Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s4: Maṇḍala IV

Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s4

Language: English

Maṇḍala IV

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[This Maṇḍala is also of a homogeneous character, except so far as the metrical standard varies between those of the strophic and normal periods. Lyric verse is rare. See § 109 i.]

¹ For the metres of stanzas 1-3 see Ch. ix, App. Nos. 75, 62 and 83; 1e janatā; 2a hypersyllabic verse, § 224, unless agne be omitted, § 152 i: vavṛtsuā; 2c jyáyisṭham; 3a vavṛtsuā; 5c yakṣvā; 5d mṛḷíkám; 7d probably ariáḥ, § 151 ii; 9c dúria; 10d diaúḥ; 12d for the Sandhi see § 127 b; 13a manuṣyàḥ (y cons.), § 135 a; 15b gáaḥ, § 142 ii; 17b devíáḥ; 17d ṛjú (plur.); 19c Rest at the fifth place; 20a, 20b víśveṣaam.

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² 1c mahinā, § 151 ii; 2d the verse as it stands has a Rest at the fifth place and a long ninth syllable: but śukrán should probably be corrected; 4d ū, vahā; 5a the cadence becomes regular if yajñáḥ and aśví are interchanged; 7d daásvān, § 142 v; 8d dāśuáṃsam; 10c hótārā, § 149 iii; 11c su-apat-; 12b dúria; 12c dṛśia; 13c bharā; 18c mártānaam; 19c sucandrá; 19d caesura after third syllable.

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³ 3b sumṛḷíkāya in spite of the metre, § 178; 4a sámiai; 5d Gautamī verse; 6c náasatyāya: yakṣé, A. Ludwig; 6d probably a Gautamī verse, as 5d, rather than with rudaráya: but see § 149 ii; 9d probably Rest at the fifth place: pipāya; 11b Pentad verse; 12c Gautamī verse; 13b má for má before vowel; 13d Pentad or Gautamī verse: 14b Rest at the fifth place: priṇánáḥ; 14c rujā; 16a túbhya; 16b niṇiá, § 151 ii.

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⁴ 1c Rest at the fifth place: druṇánáḥ; 1d vídhya is probable; 2d, 3a sṛjā; 8b sám devátātā, H. Oldenberg; 12d paantu is doubtful, on account of the rhythm; 13d ná ha, § 175 ii; 14b asíama, § 147 i; 14c sūdayā. 5. 2a máhya; 5a viántaḥ; 5d ajanata, § 175 i; 14c ihá,

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§ 175 ii. 6. 1a sú; 2c perhaps ūrdhuám; 3c navajāáh, § 142 i; 4c paśupááh ib.; 6d tanūí, § 158 iv; 9b ṛju-áñcaḥ; 9d ahuanta, § 142 iii. 7. 1c perhaps virūrucúḥ, § 169 ii; 11a tṛṣū, probably plural, cf. § 160 i; 11d caesura after the third syllable. 8. 2a véda: perhaps vásūdhiti, § 166 iv; 6b sasanvámśaḥ. 9. 1a mṛḷá; 2c víśveṣaam; 3a sádmā (plur.); 4b utá.

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10. For the metre see § 249 iii; 1d ṛdhiāma, § 147 i; 4c perhaps daśema, § 178. 11. 2d rāsvā. 12. 6c evá. 15. 7a catalectic verse; 9a, 10a deva with -ā shortened before vowel, § 174 i a. 16. 11b hárioḥ and probably īśānaḥ, § 178; 11c gádhia; 12c mṛṇā; 15a Rest at the fifth place: vasuyántaḥ, § 168 iii; 20b probably Rest at the fifth place; 21a nú ū.

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17. 1a túbhya; 1c Rest at the fifth place; 15a extra verse belonging to 14. *18. 2a durgáham etád with Sandhi, § 130 iv; 2d tuena twice; 4c nahí nú; 5a avadyám 'va; 11b tuā. 19. 4b váar, § 151 i; 5b extended Triṣṭubh. 20. 1a the resolution duurát (§ 151 i) is improbable: dūrát and índraḥ may well be interchanged; 4a ū śú; 4c páaḥ; 5b śíṇia; 6b evá.

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21. This hymn contains several Virāṭsthānā verses, which are unusual in this Maṇḍala: namely 6c, 7a, 7c, 10a; 1d diaúḥ; 2a stavathā; 5c Rest at the fifth place, unless we transfer á to the beginning of this verse; 6a yádī; 8b apáam; 9a súkṛtā, dual with Sandhi. 22. 3a devá || -tamaḥ; 3b mahábhiḥ, § 178; 3d diáam; 4b diaúḥ; 7b irregular break; 9d jahí. 23. 6b bhrátarám, § 149 iii. 25. 1a adyá: Rest at the fourth place; 2b vástav.

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²⁶ 4a sú; 4b caesura after the third syllable; 5a yádī. The violent disturbance of the metre which extends from 6b to 7a must be due to some corruption of the text. The original may have run somewhat as follows: parávataḥ śakunó mádhumantam | sómam bharad devávān dāḍrhāṇó | divá ādáya úttarāmāt || ādáyā sómam abharac chienáḥ: for devávān see § 168 ii, for śienáḥ § 145 vi; 7d Pentad verse. 27. 3b yádī; 3c jyám with y consonant stands here alone in the Rigveda proper, § 140 iii; 4a índravataḥ, § 168 ii. 28. 3c krátuā is probable, but very rare, § 151 ii; 3d śáruā, § 139 v; 5d perhaps kṣáaḥ, § 142 i: tāṭrdāná, § 169 iii.

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²⁹ There are many irregularities in the break, namely in 1d, 2c, 3a, 3d, 4c. 30. 3a tuā; 3b perhaps yūyudhuḥ, § 169 iii; 8d extra verse; 9b catalectic verse; 14a irregular cadence; 20b āsiat; 24d extra verse. 31. 3a abhí śú; 4a probably abhí, § 167 iii; 4a vavṛtsuā; 5b ha, § 175 ii; 6c tvé; 7a tvám, long fifth syllable; 11a ihá, § 175 ii: vṛṇiṣuā. 32. 3a long seventh syllable; 4b tuā; 6a bhūyáma sú tuávataḥ; 10c abhítīā; 14b matsuā; 23a kanīnaké 'va; 23c śobhate, § 170 i.

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³³ 7a duádaśa; 10a caesura after the third syllable: but, as this is strange in this hymn, we may perhaps read yé medháya hári ukthá. 34. 1d agmata, § 175 i; 3d agriyáḥ utá combined, § 130 ii; 4c píbatā; 4d see § 178; 6d pātā. 35. 2d vicakrá, § 158 i; 5a śácīā 'kartā; 5b, 5c śácya 'kartā. 36. 4a cakrā, § 158 i; 8a dhiṣáṇābhiaḥ. 37. 4b Virāṭsthānā verse; 7b citana, § 159 iii; 8b násatiā, § 150 ii; 8d śastā.

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³⁸ 1a utá, § 171 iv: dātará, § 149 iii; 1c kṣetrásāam, § 142 i; 4a gádhia; 5d ca ácchā; 6b śráyiṇibhiḥ. 39. 2d perhaps tárutram,

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§ 169 v; 4d perhaps índaram, § 149 i; *6c surabhí (plur.). 40. 1a nú; 2c Rest at the fifth place; 4c -távituat, §§ 151 ii, 169 iv; 5b vedíṣad, § 166 ii.

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41. 2d mahábhiḥ; 3a dháyisṭhā; 3b śaśamānébhiaḥ; 5b vṛṣabhá 'va; 10a ráthia; 11b índrā...varuṇā, cf. § 166 i. 42. 1a rāṣṭarám, § 149 iii; 1b perhaps aríah, § 151 ii; 1c perhaps candrá (instr.), § 84 A 1; 1d yāhí; 3a vásūdhitiḥ, § 166 iv. 50. 2c Pentad verse; 11a indara. 51. 2a ū; 2c duárā, § 145 vi; 10c śionát. 52. 2a citra with -ā shortened; 4a tuā.

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55. 1b trásithām, § 170 i; 4c ū; 5b probably avari, § 151 ii; 5c páat; 6b ápia; 6c extended Triṣṭubh verse; 8a vasavyásya; 8c asmábhya. 56. 1a: the latter part reads pṛthivíhā jyáyisṭhe: for the Sandhi see § 128 ii; 3d śáciā; 4a perhaps bṛhábhiḥ, § 178; 6c ūhiáthe, § 147 i. *57. 5a juṣethām is probably a gloss; 6b tuā. *58. See p. 43; 3b dué; 5a hṛdía; 9a kanyàḥ (y cons.), § 135 a: or kaníāḥ 'va; 10c nayatā; 11d catalectic verse.

Linked texts (1)

Ṛgvedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit