Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s8: Maṇḍala IX

Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s8

Language: English

Maṇḍala IX

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A. IX 1-67. [This large collection of Gāyatrī hymns does not correspond to any collection or set of collections addressed to other deities. A few of the hymns may have belonged originally to such collections as those of Kaṇva or Kuśika: the majority must be imitations of these, and from the regularity of their structure cannot be earlier than the normal period.]

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¹ 4a *arṣā*; 9b *śriṇánti*. 3. 9b *devébhiah*. 4. 4a *pávitāraḥ*, § 178; 6b *jiók*; 7a *arṣā*. 5. 1c *priṇán*; *8a, 9a, 11c Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence. 6. 3b *svánāḥ*, § 140. 8. 8b *pṛthiviáḥ*; 9a *tuā*. 9. 4b *nadío 'jinvat*. 11. 6b *śriṇítanā*. 12. 3b catalectic verse. 13. 6a *hyánāḥ*, § 151 iii. 14. 4b *tánuā*. 15. 1a perhaps read *dhiy’ áiti*; 5c *síndhūnaam*. 18. 1a *giriṣṭháḥ*, § 142 i; 1b perhaps *akṣaah*, § 151 i; 7b heptasyllabic verse: perhaps read *pávamānaḥ*. 19. 6b *bhyásam*, § 151 iii.

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²¹ 2a perhaps *abhíyújaḥ*, § 167 iii; 5c catalectic verse; 6a *ráthia*.

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22. 7b *vásū* (plur.). 24. 1c *śriṇānāḥ*; 7b catalectic verse, unless we read *mádhuah*, § 151 ii, or restore *mádhunaḥ*. 26. 3a *-ā 'hian*, § 145 vi. 28. 2b *devébhiaḥ*; 6c *devavíḥ* probably, § 166 vii. 29. 1a perhaps *prá dhárā asya*, cf. 30 1a; 6a *á indo*. 30. 2a the reading is doubtful, but recurs ix 107 26b. 31. 2a *pṛthiviáḥ*; 2c *vájānaam*. 32. 1b *maghávanaḥ* or *maghávanaḥ*; 6b *máhya*. 34. 3a *vṛṣaṇam*, § 170 ii c. 36. 1a *ráthia*. 39. 1a *arṣā*; 5b *áthā*.

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40. 1c perhaps *vípram śumbhanti*; 3a perhaps *nú na indo rayím mahám*; 6c *vṛṣann*, § 177 iii. 41. 4c *áśvavat*. 42. 2b *devébhiaḥ*; 6b *áśvavat*. 43. 6c *rásvā*. 44. 6a *adyá*. 46. 4c *śriṇīta*. 47. 2a *kártuā*; 2c irregular cadence. 48. 3a *tuā*. 53. 1a catalectic verse; 3c *rujá*. 55. 4b *abhítia*. 56. 3b requires correction, perhaps *kanīā ná*, omitting *járām*: but see § 135 a. 57. 4b *utá*, *pṛthiviáḥ*. 58. 1a etc. *mandi* is probable, § 178. 59. 3c *sīdā*. 60. 2b *áthā*; 3a probably omit *asiṣyadat*.

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61. 2a long fifth syllable; 13a *úpa sú*; 19c probably *devavíḥ*, § 166 vii; 23b *mīdhuaḥ*. 62. 3c *asmábhya*; 4b *giriṣṭháaḥ*, § 142 i; 8a *sá*; 20c *devébhiaḥ*; 24b *arṣā*. 63. 18b *áśvavat*. 64. 10b *kavīnāám*; 11b *devavíḥ*; 26a *utá*; 28a *dávidyutatiā*, § 139 i. 65. 2b, 3b *devébhiaḥ*; 5c *ihá sú*; 26c *śriṇānāḥ*; 28c, 29c, 30c *páantam*, § 142 iii a. 66. 18d extra verse; 26c *hári-candrah*; 28a perhaps *akṣaaḥ*, § 151 i; 30c *mṛḷa*. 67. 10a *ajáśua*, § 145 ii *b*; 25c *máam*, § 151 i; 27d extra verse; 28a irregular cadence; 30 the metre is of the type 11.9.9, but is perhaps not so intended.

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B. IX 68-97. [Only a few of these hymns have the metrical variations or other marks characteristic of the archaic and strophic periods. Otherwise the collection both in the smoothness of its rhythm and in the equal use of Triṣṭubh and Jagatī metre is closely akin to the second Maṇḍala and the later part of the fifth.]

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⁶⁸ 1c perhaps *barhíḥ-sádah*, § 178; 10d *dhattá*. 69. 2a *úpa*, § 171 iv; 8b *áśvavat*, § 168 ii. 70. 1a catalectic verse: but SV. *duduhrire*. 71. 2b *asuríyam* is required by Vedic usage, see § 135 Addenda; 4d *śriṇánti*; 6c *á īm*; 7c extended Pentad verse, probably to be corrected. 72. 1c *caesura* after third syllable; 9c *māsvā*. 74. 4c *priṇanti*; 8b *sasanván*. 75. 2d perhaps *tritíyam*, § 178; 5a *dhanuā*, § 147; 5d *codayā*. 76. 1c *átiaḥ*, § 151 ii; 3c *pinvā*; 5d *tuotáyaḥ*. 77. 3b *dhanuantu*, § 147. 78. 1c *tánuā*; 4b *suarjít*. 79. 1a *dhanuantu*; 1b *svánāsaḥ*: *bṛhádiveṣu*, § 179; 1c the rhythm is irregular, and requires correction; 3a, 3b *áratiāḥ*.

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⁸⁰ 3d *átia*. 81. 3b *bhávā*. 82. 5c extended Triṣṭubh verse. 83. 2c *pavitáram*, § 179. 84. 5b *śrinanti*: *suarvídam*. 85. 4d *mīdhuaḥ*; 5c *átia*; 10b *giriṣṭháam*, § 142 i; 11c, 12d extended Triṣṭubh verses.

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⁸⁶ 2b *ráthia*; 3a *hyánāḥ*, § 151 iii: catalectic verse; 9b *diaúḥ*; 15a *sá*; 16a *prá*; 34d *dhánia*; 41d *asmábhya*; 42a *sá*; 42c *duá*; 43a Rest at the fourth place; 45a *ápia*; 47d *svánāḥ*; 48b *dhāvā*; 48d catalectic verse.

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⁸⁷ 1a *dravā*; 5b for the caesura see § 214 iii; 7a *svánāḥ*; 7d *gáah*, § 142 ii; 8b *ūrué*, § 145 ii *b*; 9a *smā*. 88. 1a *Virāṭsthānā* verse (*índra* type): *túbhya*; 2a *bhūriṣát*, § 178; 4a perhaps *mahá*,

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§ 159 iv, but cf. the rhythm of 3a; 4c Rest at the fifth place. 89. 1a prá ū; 3a mádhuah, § 151 ii; 7c śagdhí. 90. 1a ródasīyoh, § 173 ii; 1d vásū (plur.); 4d asmábhya; 6d pātā.

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91. 1a ráthia; 2b svánā; 4b ūrṇuhī; 5b pra-ácaḥ; 6a Pentad verse; 6d jiók. 92. 1a svánā; 2b námā (plur.); 5a nú. 93. 1c the irregular rhythm suggests emendation, but the hymn is one of Gotama Nodhas; 1d átia; 3d śriṇanti; 5a māsvā; 5b caesura after the third syllable: vaatāpyam, § 151 i; 5c Virātsthānā verse. 94. 3c mártiāya, § 151 iii, or Pentad verse; 5a 'aśuam, § 145 ii b. 95. 5b siā, § 148 vi. 96. 4b svastáye with v cons. is doubtful in the Rigveda proper, and perhaps suastí should be read: for the caesura see § 213 ii; 8d īrayā; 9b ránia; 15d urúr 'va, § 129 ii; 16b arṣā; 21c camvòḥ (§ 135 b) is improbable: either camú (sing.) or as a hybrid verse: viśā.

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97. 1d sádmā (plur.); 3c svarā; dhánuā; 3d pātā; 4b hinotā; 11a mádhuā (fem.); 11b rómā (plur.); 16d, 17c dhanuā; 17d indu, § 170 ii f; 18a syā; 19d sravā; 20c dhanuanti; 21b sravā; 21c asmábhya; 26a perhaps devavīyaḥ, cf. § 173 ii; 26d see § 219: for diviyájaḥ read diviáḥ; 27d kṛdhí; 32c matsarāvān, § 168 i; 33c, 36c viśā; 40d svánā; 43c perhaps páyo 'bhiśriṇán; 48b sravā; 49c, 51a abhí, § 167 iii; 52c váata.

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C. IX 98-114. [Lyric hymns of the archaic and strophic periods, with which the editor has included with good reason the Anuṣṭubh, Pentad, and Virāj hymns.]

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98. 1b arṣā; 1b vibhūśáham, § 166 iv; 2a svánā; 2d hyánā; 2d, 3a perhaps akṣaaḥ, § 151 i; 7b irregular cadence; 8a heptasyllabic verse; 8b páantaḥ, § 142 iii a; 9c giriṣtháaḥ, § 142 i. 99. 4c utá; 7b devébhiaḥ. 100. 1a abhí, § 167 iii. 101. 3a abhí, § 167 iii; 10c svánā; 11d vasūvíd, § 166 iv. 103. 6b devébhiaḥ. 104. 2c perhaps devavīyam, § 173 ii; 4a vasūvīdam; 5a madānaam. 105. 2c devavíḥ; 4b dhanuā; 5a harīnaam. 106. 1a ácchā.

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107. 2d śriṇantaḥ; 3a svánā; 9a Rest at the fourth place: gávamān, § 142 ii : akṣaaḥ; 9b akṣaaḥ; 9c catalectic verse. 108. 4a dadhiáññ; 6a ápia; 10c apáam; 13b ā-nayitá, § 142 iii b. 109. 3b arṣā; 16a svánā; 17b śriṇánā; 18b irregular cadence; 21a devébhiaḥ; 22b śriṇánn. 110. 6b vasūrúc, § 166 iv; 9a ádhā yád, § 161 ii; 10a requires correction, § 225; 12c sasahván, § 169 iii. 111. 1a háriniā, § 139 i: catalectic verse; 1c súuraḥ; 2a tiát, panīnáam.

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*112. 1a vá u, § 171 v; 1e the refrain is borrowed from ix 106 4b. *113. 1a catalectic verse; 2b mīdhuaḥ; 3b hypersyllabic verse: probably omit tám, § 152 i; 5b heptasyllabic verse; 6b perhaps vácam chandasīám, as a long fifth syllable is very unusual in the full cadence of Epic Anuṣṭubh; 7c hypersyllabic verse: the Sandhi combination of two verses (§ 119) is not probable: the omission of mám is perhaps on the whole the best course.

Linked texts (2)

Ṛgvedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Sāmavedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit