Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s6: Maṇḍala VI

Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s6

Language: English

Maṇḍala VI

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[The original Bharadvāja collection was of the same metrical type as that of Gotama Nodhas, i 58–64, but of larger extent. Its general characteristics are described in § 106 iv. The archaic variations are most marked in the hymns 4, 10–13, 20, 24–26, and 63–68 8, but are also found to a smaller extent in many other hymns. The important lyric hymns 46 and 48 also belong to the original collection. Additions have been made at various times, and cannot always be clearly distinguished: but a considerable number, especially amongst the Agni hymns, shew the metrical type of the cretic period.]

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¹ 1c vṛṣann, § 177 iii; 3a vasavyáḥ, § 135; 9a sá; 9d tuótaḥ; 13d vásū. 2. 9a tiá; 11b ródasīyoḥ, § 173 ii; 11c vīhí. 3. 3d kútra; 4d, 6b caesura after third syllable; 6a vástav; 7b Virātsthānā verse; 8a yújia; 8b as 4d: suébhiḥ; 8c marútaam. 4. 2d Rest at the fifth place; 4b hiatus after -ā and -a; 4c perhaps tuám; 5a nátiktī; 8d Rest at the fourth place. 5. 2a tvé, puru-aṇīka; 6a kṛdhī. 6. 4b kṣáam. 8. 3c cármaṇi ’va; 5d vṛścá.

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¹⁰ 1b hypersyllabic verse, § 224, or omit agním, § 152 i; 3a pipáya; 4a Virātsthānā verse; 4b bhaasá, kṛṣṇá-adhvā: ádhā; 4c bahú cit, cf. § 160 i; 6d gádhia; 7a, 7b extra verses to stanza 6. 11. 1c náasatyā; 3a dhánia: irregular cadence; 3c caesura after the third syllable. 12. 2b, § 120; 4a sá with hiatus; 4c krátuā probably, § 151 ii; 5b see § 151 iii; 5d dhánuā, § 147; 6a double Rest, § 227 iii c; 6c yaasi: irregular cadence. 13. 1a tuát; 1c Virātsthānā verse; 3d apáam; 4d vasavyáḥ; 5d probably extended Triṣubh verse. 14. 2a, 3b catalectic verses: less probably ariáḥ in 3b, § 151 ii; 5c, 5d ávṛtaḥ, § 167 iv.

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¹⁵ 1a sú; 1d jiók: Bhārgavī verse, § 227 ii b; 3a bhuuḥ; 3d yacchā; 3e extra (dimeter) verse; 4a perhaps diótanam, cf. 20 8c; 6e extra verse; 8c mártiaśaḥ, § 151 iii; 9a ubháyā (neut. pl.); 12b ū: sahasávann, § 177 iii; 12d caesura after the third syllable; 13c devánaam; 14a hypersyllabic verse, § 224; 15c Rest at the fourth place; 15e extra verse; 16d nayā; 18a jániṣva; *19c asthūrí, § 159 iv. 16. 1b vísveṣaam; 2b heptasyllabic verse; 14a dadhiánn; 18b nemánaam; 22c árcā, gáyā; 26a śráyiṣṭhaḥ; 27a tuá-ūtāḥ; 33b yacchā; 42c sioné; 46a mártiaḥ, § 151 iii.

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¹⁷ 6b śáciā; 7b hybrid verse: but see § 130 iv; 7d Pentad verse; 9a sá, § 175 i; 10c requires correction, § 225; 12a Rest at the fourth place, but see § 151 i: 13b ajuriá (§ 151 ii) seems unlikely: hence irregular Rest, cf. § 227 iii b; 15a, 15b extra verses to 14. 18. 1d vardhā; 3c nú; 7a jánimā (plur.); 7b perhaps ámartena; 9c dhiṣvá; 12a read prá tuvidyumná- sthávirasya, § 152 ii. 19. 2a evá; 2d Virātsthānā verse; 3c yūthám ’va, § 129. 3d the position of the caesura is uncertain: perhaps indrābhi ‖ á vavṛtsu’ ajaú; 6a bharā; 7d jigiváṃsaḥ, tuótaḥ; 10b as 2d; 10d dháaḥ; 12c perhaps pṛthviám, § 151 iii; 13d tuótaḥ.

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²⁰ 1a dyaúḥ: bhúma with hiatus; 2b asuryám: Gautamī verse, § 226 iii b; 2d Virātsthānā verse; 3d puráam; 4a irregular cadence; 4d caesura after the third syllable; 6c as 2d; 7a Rest at the fourth place; 7b Rest at the fifth place; 7c probably Virātsthānā verse, but cf. §§ 149 iv, 151 i; 7d probably Virātsthānā verse, but cf. § 149 iii; 8c probably śaśvadíbham in one word; 10b long ninth syllable: the occurrence is not sufficient evidence of an adverb ená; 10d probably as 7a: but see § 151 i; 11a Virātsthānā verse (índra type); 11c -vāstuam; 13a as 11a; 13c túbhya.

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²¹ 2a Virātsthānā verse (índra type); 2b Virātsthānā verse; 3b vayúnāvat, cf. iv 51 1b; 6b śrútia; 6c as 2b; 6d evá, vidmá, tuá; 7c

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yújia; 8a as 2a; 8b as 2b; 8d á-iṣṭau, where á represents á. 22. 2a ū; 3d bharā; 6c Virāṭsthānā verse; 7a probably návyasīā, § 139 i; 9c dhiṣvá. 23. 5a vavána gives a hypersyllabic break, § 219: perhaps read vávna or véna; 6d kriyāsma: this form is suspicious in this hymn: perhaps karāma; 8a probably mándasva.

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²⁴ 2c narāám; 3a Rest at the fourth place; 3c nú; 4c vatsánaam; 5a adyā́; 5d pari-etá, -á being shortened before a vowel; 6d Pentad or Gautamī verse; 7d Gautamī verse, § 226 iii a: see also § 151 iii; 8b sátvā, § 178; 9c ūtī́, -ī́ being shortened, § 173: áriṣ-, § 167 iv; 10b Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type). 25. 1c sū́; 1d as 24 6d; 2a perhaps áriṣanyann, § 167 iv; 3a extended Triṣṭubh verse; 3c tuám eṣaam.

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²⁶ 1a Gautamī verse; 2b gádhia; 2c hypersyllabic verse, § 224, cf. 7c; 5c probably Virāṭsthānā verse: for possible dáasa see § 151 i; 7c tuáyā and as 2c: but see on stu, § 151 iii; 8b práyisṭhāh; 8c the last half of the verse is entirely unrhythmical: perhaps read kṣatra- astu -śráyiṣṭhaḥ with divided compound, cf. § 152 ii.

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²⁷ 3a nahī́ nú; 4a tiát; 5b probably a compound abhyāvartī-cāyamānāya, cf. 8c: see also § 151 iii; 7b sū́; 8b máhya. *28. 2b suám; 3d jiók; 6c kṛṇuthā́; 7a suyávasam; 7d rudarásya, § 149 ii. 29. 2b Rest at the fourth place; 2c irregular cadence; 5b tú; 6b ūtī́ with long final vowel, § 173 i.

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³⁰ 1a Rest at the fourth place; 1d ródasī ’bhé, § 128 ii; 2a asuryám; 2d possibly uruyā́, § 178; 3b ābhiaḥ; 4b jiáyān; 5a Rest at the fifth place. 31. 2a tuát: Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 3d áviver ápāṃsi; 4c śáciā; 4e extra verse; 5d śrávayā. 32. 4b mahābhíḥ, § 178.

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³³ 1a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 1b daásvān; 2b caesura after the third syllable; 2d tuotáḥ; 3d nṛṇáam; 4c Virāṭsthānā verse. 34. 1d uktha-arká. 35. 2a, 3a Virāṭsthānā verses (índra type). 36. 1d asuryám; 5a śrútia; 5b diaúḥ. 37. 2a prá ū with hiatus; 2b, 3c ŕjiantaḥ, § 151 ii. 38. 4b perhaps bráhmā (plur.). 39. 5b pinvā. 40. 1a túbhya; 2a pibā. 41. 5a probably Virāṭsthānā verse; 5d avā̄. 42. 3c véda.

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⁴⁴ 4a tiám ū̄; 4c viśvásāham, § 170 ii b, or rather viśvasāham; 7-9 for the metre see § 249 i; 7a, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 9b, 9d Pentad verses; 7b, 7c Gautamī verses; 9a Virāṭsthānā verse; 7c sasanván; 7d probably bhavat, giving a Pentad verse; 8c námā (plur.); 8d venyáḥ (y cons.); 9c kṛṇuhī or more probably kṛdhī, giving a Pentad verse; 10d tuā̄; 11d jahī́, § 173 i; 13b bharā̄; 14a purú plur., § 159 iv; 15a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 16a tiát: Virāṭsthānā verse, but see § 149 iii; 21c pipāya; 22c suásya.

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⁴⁵ 5b duáyoḥ; 7c gáam, § 142 ii; 9b jánānaam; 9c vṛhā́; 10b vājānaam; 16b kṛṣṭínāam; 17c mṛlayā́; 18a dhiṣvá; 19a rayīṇáam; 22a gāyā̄; 29b stoṭṛṇáam: catalectic verse; 31b asthaat.

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⁴⁶ 2c gáam, § 142 ii; 4a vṛṣabhó ’va, § 129 ii; 5d á ubhé: práaḥ; 8a druhyáv, § 170 ii e; 9c yacchā̄: máhya; 11b ava, § 175 ii; 11d perhaps -mūrdhanaḥ, § 170 ii c; 12b śármā; 12c yacchā̄: the latter part of the verse is very irregular: tanvè is not without parallels (§ 135 b), but on the whole a hybrid verse with long ninth syllable is more probable: cchadíḥ; 12d for dvéṣaḥ, dvíṣam should probably be restored.

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47. See p. 44; 1c utá nú; 2b yásya with hiatus; 2c perhaps cyautanā, § 149 iv; 3d yábhiaḥ; 6a pibā; 9a Virāṭsthānā verse (indra type); 9b śatāvan needs correction, perhaps to sahāvan for sahasāvan, cf. i 91 23b; 9c iṣāam; 10a mṛḷā: máhya; 10b codáyā; 14c probably urú, § 160 i; 16d manuṣyàn (y cons.), § 135 a; 17c -dhūnuānāḥ; 18c, 18d extended Triṣṭubh verses; 23a dás’ áśuān, § 145 ii b; 23c dāśa, catalectic verse; 24b gáaḥ, § 142 ii: irregular cadence; *28c sá imám; *29a śvāsayā; *29b, *30c extended Triṣṭubh verses; *31b Rest at the fourth place; *31c extended Pentad verse (§ 227 iii a), probably to be corrected.

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48. 4d vájam utá with Sandhi, § 130 iv: rásvā, vaṃsuā; 6e, 7e extra verses; 8a víśvāsaam; 8e, 15e extra verses; 16b nú; 17c requires correction, perhaps eváthā: see also § 151 i; 17d vayáḥ, § 151 i; 18a díter’va; 21a dyáam; 21e extra verse: jyáyisṭham. 49. 5c naasatya with Sandhi; 6b ápia; 7a citrá-āyuḥ; 8c candrá-agrāḥ; 11b gantā; 12c tanūí, § 158 iv; 15a nú; 15e extra verse.

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50. 4d áhuāma, § 142 iii b; 7b dhātā; 9c aratnaú (BR.): perhaps vratá á, cf. *i 24 15c, ii 28 2a, and for the metre i 60 4c, vii 42 4c; 13d díaúḥ; 15c gnáaḥ, § 142 i b; 15d bhuutā. 51. 2b deván, gen. pl., § 151 iii; 2c ṛjú (plur.); 2d Virāṭsthānā verse; less probably súuraḥ, § 151 i; 3a ū; 4a Virāṭsthānā verse; 5a diaúḥ; 7c kṣáyathā; 9b caesura after the third syllable; 10a śráyiṣṭha-, ū; 12d perhaps vasuyúḥ, § 168 iii.

