[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Literature, language and dating](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature) › [Vedic Metre in its Historical Development](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905) › c19.s2 # Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s2: Maṇḍala II Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s2 - **Language:** English ### Maṇḍala II ### [c19.s2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.1) \[The collection as a whole is of the normal period, and the metre is very regular, Jagatī being prominent. The few archaic hymns, such as 4, 11, 19, 20, 22, 41 16-18 seem to represent the original collection of the Gṛtsamada family. See § 109 ii.\] ### [c19.s2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.2) ¹ 1b adbhíḥ; 7d probably dáma á as in 8a, § 151 iii; ta ávidhat, § 169 vi; 8d no caesura, § 214; 13a aadityásaḥ, § 150; 14c suadanta, § 145 vi. 2. 1a Rest at the fourth place, yet strange in this hymn: vardhatā; 2d bhaasi, § 142 iii a; 7b śrútiai; 9b pipáya: bṛhádiveṣu, § 178; 11a sahasia. 3. 3c vahā: extended Triṣṭubh verse; 6a sādhū, §§ 160 i, 173 iii; 6b vayíe 'va; 6c catalectic verse; 11b ū; 11c vahā. 4. 1a -diótmanam, § 151 ii; 2a apáam; 2d probably deván as gen. pl. (cf. vi 11 3b, 51 2b), and jīrá-aśvaḥ; 3b Rest at the fourth place: kṣeṣiántaḥ; 4a suyávaseva, § 151 iii; 5d Rest at the fifth place; 6a perhaps taṛṣāná, § 169 iii; 6b probably svaniṣṭa, § 151 iii; 6c kṛṣṇá-adhvā; 6d diaúḥ; 7b suayúḥ; 8b Rest at the fourth place; 8d su-apatyám: hybrid verse; 9c Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.3) ⁵ 7a suáḥ suáya. 6. 1c ū śú; 5b anarváṇam, § 170 ii c; 7c jányo 'va. \*8. 6a Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence: see p. 42. 9. 2a ū; 2d dídiat; 5a vasavyám, § 135; 5d kṛdhí: su-apatyásya. 10. 2d áruṣā (dual) with hiatus; 5a prati-áñcam. ### [c19.s2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.4) 11. For the metre see § 250 i; 1d, 2b Triṣṭubh verses; 2c perhaps ámartaṃ; 3a ít should probably be omitted: nú; 3b rudríyeṣu ca requires emendation, the omission of ca being the first step; 4c probably omit indra; 5c utá: tastambhuáṃsam, § 145 ii c; 6a as 4c; 6b stavā, § 151 iii; 7b asvaríṣṭam, § 151 iii; 7d Rest at the fourth place; 8d Triṣṭubh verse; 9d, 10b Triṣṭubh openings; 10d Rest at the fifth place; 12b Triṣṭubh verse; 13c as 9d; 15a vyántu ín nú; 15c double Rest; 17a omit ít; 17b as 9d; 17c priṇánā; 17d yáhí: Pentad verse; 19a, 20a as 9d; 21 concluding verse borrowed from ii 19. ### [c19.s2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.5) ¹² 4c jigiván, § 178; 5c sá 'ryáh; 5d dhattá; 7c uṣásam, § 170 ii a. 13. 1a tásīāḥ, § 146 i; 4b rayím 'va; 8d adyá; 9a á 'diaḥ, § 145 iii; 13a vasu, § 170 ii f; 13b vasavyám, § 135. The last stanza properly belongs to 14. 1d juhótā; 2b aśānī 'va, § 139 iii; 2c bharatā; 3d ūṛṇutā; 5b, 5c Rests at the fourth place; 11b kṣámia. 15. 5c utsnáyā; 7a Rest at the fourth place. 16. 5a catalectic verse. 17. 5d secondary caesura, § 213 ii: dyáam; 6c perhaps śayádhiai, § 146 ii; 6d on ávṛṇak see § 169 vi; 8d kṛdhí. 18. 1a perhaps read náva ayoji; 2b utá tritíyam; 2d sá. The cadence is probably, but not certainly, that of Jagatī, cf. i 140 2c; 3c má sú; 4a duábhyaṃ; 5b hypersyllabic opening, § 217; 5d á ṣaṣṭiá; 5d, 6a perhaps saptatī, navatī, cf. § 139 iii; 7c vihávia; 8c jyáyisṭhe; 8d jigiván, § 178. ### [c19.s2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.6) ¹⁹ 1b svánāsya, § 140 iii: Virāṭsthānā verse; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 3d perhaps áhnaam; 4a sá; 5a requires emendation; 5b probably sátvā, § 178; 7b perhaps śravasiá, § 151 ii. 20. 1a sú; 1c dídhiataḥ; 1d no caesura, § 214; 2a Rest at the fourth place, if we read tuábhiḥ: but more probably a double Rest, cf. § 226 iv; 2b -pāḥ asi with Sandhi, § 130 ii; 2c Virāṭsthānā verse; 2d Rest at the fourth place; 3a double Rest of an irregular type, § 227 iii c; 3b narāam; 5a sá; 5c uṣásaḥ, § 170 ii; 5c sátvā, § 178; 6d Virāṭsthānā verse; 7b dáasiḥ (§ 151 i) is here unlikely; 8a tavasyàm; a change of accent is probably required, § 135; 8b Gautamī verse; 8d hatví is suspicious in so early a hymn: by restoring ghnán the metre becomes correct: but see §§ 130 i, 219. ### [c19.s2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.7) ²² For the metre see Ch. ix, App. Nos. 87, 79 and 84. ### [c19.s2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.8) ²³ 2a asuríya; 7b mártiaḥ, § 151 iii; 8a tanúnaam; 9b vásū (plur.); 13a catalectic verse; 14c kṛṣvā. 24. 4a áśmāsiām; 5a bhávituā; 5b perhaps insert vi before dúraḥ; 6d ū; 14b kármā, probably plural. 25. 3a śímivān; 5b śármā. 26. 2a vihī; 4a ávidhat, § 169 vi; 4c rákṣati, § 175 i. 27. 4c asuryám, § 135; 6c probably āditiáḥ; 10c rāsvā; 13a suyávasa; 15d sādhú, with -ū of dual shortened before a vowel, § 174 i c; 16d the verse seems to require rearrangement, as uráv áriṣṭaḥ śárman á siāma. 28. 6a ápa sú: bhyásam, § 151 iii; 7b bhriṇánti. 29. 1a áadityāḥ; 5a mimayā. ### [c19.s2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.9) ³⁰ 1c yaati, § 142 iii a; 5a kṣipā; 9b abhikhyáyā; 10b vīryà (y cons.), § 135 a; 10c jiók; 11d śrútia. 31. 1d hṛ́sivant; 4c bṛhadivā; 5b apijú, see § 167 v; 5c pṛthivī; 7c irregular double Rest (§ 227 iii c) requiring emendation. 32. 1d vasuyú, § 168 iii; \*5b, \*5d catalectic verses; \*7c viśpátniai. ### [c19.s2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.10) ³³ 1d here and often rudarā, a form probably invented by the poet, see § 149 ii; 4c arpayā; 7d abhí nú; 8c for the caesura see § 213 ii; 9d asuryám; 13c ávṛṇita, § 175 i. 34. 3a, 13c átia only in ### [c19.s2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.11) this hymn and Maṇḍala ix, § 151 ii: 3d \*yāthā\*. 35. 5a \*avyathiáya\*; 6a \*svàr\*, § 135, but perhaps rather extended Triṣṭubh verse; 7b \*pipāya\*; 7c, 13c \*sá ’pám\* with Sandhi. 36. 1a extended Pentad verse, § 227 iii \*a\*: like 24 5b above, it calls for emendation. ### [c19.s2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.12) 37. 1c \*bharatā\*; 3c \*abhígūríā\*. 38. 5a \*dúria\*; 7a \*ápia\*; 9c \*ná\* ‘not’ with hiatus; 10b \*gnáaspáti\*, § 142 i. 39. 1a \*grávāṇā ’va\* with Sandhi, and so frequently in this hymn; 3c \*vástav usrā́h\*, § 170 ii e. 41. 3a \*adyā́\*; 3b \*índrā-vāyū\*; 4a perhaps \*mitra varuṇa\*; 5c \*āsate\*; 7a \*sú, naasatyā\*; 7b \*ásvavat\*; 8a \*ná\* ‘not’ with hiatus; 10b \*abhí\*, § 167 iii; 12a \*ásābhiāḥ\*; 16a \*ámbītame\* is probable, § 166 ii; 16b \*dévītame\* as 16a; 17b \*devíām\*; 17c \*matsuā\*; 18a \*bráhmā\* (plur.); 18c \*mánmā\*. \*42. 3a \*krandā\*. \*43. 2b \*brahmaputró ’va\*; 2c hybrid verse: \*apítīā\*. ## Linked texts (1) - [Ṛgvedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.rg.6.11.3) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2) · Pramāṇa