[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Literature, language and dating](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature) › [Vedic Metre in its Historical Development](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905) › c19.s9 # Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s9: Maṇḍala X Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19.s9 - **Language:** English ### Maṇḍala X ### [c19.s9.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.1) A. X 1-9. \[The Agni hymns 1, 3, 6 shew frequent Pentad verses and other variations characteristic of the strophic period: cf. x 46, and see § 249 i.\] ### [c19.s9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.2) 1. For the metre see § 249 i; 1d, 6b, 6c Pentad verses; 2a ródasīyoḥ, § 174 ii; 3b tṛtīyam, § 178; 5b caesura after the third syllable, but cf. § 152 i; 5c práti-ardhim devá-devasya, § 152 ii; 6a tú; 7d vahā: sahasia. 2. 3d sá; 7a tuā; 7c pitṛyāṇaṃ pravidvắn is probable here. 3. 1a Rest at the fifth place; 1c bhaasá, § 142 v; 4c suásaḥ. 5. 1c niṇióḥ, § 151 ii. ### [c19.s9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.3) 6. For the metre see § 249 i; 1c, 6c, 6d Virāṭsthānā verses; 1a, 1b 2b, 2c, 2d, 3c, 3d, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 7b Pentad verses; 2a catalectic Bhārgavī verse; 3a Gautamī verse. Thus the decasyllabic verses in this hymn are more than half the whole number, and in doubtful cases the preference may be given to this interpretation; 1c jyéṣṭha more probably; 2c sakhyá more probably; 2d átya more probably; 6b sáptivantaḥ, § 168 ii; 7b hávya more probably, but see § 136 ii. 7. 1a suastí; 2a túbhya. 8. 2b śimiván, § 168 ii; 5c irregular rhythm. \*9. 7c jiók. ### [c19.s9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.4) B. \*X 10–19. \[The hymns 14–18 are clearly of the latest date: as is also 19, which is unconnected by subject. On the other hand the position of hymns 10–13 is open to question, both on metrical and on linguistic grounds.\] ### [c19.s9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.5) 10. Metre and language are closely allied to those of x 95; 1b purú as acc. sing. is very doubtful, see § 160 i; 4c ápia; 5d pṛthivī́, § 173 i; 7d ráthía; 8d vṛhā; 10c barbrhī́; 12a requires emendation: perhaps ná te tanvàm ‖ tanūā, cf. § 135 b; 13a and 13b also require emendation: perhaps read bató bata ‖ asi yama ná evá ‖ táva mánah ‖; 14c for táva read te. 11–13. See p. 45. 11. 2a ápia; 3a sá; 5d sasanvắn; 6a īrayā; 6c su-apas-; 8d perhaps interchange átra and vitát; 9c vahā. 12. 1d pratián; 2a Rest at the fifth place; 2d irregular break; 4a as 2d. 13. 3c Rest at the fifth place; 4a devébhiaḥ. ### [c19.s9.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.6) 14. 2c yátra; 3d sváhā ’nié, § 145 vi, or sváhā anyé; 5c catalectic Bhārgavī verse, § 227 iii b; 8d Rest at the fifth place; 9a itā twice; 10a dravā; 10a, 11a śúanau, § 145 vi; 11c tábhiām; 11d svastí; 15c idám should perhaps be omitted. 15. 3c, 4a barhiḥ-sádah, § 178; 7b dhattā; 7c putrébhiaḥ; 7d yaccatā; 9a perhaps devátā; 11b sadatā; 13b vidmá; 14c svarájāḥ, § 151 iii. 16. 3b, 3c gacchā; 3b diám or dyáam; 5a sṛjā; 14d long fifth syllable exceptionally: perhaps agním sú. 17. 5b sá; 9c sahasra-arghám; 13a appears to be a dimeter verse perverted by the recollection of 12a: omit skannáḥ. 19. 6b semi-cadence of Epic Anuṣṭubh: this is therefore the third verse of an Anuṣṭubh stanza, the first two being similar to those of stanza 8. ### [c19.s9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.7) C. X 20–26. \[The Vimada hymns are of a very early type, see § 201.\] ### [c19.s9.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.8) ²⁰ 1 an imperfect quotation from x 25 i; 2a emendation is required: perhaps omit agním (§ 152 i) and read bhujáam: but see § 130 iv; 2d extra verse; 3c sráyinidantaḥ; cf. śúcidan, § 151 iii; 5c sádmā (plur.); 6c vāśímantam, § 168 ii; 8b perhaps siuḥ. 21 etc. ### [c19.s9.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.9) For the metre see Ch. ix, App. No. 66; 4b sáhasāvann, § 177 iii; 7c the rhythm is influenced by that of trimeter verse. ### [c19.s9.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.10) 22. For the metre see § 243; 1a Virātsthānā verse (indra type); 1c ṛṣīṇām; 4a vātasya; 5b váhadhiai (§ 146 ii) is very doubtful; 7a requires correction, as ã no vahā indra pṛkṣa adyá; 9a double Rest, § 226 iv a : perhaps ávā tvám naḥ ||; 11a extended Virātsthānā verse; 12a, 13a as la; 13c yāsaam; 13d dhenūnāam. ### [c19.s9.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.11) 23. 1a extended Virātsthānā verse; 1b hárīṇaam; 1c śmásāru, § 151 iii : bhuut; 2d perhaps kṣṇavāmi, § 151 i : dáasasya (ib.) is quite uncertain; 3c Rest at the fifth place; 4a sá, suá; 4c as 1a; 4d váataḥ, § 142 v; 5a Rest at the fourth place with irregular break; emendation is probably required; 6d as 1a : gopáaḥ, § 142 i; 7b as 3c rather than ca indra : carṣéḥ. ### [c19.s9.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.12) 24. 2a catalectic verse, unless we read ucáthaiḥ, § 151 iii; 3c for the cadence cf. 21 7c; \*5b samīcyóḥ, § 139 iv. 25. 1c ádha; 5c the rhythm here, as also in 6e, 8c, 9c, 9e is that of trimeter verse, cf. 21 7c, 24 3c; 7c sédhā, rājann, § 177 iii; 7e īṣata, § 175 i. 26. For the metre see § 191; 2a tiát; 4c matínāam is uncertain in this hymn; 7c semi-cadence of Epic Anuṣṭubh : perhaps prá dūdhod.... ### [c19.s9.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.13) D. X 27-84. \[The small groups of hymns here included are generally of a type which stands in contrast with that of the archaic and strophic periods, without having the specific character of the Kutsa hymns. It is very probable that many of the hymns assigned to the cretic period really belong to the popular Rigveda, but maintain artificially the linguistic features of the Rigveda proper.\] ### [c19.s9.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.14) \*27, \*28. See p. 45. \*27. 6c Rest at the fifth place; 11d read i for īm the second time, § 178; 18a víṣu-añcaḥ. \*28. 1c hybrid verse; 12a the text gives the hiatus correctly. ### [c19.s9.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.15) ²⁹ 2d sasanván; 4a tuávataḥ; 5a īrayā; 8d sumatí, § 139 iii. 30. 9c a-uśánām as a-arksá, viii 68 16b; 11c siadhvam, § 148 vi; 12c sthā: su-apat-; 13a read āyatīr ádṛśram; 14c dhattanā. 31. 3c ānaśmá, § 158 i; 4d sá; 6b Rest at the fourth place; 9a kṣáam, § 142 i, or Rest at the fifth place; 10d śamiám. 32. 4c Bhārgavī verse; 5b two syllables are wanting after the caesura : perhaps supply sahá; 5d caesura after the third syllable: úmebhiaḥ; \*6-9 see p. 45; \*7b prá eti; \*9c sá. 33. 1b smā. \*34. 8c ná, § 175 ii; 11d sá. ### [c19.s9.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.16) ³⁵ 2d svánāḥ; 7b suvā; 10b catalectic verse; 14a avathā. 36. 2a diaúḥ; 8b devavíyam, cf. § 174 ii; 11a adyá; 14a read paścát; 14b read uttarát. 37. 2d víśvāhā twice, § 170 ii d; 6a catalectic verse; 7a víśvāhā; 7d jiók; 8b bhaśvantam, § 142 v; 10a bhavā; 12a cakṛmá, § 158 i. ### [c19.s9.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.17) ³⁹ 4c adbhiáḥ; 5b áthā; 6b máhya; 10a -áśuam, § 145 ii b; 10c carkŕtiam; 14b Rest at the fifth place. 40. 1a yáantam, § 142 iii a; 2a vástav, § 170 ii e; 5d áśvavate, § 168 ii; 6d bharatā; 11a vidmá, § 158 i; 11b perhaps yuvatéḥ, § 170 iii; 12d dúria. ### [c19.s9.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.18) ⁴² 1c taratā; 1d rāmayā; 2b bodhayā; 3d vasūvīdam, § 166 iv; 5d su-áṣṭrān. 43. 2a tuadrík; 7b kuḷáḥ, § 151 ii. 44. 4c kṛṣvā: gṛbhāyā: tué, § 173 v; 7b catalectic verse: perhaps yuyujriré, cf. ix 70 1a; 8b diaúḥ. ### [c19.s9.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.19) ⁴⁵ 2a trayidhā; 2b dhámā (plur.); 4c for hím restore hí; ### [c19.s9.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.20) 8b Pentad verse; 8d diaúḥ; 9a adyá; 10a, 10b bhajā; 11b vásū (plur.); 12a narāám; 12d dhattá. 46. For the metre see § 249 i: it suggests for this hymn an earlier date than its neighbours can lay claim to. The Pentad verses are 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6c, 7a, whilst 5d, 6b, 6d, 7c, 7d are Virāṭsthānā verses. Hence the Pentad hymn seems to have consisted of 5 double stanzas, thus corresponding in length to the hymns in i 65–70: whilst 3, 4, 8–10 may be Triṣṭubh stanzas appended later. 6d Sandhi at the caesura; 7c the interpretation is doubtful: Jagatī cadence. 47. 2c carkṛtiam; 3c śrutárṣim; 5a áśvavantam, § 168 ii; 8a tuā. ### [c19.s9.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.21) 48–50. These hymns are almost alone in the Rigveda in combining frequent Rests with Jagatī cadence: but cf. x 77, 78. 48. 1c māam (§ 151 i) is doubtful: perhaps Rest at the fifth place; 6a duá-duā; 7b abhí, § 167 iii; 9a bhuut, § 142 iii b. 49. 1a daam, § 142 iii a, or Rest at the fourth place; 1b máhya; 1d extended Virāṭsthānā verse; 2a māam, § 151 i: double Rest, § 226 iv b; 2b apáam; 3b, 5c as 1d; 6b vṛtrám 'va, § 129 iii: probably as 1d rather than dāasam, § 151 i; 6d rocanám, § 130 iv; 9b pṛthiviám; 10b tváṣṭa á-; 11a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type): vivie, cf. § 140 iii; 11c víśvā ít, or Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s9.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.22) 50. 1b perhaps víśva-ábhúve (Grassmann); 2a sá; 2b carkṛtiah: extended Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 2c hybrid verse; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 3c for the caesura see § 214 iii: asuríyāya; 4a as 2b; 4c Rest at the fourth place: then perhaps cyautanáḥ, § 149 iv; 4d jyáyisṭha: extended Virāṭsthānā verse, but see § 149 iii; 5a probably extended Virāṭsthānā verse, but see § 148 i; 5b extended Gautamī verse, rather than as in § 149 iii; 5c the cadence requires correction, perhaps vardhitá ca naḥ; 6c probably pátaram, § 149 iii; 6d as 4d; 7b vásūnaam. ### [c19.s9.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.23) \*51–53. See p. 45. \*51. 2b tanvàḥ, § 135 b; 2c kú 'áha; 4c as 2b; 5a éhī; 5d váhā; 6d jíyāḥ, § 140 iii; 8c púruṣam, § 178; 9a hybrid verse: but see § 130 ii. \*52. 1a śastánā; 1c brūtā; 4a māam; 5c bāhuóḥ. \*53 4c the opening requires emendation; 5b gávajātaḥ, § 142 ii; 5c perhaps ámhaḥ, cf. vi 3 1d; 6c vayatā; 6d bhavā; 8b tiṣṭhatā; 11c víśvāhā. ### [c19.s9.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.24) 54. 3a ū. 55. 2c irregular double Rest, § 227 iii c; 5d hiáḥ, § 140 iii (Addenda); 8d requires correction. 56. 2b asmábhya; 2d suám; \*4d extended Pentad verse; \*5b catalectic verse. ### [c19.s9.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.25) \*57. 3c pitṛṇáam; 4c jiók. \*59. 3a abhí śú; 3b diaúḥ; 4b nú; 5c extended Virāṭsthānā verse; 6c jiók; 10a īrayā: gáam, § 142 ii; 10c -rāṇiāḥ. \*60. 6d rājann, § 177 iii; 8e perhaps āriṣṭá-, § 167 iv. ### [c19.s9.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.26) 61. \[This extraordinary hymn has a metrical unity which stands in striking contrast to its discontinuity of subject: it has all the marks of the archaic period, and yet a parallel hymn can hardly be found amongst the archaic collections. Alone in this part of the Rigveda it is dissociated in structure from its companion hymn. An Iranian origin has been suggested by the proper name Nábhānédiṣṭha in 18b.\] 1a raúdaram, § 149 iii, but more probably Virāṭsthānā verse; 1b śáciām; 1c hybrid verse; 2a dábhia; 2c Virāṭsthānā verse, with irregular cadence; 3b śáciā; 3d áśriṇīta: Virāṭsthānā verse; 4d náyiṣam, § 142 iii b; 7c for the caesura see § 205 i c; 8b párā ait; 9c sánitā with hiatus the first time, or Rest at the fifth place; 11c Virāṭsthānā verse, but see § 149 iv; 13a tán nú asya is perhaps most probable; 14d perhaps read śrudhí hótar ‖ ṛtásya hótar adhrúk; 15a as 1a; 16a Virāṭsthānā verse; 16c sá; 17a as 2c; 17d jyáyisṭha; 20c ūrdhuá, śráyiṇiḥ; 21a ádha; 22a ádhā tuám: Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type) 23a a series of defective verses are found towards the end of the hymn, the others being 24c, 26a, 27a, 27d: these require emendation; 25a yádī: Rest at the fifth place; 26b su-uktaíḥ; 27b bhūtá; 27c Rest at the fourth place. 62. 8c śatásuam, § 145 ii b; 9b divó 'va, § 129 ii. ### [c19.s9.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.27) 63. 2c sthá: adbhiáḥ; 7a āyajé, § 178; 10c su-aritrám; 11c deváhūtī, § 139 iv; 13a mártiaḥ, § 151 iii; 14a avathā; 15a suastí: Rest at the fifth place; 16a śráyiṣṭhā; 16c sá. 64. 7a catalectic verse; 10c ráthasas pátih, § 151 iii; 12b ádadātā; 12c pīpayatā. ### [c19.s9.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.28) 65. 2a índra-agní; 5a śikṣā; 9b índra-vāyú; 14b ṛtajñáaḥ, § 142 i; 15b caesura after the third syllable, or read víśvāni yé; 15d pātā. 66. 1a bṛhác-chravān, § 151 iii; 4b Rest at the fifth place; 12d bráhmā (plur.); 14c étiā. ### [c19.s9.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.29) 67. 4a duábhyam. 68. 2a caesura after the third syllable; 3a sādhu-aryáḥ; 9a, 9b sá; 10b for the caesura see § 205 i c; 12b perhaps pūruíḥ, § 145 ii d: or Rest at the fourth place; 12c sá. ### [c19.s9.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.30) 69. 5c, 6c śúro 'va, § 129 ii; 5d nú; 12c, 12d catalectic verses; 12d tiṣṭhā. 70. 1d bhavā; 2d devébhiaḥ; 8b sīdatā: sionám; 11a vahā. ### [c19.s9.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.31) \*71. 4c utá tuasmai; 7d probably snátuā, omitting u. \*72. 8d āsiat, § 145 iii. ### [c19.s9.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.32) 73. 2b purú adv. § 160 i; 3a Pentad verse; 4b násatiā; 6d hṛdiā; 7c sioná; 9b utá: for the ninth syllable see § 177 i; 9c pṛthiviám. 74. 1a vásūnaam; 1b Gautamī verse; 2d suaíḥ; 3a Rest at the fifth place, rather than eṣaam: amṛtānaam; 3c Gautamī verse, § 226 iii b: in the cadence probably sādháyantaḥ (§ 151 iii), cf. ii 3 8a; 3d vasavíam exceptionally § 151 ii; 4b the rhythm is easily made normal by reading gómantam ūrvám abhí yé títrṣān; 4c irregular cadence; 6b probably náma, giving a Virāṭsthānā (índra) verse. ### [c19.s9.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.33) 75. 1a sú; 1c trayidhá; 3a bhūmiāḥ u- with Sandhi, § 130 ii; 6b susártuā, § 139 v: tiā; 6d mehatnuá; 8d perhaps madhūvŕdham, § 166 iv and vi a. 76. 1a ūrjáam; 2a śráyiṣṭham; 3b catalectic verse; 3c tvāṣṭaré, § 149 iii; 4a hatā; 4d perhaps devavíyam, cf. § 173 ii; 5d arcā; 8b sunuthá. ### [c19.s9.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.34) 77, 78. For the metre see §§ 52, 227 ii, and 250 ii. 77. 6-8 Triṣṭubh stanzas; 7a Virāṭsthānā verse; 7b marúdbhiaḥ. 78. 1a, 6c extended Virāṭsthānā verses; 1c see § 227 iii d; 1d kṣitínaam; 2a, 2b Jagatī verses: so too 3a, 6a, 6b; 3b agnínaam; 3c śímivantaḥ with irregular cadence, § 168 ii; 3d pitṛnáam; 4a ráthānaam: yé 'ráḥ with Sandhi; 5, 7 Jagatī stanzas; 5a jyáyisṭhāsaḥ; 8 Triṣṭubh stanza; 8a probably omit deváḥ (§ 152 i) and read with Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s9.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.35) 79. 3a Rest at the fourth place; 5b ájyaiḥ, § 137 iv; a syllable is wanting at the end of the verse; 5d pratiáñ. 80. 1b śrútia; 2c Virāṭsthānā verse; 4a daat, § 142 iii a; 4c havyám, § 136: hence Virāṭsthānā verse; 7c prá 'va. ### [c19.s9.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.36) \*81. 2a add at the end kathásīt. \*82. 2d saptarṣín; 4b hybrid verse. \*83. 1a ávidhat, § 169 vi; 3b requires correction: perhaps sapátnān for śátrūn: jahí; 5c irregular cadence, requiring correction; 5d suá; 7b ádha. \*84. 2a agnír 'va, § 129 ii; 4c Rest at the fifth place: tuáyā; 6a ábhūtiā, § 145 iv. ### [c19.s9.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.37) E. \*X 85–114. \[In the single hymns which conclude the tenth Mandala those which belong to the popular Rigveda predominate: but they only occur in groups on account of incidental agreement in the metre and number of stanzas. The first three hymns are of very unusual length.\] ### [c19.s9.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.38) \*85. 7c diaúḥ; 11c perhaps śrótaram, § 149 iii; 12b viánāḥ; 20c sionám; 22b tuā; 30c, 31a vadhváḥ, § 135 b; 34a perhaps omit kátukam etád; 38c pátibhiaḥ is doubtful, § 144; 40b -e u- with Sandhi, § 130 i; 44c Rest at the fourth place: sioná; 45a mídhuah; 46b śvaśruám, § 146 iii; 46c hypersyllabic opening, requiring correction, cf. § 191 iii. ### [c19.s9.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.39) \*86. \[Although the fifth verse in each stanza is a refrain, there are only slight indications of the Epic Anuṣṭubh rhythm, as in the semi-cadence in 10a, 14a, 15a, 20a, 23c.\] 2c ná ū: ná 'not' with hiatus; 4c śuá, § 145 vi; 10a smā; 12c ápia. ### [c19.s9.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.40) \*87. \[Although of late date, the Triṣṭubh verses of this hymn are free from contamination, and the Anuṣṭubh verses have the earlier rhythm; see § 198 ii.\] 2a spṛśā; 2d dhatsuā; 7c jahí; 8a sá; 10d tredhá exceptionally, § 140 iii; 12b, 13c hypersyllabic verses, §§ 224, 217; 14a hybrid verse; 15c śárava 'rchantu with Sandhi, § 130 i; 16a probably paúruṣyeṇa; 16b áśvyena; 19c dahā; 22b sahasya, § 135 a; 23b smā. ### [c19.s9.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.41) \*88. 1a páantam, § 142 iii a; 6c, 9b require correction: see § 217; 10c trayidhá; 12d ápa; 15a, 16a dué; 17b perhaps yajñaníyoḥ, § 173 ii. ### [c19.s9.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.42) 89. 2b ráthia; 2d tvíṣiā; 5b śímivān: 6d vílú (plur.); 8b párvā (plur.); 8d Pentad verse; 9d víṣaṇam, § 170 ii c; 10d read hávio yóge; 13d probably ánu ápaḥ; for the caesura see § 205 i c; 17b Rest at the fourth place. ### [c19.s9.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.43) \*90. \[Very late rhythm, § 198 iii.\] 2a púruṣaḥ, § 178; 4a hypersyllabic verse, or combination of ūrdhváḥ and ut, § 130 i; 6a púruṣeṇa; 8c vāyavyàn, § 135 a; 11a as 6a; 11d páda, § 174 i a; ucyate, § 170 i. ### [c19.s9.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.44) 91. 7b tṛṣú, § 160 i; 8d ná 'niám, § 145 vi; tuát; 13d catalectic verse. 92. 4d áthā; 9a rudaráya, § 149 ii; 9c su-ávān; 14b Rest at the fourth place. ### [c19.s9.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.45) 93. For the metre see § 242 v; 5a apáam; 7b ráthasas pátih, § 151 iii; 9a Rest at the fourth place; 9c sahá; 10a dhaatam, § 142 iii a; 10d rāyáḥ utá with Sandhi, § 130 i; 12a Pentad verse; 14b hybrid verse; 15b tánuaḥ. \*94. 1a catalectic verse; 5d purú, see § 160: perhaps the adverb; 9a hári, § 174 i b; 10b Rest at the fifth place; 11a Rest at the fourth place; 12a evá; 14a extended Triṣṭubh verse. ### [c19.s9.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.46) \*95. \[Companion hymn to x 10, with several archaic variations.\] 3a A. Ludwig completes the verse by reading asakta; 4a perhaps sá ǎ vásū; 4c two syllables are wanting: perhaps yásmi, § 178; 5a, 5b smā; 5b áviatyai; 6a śráyiniḥ; 7a caesura after the third syllable; 8c smā; 9b Rest at the fifth place, rather than kṣavaṇíbhiḥ, § 151 i; 9c tanváḥ, § 135 \*b\*, or hybrid verse; 10\*b\* \*ápia\*; 10\*c\* \*jániṣṭa\*; 10\*d\* \*tiratā\*; 11\*a\* \*gava-píthīayā\*, § 142 ii: extended Triṣṭubh verse; 12\*d\* \*ádhā yád\*; 13\*c\* Rest at the fourth place, or \*táva\* for \*te\*. 96. 3\*a\*, 7\*d\* \*sá\*; 10\*a\* \*smā\*; 11\*b\* extended Triṣṭubh verse; 13\*b\* \*áthā\*. ### [c19.s9.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.47) \*97. \[Very late hymn.\] 7\*a\* \*aśvavatím\*, § 168 ii; 10\*a\* \*pariṣṭháah\*, § 142 i; 10\*b\* \*stenáḥ\* with \*iva\* (Grassmann), § 129 ii; 13\*a\* heptasyllabic verse; 14\*c\*, 15\*c\*, 19\*c\* catalectic verses; 20\*a\* as 13\*a\*. \*98. 2\*b\* \*tuát\*; 10\*c\* \*tanvàḥ\*, § 135 \*b\*. ### [c19.s9.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.48) 99. See § 105 ii; 1\*b\* Virāṭsthānā verse, rather than \*vāśarám\*, § 149 iii; 4\*c\* irregular cadence; 5\*d\* for the caesura see § 205 i \*c\*; 6\*b\* Rest at the fourth place, with irregular break; 7\*d\* Virāṭsthānā verse; 8\*a\* \*sá\*; 8\*b\* Pentad or Gautamī verse; 8\*c\* Pentad verse; 8\*d\* as 7\*d\*; 11\*c\* Rest at the fourth place; 12\*c\* \*svastím\* exceptionally, § 125 iii \*b\*; or read \*karad asmai suastím\*. ### [c19.s9.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.49) 100. 1\*a\* \*dŕhyā\*; 2\*a\* \*sú\*, \*bharatā\*; 6\*a\* \*nú\*; 7\*a\* \*cakṛmá\*, § 158 i; 9\*b\* catalectic verse, or read \*yuyotanā\*; 10\*b\* \*aṅdhué\*; 10\*c\* \*evá\*; 11\*b\* § 120; 12\*c\* \*rájiā\*. ### [c19.s9.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.50) \*101, \*102. See p. 46. \*101. 3\*b\* Rest at the fifth place, rather than short eighth syllable; 7\*a\* Pentad verse; 8\*b\* \*vármā\* (plur.); 10\*b\* \*vásíbhiḥ\*, § 170 iii: caesura after the third syllable; 12\*d\* \*codáyatā\*, \*khudátā\*. \*102. 2\*a\* \*smā\*; 3\*a\* \*yacchā\*; 4\*b\* \*smā\*; 7\*d\* \*pádīā\*, § 151 ii; 11\*b\* \*pípīānā\*. \*103. 1\*c\*, 2\*a\* for the caesura see § 205 i \*c\*; 2\*c\* \*jayatā\*; 7\*a\* hybrid verse; 8\*a\* \*nayitá\*, § 142 iii \*b\*: probably \*bráhmaṇaspátíḥ\*, § 151 iii; 10\*a\* \*harṣayā\*; 11\*a\* hybrid verse; 12\*b\* \*apue\*, § 151 ii; 12\*c\* \*dahā\*. 104. 3\*d\* \*śácīā\*. ### [c19.s9.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.51) 105. For the metre see § 244 iii; 1\*a\* Virāṭsthānā verse, rather than \*stotarám\*, § 149 iii: the verse ends \*háryata á\*, cf. 10\*c\*; 1\*c\* represents a trimeter verse: Rest at the fifth place, then \*vaatápīaya\*, cf. § 151 i; stanzas 3 to 6 see § 244 iii; 8\*a\* two syllables are wanting: perhaps supply \*indra\* before the caesura; 10\*c\* \*sué\*: Virāṭsthānā verse rather than \*pátare\*, § 149 iii; 11\*a\* \*asurīya\*. 106. Numerous duals combined with \*iva\*, § 129 i\*b\*; 7\*a\*, 7\*d\* for the caesura see § 213 ii; 7\*c\* \*ná\* ‘as’ combined, § 122; 10\*d\* \*suyavasád\*. ### [c19.s9.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.52) \*107. 6\*b\* perhaps \*yajñaníyam\*, § 173 ii; 10\*a\* \*’áśuam\* probably, cf. § 145 ii \*b\*. \*108. see p. 46; 4\*a\* \*vedā\* (1 sing.), § 158 i: \*dábhia\*; 5\*a\* \*á-icchah\*, § 121 \*c\*; 5\*b\* \*divó ’ntān\*; 6\*d\* \*mṛḷát\*; 10\*a\* \*ná\*; 10\*d\*, 11\*a\* \*itā\*; 11\*a\* Rest at the fifth place, rather than \*duurám\*, but see § 151 i. ### [c19.s9.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.53) 110. 1\*c\* \*vahā\*; 4\*d\* \*devébhiḥ\*, \*śionám\*; 5\*d\* \*devébhiḥ\*, \*bhavatā\*; 8\*d\* \*su-ápasah\*; 10\*a\* \*tmániā\*; 11\*c\* by Sandhi \*pradísī\* \*’rtásya\*, not as in the text. 111. 1\*b\* \*nṛṇám\*; 3\*a\* \*śrútiai\*, § 146 ii; 10\*c\* Virāṭsthānā verse. 112. 1\*c\* Rest at the fourth place; 2\*a\* Rest at the fifth place; 5\*b\* \*ráṇia\*; 6\*b\* requires correction, as \*eṇá sómam piba śatakrato tvám\*; 7\*c\* \*as\* 2\*a\*; 9\*a\* \*sīdā\*; 9\*c\* \*nárté tuát\*. 113. 4\*d\* \*su-apas-\*; 7\*c\* Rest at the fifth place; 9\*a\* \*bhúrí\* (adv.); 10\*a\* extended Triṣṭubh verse; 10\*d\* \*vidá sú\*. \*114. 4\*a\* hypersyllabic verse, § 224: see also § 130 iv; 6\*c\* \*vimáyā\*; 10\*b\* Pentad verse. ### [c19.s9.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.54) F. \*X 115-191. \[These shorter hymns include many charms, all belonging to the popular Rigveda.\] ### [c19.s9.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.55) ¹¹⁵ 1\*c\* \*yádī\*; 2\*d\* caesura after the third syllable; 5\*a\* irregular cadence; 5\*c\*, 5\*d\* catalectic verses; 5\*d\* \*téṣaam\*; 7\*a\* \*evá\* with hiatus: ### [c19.s9.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.56) mártiaiḥ, § 151 iii; 8a sahasāvann, § 177 iii; 9c Rest at the fifth place. 116. 1c, 1d píbā; 7a, 7c (the second time) túbhya. \*117. 1c, 2d utá; 5c ráthia. ### [c19.s9.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.57) 118. 6a mártiaḥ, § 151 iii; 8b oṣā. \*119. See p. 46; 11a heptasyllabic verse; 13a probably gṛhám. \*120. 1a jyáyiṣṭham; 1b Virāṭsthānā verse; 1d Pentad verse; 3b duíḥ; 4a as 1d; 8a bráhmā (plur.): bṛhádiva, § 178; 9c for the caesura see § 213 ii; 9d extended Triṣṭubh verse. \*121. 7c hypersyllabic verse, § 224, but cf. § 152 i. ### [c19.s9.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.58) 122. 3b hybrid and catalectic verse; 5a Rest at the fifth place; 5b matsuā; 5d perhaps rurucuḥ, § 169 ii; 7d ájiam, or as 5a; 8a ahuanta, § 142 iii b; 8d pātā. 123. 7d námā (plur.). 124. See p. 46; \*1d jyók exceptionally, § 140 iii; \*2d probably suát sakhyát; \*3b dhámā (plur.); 6c Pentad verse; 8c perhaps rájanam, § 170 ii c. \*125. 4a sá; 4b i, § 178; 8a evá. ### [c19.s9.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.59) 126. For the metre see Ch. ix, App. No. 54; 2c Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence; 2d pāthá; 5c rudarám, § 149 ii; catalectic trimeter verse; 8c evá sú. \*127. 3b uṣásam, § 170 ii a; 4a adyá; 6b yāváyā. \*128. 8a hybrid verse; 9c omit ādityáḥ, § 152 i. \*129. 2b rátriāḥ; 6b hybrid verse: or iyám monosyllabic, § 151 iii; 7b add dadhé. \*130. \[Very late hymn.\] 1a Rest at the fourth place; 2c ū sádah requires correction, cf. § 171 v; 5d, 6a manuṣyàḥ, § 135 a; 7a see § 177 i. ### [c19.s9.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.60) 131. 6a, 7c su-ávān. 132. For the metre see § 242 vi; 1a see § 242 vi; 1b Rest at the fourth place; 1c devá, § 174 i a; 2b for the caesura see § 213 ii; 3b rékaṇaḥ possibly, § 149 iv; 3c Gautamī verse: rayíkṇaḥ, § 151 i; 3d ū; 6b diaúḥ; 7a perhaps apna-rájanā. 133, 134. See § 109 iv. 133. 1a prá sú; 1g, etc. jiákāḥ; 6a tuáyāvaḥ; 7a sú: tám should perhaps begin the verse; 7c ácchidra-ūdhni. 134. 2a smā. ### [c19.s9.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.61) \*135. 4b víprebhiaḥ; 7c iyám perhaps monosyllabic, § 151 iii. \*136. 6c catalectic verse. \*137. 5a catalectic verse; 7c tuā. ### [c19.s9.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.62) ¹³⁸ 4a āsiat, § 145 iii; 5b tújia; 6a tiá: śrútia; 6b catalectic verse. \*139. 4c hypersyllabic verse, § 224. ### [c19.s9.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.63) ¹⁴⁰ See § 246 v; 2a § 152 ii; 3c tué, § 173 v; 6c tuā. \*141. 1c yacchā; 4a indrāvāyú. \*142. 1a tvé, § 173 v; 1b ásti is probably to be omitted, or read nahí anyád ápyam āḥ; 5a śráyiṇayaḥ; 6c namā. ### [c19.s9.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.64) ¹⁴³ 3a dámṣiṣṭha, § 174 i a. ### [c19.s9.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.65) ¹⁴⁴ See § 246 v; 2b daásvate, § 142 v; 4c perhaps vivartanáh, see § 225; 5a śienáh, § 145 vi; 5b ắ abharat; 5c, 6c áyu, § 178. \*145. 6c máam, § 151 i; 6e extra verse. \*146. 2c -bhir 'va, § 129 ii. 147. 4c tuávrdhaḥ; 5b krdhī. ### [c19.s9.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.66) ¹⁴⁸ 1a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 1b sasanvámśaḥ; 1c bharā; 2b Virāṭsthānā verse, rather than dáasīḥ: but see § 151 i; 3d ratha-ūlha; 4a bráhmā (plur.): túbhya; 4b dáah, § 142 iii a: nṛṇáam; 4c bhavā. \*149. 1c áśvam 'va, § 129 iii; 2c bhúuḥ perhaps: cf. § 142 v; 4a gávo 'va, § 129 ii; 4c pátir 'va, ib.; 5b juhuế, § 142 iii b. ### [c19.s9.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.67) ¹⁵⁰ See § 246 v; 3c vahā; 4a omit deváḥ, § 152 i; 4b manuṣyàḥ, § 135 a. \*151. 2a heptasyllabic verse; 4c hṛdayyàyā, § 135 a. \*152. 4b yacchā; 5c catalectic verse. \*155. 1b gacchā; sadānue, cf. § 145 ii b; 2c arāyyàm, § 135 b. 156. 2c hinvā. \*157. 1d needs restoration as a trimeter verse. \*158. 1b váataḥ, § 142 v: -kṣaat perhaps, § 151 i; 2 may perhaps be restored as follows: sávitar yásya ### [c19.s9.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.68) te hárah | savánām śatám arhati | téna no pāhi didyútaḥ; 5a tuā, \*159. 4c catalectic verse. 160. 4a eṣá; 5b tuā; 5d perhaps tuā, § 151 ii. ### [c19.s9.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.69) \*161. 2b nītáḥ, § 124; 4a jīvá; 4b ū; 5a tuā the second time. \*162. 1c heptasyllabic verse, but cf. 2a; 2a catalectic verse. \*163. 1c śīrṣaṇyàm, § 135 a; 2c doṣaṇyàm ib.; 4b -ábhiām. \*164. 3a the metre is out of harmony with the period: perhaps read yád áśastyā nihśástiā 'bhíśastiā; 3b upārimá, § 158 i; 5c hypersyllabic verse; 5e extra verse. \*165. 3c requires correction: perhaps śám na astu góbhiaḥ púruṣebhiaḥ. \*166. 2b índro 'va, § 129 ii; stanza 5 requires correction. \*167. 4c vaam, § 151 i; 4d irregular cadence. \*168. 1a nú. \*169. 1d ava-śáyā. \*170. See p. 46; 3b Rest at the fourth place. ### [c19.s9.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9.70) ¹⁷² 2b for the caesura see § 213 ii. \*173. 2b párvato 'va, § 129 ii; 2c índro 'va, ib.; 4a probably diaúḥ: then pṛthví, cf. § 151 iii. \*174. 2a abhīvṛtyā is probable, cf. § 167 i: catalectic verse; 4c catalectic verse. 176. 4c catalectic verse. 178. 1a tiám; 1d ihá, § 175 ii. \*180. 1c bharā; 2c saṃśáyā; 3a Rest at the fifth place. \*183. 2b tanú, § 173 iii. \*184. 3a heptasyllabic verse. 185. 2b ná 'not' with hiatus. \*189. 3a dhámā (plur.). \*190. 1b tápasó 'dhi gives a better rhythm than tápasa ádhy; 3c catalectic verse. \*191. 4a heptasyllabic verse. ## Linked texts (1) - [Ṛgvedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.rg.10.46) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9) · Pramāṇa