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52. See p. 44; 5b nú; 14a see § 135: but perhaps yajñíyāsaḥ, and so as the next two verses; 14b, 14c hypersyllabic verses, § 224; 14b apáam. 53. 4b cinuhí; 5c, 6c, 7c asmábhya; 6b icchā; 7a rikhā; 8d extra verse. 54. 3c ná; 10a parástaat, § 151 i. 55. 3b, 4a ajáśua. 56. 6b úpāvasu is probable, § 166 vi a; 6d extra verse. 58. 2a ajáśua. 59. 2a vaam; 9b vásū (plur.).

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60. 1c vasavía exceptionally, § 151 ii; 4a heptasyllabic verse; 13a indra- with -ā shortened before vowel, cf. § 174 i a: also -agni, § 174 i b; 13c iṣāam; 14b vasavyaíḥ, § 135. 61. 2b sánū (plur.); 3c, 10b catalectic verses; 11b urú is unlikely, § 160 i; 13b anyáḥ acc. pl. 62. 6a adbhiáḥ.

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63. 1a -hūta, § 174 i a; 1c náasatya; 1d práyisṭhāḥ; 2b Pentad verse; 2c Virāṭsthānā verse with irregular cadence, perhaps requiring correction; 2d ná ‘not’ with hiatus; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse; 3d a-añjan, § 121 c: cf. vii 79 4d, and a-arkṣá, a-ūrva-, § 151 i; 4c Rest at the fourth place; 7a perhaps áśuāsaḥ, § 151 ii; 8a purū- purū- bhujā, § 160 i; dayiṣṇám; 8c mādhūí; 9c daat; 10b áśvānaam; 10c vīra, see § 174 ii; 11a extra verse to stanza 10.

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64. 2a perhaps uruyá; 4c vahā; 5a sá á vahā yá probably, sá and yá having the vowels shortened. 65. 1a siá; 3c maghávaníḥ or maghávaníḥ; 3d dhātā; 4d smā; 5a Rest at the fifth place.

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66. 1c pipáya; 2b duíḥ; 3b ca ū nú: Virāṭsthānā verse; 3c Pentad or Gautamī verse; 3d sá it; 5c probably read ayáaso mahimná, § 151 i, iii; 6d Pentad verse; 8b ávathā; 9c, 10c Rests at the fifth place. 67. 1a satáam; 1c raśmá’va; 1d duá: jánā dual with hiatus; 4c possibly mahánā or maháā, § 178; 6d á atān, dyáam; 8c ghṛtaanna, § 174 i a; 9a spuurdhán, § 151 i; 9b dhámā (plur.); 9d ápia; 10a Virāṭsthānā verse; 10c Pentad verse; 11a chadíṣaḥ; 11c Pentad verse.

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68. 2a śráyiṣṭhā: irregular cadence; 2b śúrāṇaam; perhaps śaviṣṭha, § 174 ii; 2c maghónaam or Gautamī verse; 4a gnáaḥ, § 142 i; 4b narāám; 4c probably prá ebhyah with hiatus; 4d diaúḥ or dyāvá: Rest at the fourth place: pṛthivī; 5b varuṇā; 5c daásvān; Pentad verse; 7a probably Gautamī verse, but see § 149 iii; 7c yéṣaam or sasahván; 7d perhaps tárutraḥ, § 169 v; 8a nú ū; 9b árcā.

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71. 6a adyá; 6b asmábhya; 6c kṣáyasi (H. Oldenberg). 72. The extended Triṣṭubh verses 1b, 1c, 2b, 3b are not necessarily indications of late date: they may be connected with uneven lyric metre. See on viii 35, § 242 iv; 2c dyáam; 5b śrútia. *74. 1a asuryám. *75. 3d jiá with hiatus; 9b śáktivantaḥ, § 168 ii; 14a áhir 'va; 14b jiáyāḥ; 16b śáravye, § 135 a; 17e visváhā: extra verse; 18b for the caesura see § 205 i c; 18c hybrid verse; 19a suáḥ: heptasyllabic verse; 19c semi-cadence of Epic Anuṣṭubh.

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Ṛgvedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit