ² 49 Uṣas.

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| | **G. I 51-57: Indra collection** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| C | 51-54 | J¹ | Indra | 208 | | 2 | – | 10 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 121 | 5 |
| S | 55-57 | " | " | 80 | | 3 | 10 | 18 | – | 2 | – | 48 | 3 |

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¹ 51, 53 2 fin. st., 52 13, 15, and 54 6, 8, 9, 11 Tr.

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| A | **H. I 58-64: Gotama Nodhas** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 58, 60 | J¹, Tr. | Agni | 56 | | 11 | 3 | 3 | 4 | – | – | 44 | 0 |
| N | 59 | Tr. | Agni Vaiś. | 28 | | 1 | – | 4 | 3 | – | – | 14 | 0 |
| | 61 | Gautami | Indra | 63 | | 19 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 56 | 4 |
| | 62, 63 | Tr. | " | 86 | | 35 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 1 | – | 83 | 5 |
| *n* | 64 | Jt. | Marutaḥ | 59 | | 2 | – | – | 4 | – | – | 35 | 3 |

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¹ 58 7-9 Tr.

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| N | **K. I 65-73: Agni collection** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 65-70 | Pentad | Agni | 122 | | 4 | 1 | – | – | – | – | 110 | 9 |
| | 71-73 | Tr. | " | 120 | | 3 | 1 | 5 | 9 | – | – | 89 | 8 |

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| S | **L. I 74-93: Gotama** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 74, etc.¹ | G | Agni | | 73 | 5 | 2 | | | – | – | 29 | 3 |
| *a* | 76, etc.² | Tr. | " | 52 | | 10 | – | 9 | 5 | – | – | 35 | 0 |
| " | 79 4-6, etc.³ | Lyric ³ | Various ³ | 12 | 32 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 26 | 2 |
| *n* | 80, etc.⁴ | P | Indra | | 150 | 3 | 3 | | 2 | 2 | 45 | 6 |
| | 82 6, etc.⁵ | J ⁵ | " ⁵ | 136 | | 10 | 8 | 14 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 44 | 12 |
| | 84 1-6 | An. | " | | 24 | 1 | 2 | | 1 | – | 7 | 2 |
| | 84 13-15, 86 | G | I., Mar. | | 45 | – | 5 | | – | – | 21 | 3 |
| * | 16-18 | Tr. | " | 12 | | – | – | | 5 | – | – | 2 | 5 |
| A | 88 | Un.lyric⁶ | Marutaḥ | 20 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | – | – | – | 17 | 1 |
| * | 89 10 | App. Tr. | Cosmogony | 4 | | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| *n* | 90 1-5 | Tr. G | VD | | 15 | – | 1 | | 1 | – | 4 | 0 |
| " | 6-8, etc.⁷ | G | " ⁷ | | 42 | – | – | | – | – | 12 | 3 |
| * | 9 | Epic An. | " | | 4 | – | – | | – | – | 0 | 0 |
| *n* | 91 1-4, etc.⁸ | Tr.⁷ | Soma ⁸ | 88 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 43 | 6 |
| * | 93 1-3 | Epic An. | Ag.-Soma | | 12 | – | – | | – | – | 4 | 1 |
| * | 4-8, 12 | Cont. Tr. | " | 24 | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 7 | – | 2 | 4 | 4 |
| * | 9-11 | G | " | | 9 | – | – | | – | – | 4 | 0 |

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¹ 74, 75, 78, 79 7-12. ² 76, 77, 79 1-3. ³ 79 4-6 (Usn.) to Agni; 84 7-9 (Dim. Uṣ.), 19, 20 (BS.) to Indra; 92 13-15 (Uṣ.) to Uṣas, 16-18 (Uṣ.) to Aś. ⁴ 80-82 5, 84 10-12. ⁵ 82 6, 83 Indra; 85 (5, 12 Tr.), 87 Mar.; 89 1-9 (6, 8, 9 Tr.) VD. ⁶ See § 244 i. ⁷ 90 6-8 VD., 91 5-15 Soma. ⁸ 91 1-4, 16-18 (16 G., 17 Uṣ.), 19-21, 22, 23 to Soma; 92 1-4 (J), 5-8, 9-12 to Uṣas.

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MAṆḌALA I, continued.

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| | | Tr. | Dim. | A | B | C | D | E | F | Lingu. |
| **C** | **M. I 94–115 [Kutsa]** | | | | | | | | | |
| | 94–99¹ | Tr.² | Agni³ | 137 | | 2 | 4 | 2 | 30 | 3 | – | 47 15 |
| * | 97 | G | ” | | 19 | – | 6 | | | 1 | – | 0 2 |
| | 100–103 | Tr.⁴ | Indra | 170 | | 5 | 2 | 12 | 22 | 9 | – | 67 15 |
| A | 104 | ” | ” | 36 | | 8 | 3 | 4 | 4 | – | – | 16 3 |
| | 105 | An.⁵ | ” | 3 | 74 | 2 | 5 | | | | – | 24 15 |
| | 106–111 | J, Tr.⁶ | Various⁶ | 155 | | 2 | 4 | 10 | 30 | 4 | 3 | 61 14 |
| | 112–114 | ” ⁷ | ” ⁸ | 198 | | 2 | 7 | 9 | 34 | 8 | 4 | 70 12 |
| | 115 | Tr. | Sūrya | 22 | | 1 | – | – | 1 | 4 | – | 2 5 |

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¹ except 97.

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² 94 J (2 fin. st. Tr.).

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³ 98 A. Vaiś., 99 A. Jāt.

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⁴ 101 1–7 J, 8–11 Tr.; 102 J.

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⁵ with refrain,

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⁶ 8 Brh. with refrain, 19 Tr. 6 106 Jt., 107 Tr. to VD.; 108, 109 Tr. to I.-Agni; 110 Cont. J (5, 9 Tr.), 111 Jt. to Rbhavaḥ.

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⁷ 112 J (2 fin. st. Tr.); 113 Tr.; 114 Cont. J (2 fin. st. Tr.).

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⁸ 112 Aś.; 113 Uṣas; 114 Rudra.

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| | **N. I 116–126 [Pajra]** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| N | 116, 117 | Tr. | Aśvinā | 200 | | 5 | 4 | 48 | 33 | 12 | 4 | 77 22 |
| ” | 118, 119 | Tr., J | ” | 84 | | – | 1 | 8 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 51 7 |
| A | 120 1–9 | Un.lyric¹ | ” | 19 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 1 |
| * | 10–12 | G | Dānastuti | | 9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0 2 |
| A | 121, 122 | Tr. | Indra, VD | 120 | | 29 | 6 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 99 5 |
| C | 123–126 5 | Tr.² | Various³ | 152 | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 33 9 |
| * | 126 6, 7 | Epic An. | Dānastuti | | 8 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 1 |

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¹ See § 244 ii.

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² 125 4, 5 J.

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³ 123, 124 Uṣas; 125–126 5 Dānastuti.

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| **A** | **O. I 127–139 [Divodāsa]** | | | | | | | | | | | |
| A | 127 | Atyaṣṭi | Agni | 33 | 45 | 26 | 16 | 7 | 1 | 2 | – | 50 1 |
| s | 128 | ” | ” | 24 | 32 | 3 | 3 | 6 | – | 1 | – | 30 1 |
| A | 129 | ” | Indra | 31 | 46 | 21 | 10 | 2 | 2 | 2 | – | 47 0 |
| s | 130–132 | ” ¹ | ” | 70 | 88 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 1 | – | 93 4 |
| * | 133 1–5 | Mixed² | Charm | 4 | 15 | – | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | 1 12 |
| A | 6, 7 | Atyaṣṭi | Indra | 6 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | – | – | – | 6 1 |
| ” | 134, 135 | ” | Vāyu | 47 | 56 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 61 3 |
| N | 136–139 | ” ³ | Various⁴ | 69 | 97 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 78 6 |

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¹ 130 18 Tr.

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² 133 1 Tr., 2–4 Epic An., 5 G.

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³ 136 7 Tr.; 139 5 B., 11 Tr.

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⁴ 136, 137 MV., 138 Pūṣan, 139 VD.

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For the following variations of Atyaṣṭi see Ch. ix, App.; 127 6 (No. 88); 129 8, 9 (Nos. 81, 80); 133 6 (No. 85); 135 7, 8 (No. 74); 137 (No. 77).

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MĀṆḌALA I, continued.

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| | | | | Tr. | Dim. | A | B | C | D | E | F | Lingu. |
| S | P. I 140-164: Māmateya | | | | | | | | | | | |
| C | 140, 146 | J, Tr.¹ | Agni | 72 | | 3 | – | 2 | 19 | – | 2 | 29 9 |
| | 141, 144 | J² | ,, | 80 | | 5 | 2 | 7 | 7 | 3 | – | 54 6 |
| C | 142 | An. | Āpriya | | 52 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 19 3 |
| C | 143 | Jt. | Agni | 32 | | 1 | – | – | 4 | – | 1 | 17 0 |
| | 145 | Cont. J | ,, | 20 | | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | 3 3 |
| a | 147-149 | Tr.³ | ,, | 55 | | 11 | 3 | 5 | 3 | – | – | 33 1 |
| | 150 | Un.lyric⁴ | ,, | 3 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | 2 | – | 6 0 |
| | 151-153 | Tr.⁵ | MV | 80 | | 3 | 8 | 10 | 5 | 1 | – | 52 2 |
| | 154-156 | J⁶ | Viṣṇu | 68 | | 4 | 1 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 25 1 |
| C | 157 | ,,⁷ | Aśvinā | 24 | | – | 1 | – | 4 | – | – | 7 1 |
| | 158 1-5 | Tr. | ,, | 20 | | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | – | – | 16 1 |
| | 6 | An. | | | 4 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | 1 0 |
| C | 159, 160 | J | DP | 40 | | 1 | – | – | 8 | – | – | 18 1 |
| * | 161 | Jt. | Rbhavah | 56 | | 1 | – | 6 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 6 29 |
| * | 162, 163 | Tr.⁸ | [Ritual] | 139 | 1 | 1 | – | 6 | 24 | 1 | 21 | 12 54 |
| * | 164 | Cont.Tr.⁹ | | 202 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 27 | 5 | 20 | 9 72 |

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¹ 140 10 and 2 fin. st. Tr.; 146 5 J.

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² 141 2 fin. st. Tr.

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³ 149 Virāj.

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⁴ see § 242 ii.

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⁵ 151 J.

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⁶ 154 Tr.

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⁷ 157 2 fin. st. Tr.

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⁸ 162 Cont. Tr. (3, 6 J).

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⁹ 164 42 11. 11. 8. 8, 51 Epic An.

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| A | Q. I 165-191: Māna | | | | | | | | | | | |
| s | 165, 166, 171 | Tr.¹ | Ind.-Mar.² | 139 | | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 2 | – | 63 6 |
| | 167-169 | Tr.¹ | ,, | 108 | | 31 | 6 | 15 | 7 | – | 5 | 77 3 |
| * | 170 | EpicAn.³ | ,, | 5 | 15 | 2 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – 6 |
| | 172 | G | Marutaḥ | | 9 | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 1 |
| | 173, 174 | Tr. | Indra | 90 | | 43 | 10 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 68 1 |
| | 175, 176 | An.⁴ | ,, | 4 | 39 | 8 | 3 | 1 | – | 1 | – | 29 2 |
| | 177 | Tr. | ,, | 19 | | 1 | – | 2 | 3 | 1 | – | 9 3 |
| | 178 | ,, | ,, | 19 | | 5 | – | 2 | 4 | – | 1 | 15 0 |
| * | 179 | ,,⁵ | [Agastya] | 21 | 3 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 | 2 11 |
| | 180, 181 | ,,⁶ | Aśvinā | 74 | | 12 | 3 | 13 | 3 | – | 3 | 57 1 |
| c | 182 | J⁷ | ,, | 31 | | – | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 11 7 |
| s | 183-185 | Tr. | ,,⁸ | 82 | | 5 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 6 | – | 44 5 |
| | 186 | ,, | VI⁹ | 43 | | 16 | 2 | 5 | 2 | – | – | 25 4 |
| | 187 | G⁹ | | | 37 | 5 | 6 | – | – | – | – | 15 3 |
| C | 188 | ,, | Āpriya | | 33 | 2 | – | – | 1 | – | – | 2 4 |
| s | 189, 190 | Tr. | Agni, | 62 | | 7 | 2 | 7 | 5 | – | – | 40 4 |
| | | | Brhasp. | | | | | | | | | |
| * | 191 | EpicAn.¹⁰ | Charm | 69 | | 1 | 3 | | 4 | 3 | | 5 40 |

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Ṛgvedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit