[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Literature, language and dating](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature) › [Vedic Metre in its Historical Development](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905) › c19 # Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19: Chapter XI. Metrical Commentary Vedic Metre in its Historical Development c19 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [c19.s1 267. Introductory Notes](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1) — 72 parts - [c19.s2 Maṇḍala II](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2) — 12 parts - [c19.s3 Maṇḍala III](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3) — 10 parts - [c19.s4 Maṇḍala IV](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4) — 16 parts - [c19.s5 Maṇḍala V](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5) — 19 parts - [c19.s6 Maṇḍala VI](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6) — 26 parts - [c19.s7 Maṇḍala VII](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s7) — 68 parts - [c19.s8 Maṇḍala IX](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s8) — 18 parts - [c19.s9 Maṇḍala X](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s9) — 70 parts ### Chapter XI. Metrical Commentary ### 267. Introductory Notes ### [c19.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.1) The Metrical Commentary does not form a complete record of the restorations required in the Saṃhitā text, and only notices those metrical irregularities which are very exceptional. ### [c19.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.2) In particular, the following restorations are very commonly required in addition to those mentioned in the Commentary: ### [c19.s1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.3) \*Hiatus\*, whether regular, as after \*-i\*, \*-ī\*, \*-u\*, \*-ū\*, or exceptional, as after \*-a\*, \*-ā\*. ### [c19.s1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.4) \*Combination of final -a, -ā with initial r (text -a r-).\* ### [c19.s1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.5) \*Syllabic restoration\*: (i) of \*ī\* \*ū\* for \*y\* \*v\* followed by the grave accent: (ii) of \*i\* for \*y\* in the instr. sing. \*-yā\* and the dual form \*-yoḥ\* after heavy syllables; in the suffixes \*-ya\* \*-yā\* after heavy syllables; in the words \*gúhya\*, \*jánya\*, \*tyá\*, \*dadhyáñc\*, \*divyá\*, \*nárya\*, \*pratyáñc\*, \*mádya\*, \*yújya\*, \*sakhyá\*, \*syá\* and some others: in the optatives \*aśyám\* and \*syám\*; and in the suffixes \*-bhyaḥ\*, \*-bhyām\* after heavy syllables at the end of the verse: (iii) of \*u\* for \*v\* in \*tvám\*, \*tvám\*, \*tvá\*, \*tva\*, \*svá\* and in the instr. sing. fem. in \*-vā\*: (iv) of \*aa\* for \*ā\* in the gen. pl. \*-ām\* at the end of the verse: (v) of \*-an\* for \*n\* in the declension of nouns in \*-an\*, \*-man\*, \*-van\*: and (vi) of \*ar\* for \*r\* in the dual forms \*pitróḥ\*, \*mātróḥ\*, \*svasróḥ\*. ### [c19.s1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.6) \*Quantitative restoration\*: (i) in the words correctly written \*ácchā\*, \*evā\*, \*nṛṇám\*, \*pavāká\*, \*mṛḷ\* (\*mṛḷaya-\*, \*mṛḷiká\*, \*sumṛḷiká\*): (ii) in final vowels in positions which are metrically unimportant, as in the third and fifth syllables of trimeter verse, before consonant groups, and at the end of the verse: (iii) of \*cch\* for \*ch\* in Aufrecht’s text: (iv) of \*c\* for \*śc\* in compounds as \*puru-candrá\*, \*su-candrá\*: (v) of \*n\* for \*nn\* in the locative and vocative singular. ### [c19.s1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.7) Where the text gives a correct reading this is not usually noted in the Commentary, even though restoration is required by the ordinary rules; as when the suffix \*-ya\* has monosyllabic value after a heavy syllable. ### [c19.s1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.8) Emendations suggested in the Commentary are not intended as definitive proposals, but only as indications of the general requirements of the metre in accordance with the period to which the hymn is assigned. ### [c19.s1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.9) The following slight corrections are needed in Aufrecht's text of the Rigveda (2nd edition, Bonn 1877): ix 47 2b dasyutárhaṇā, 86 3c mádhvā; x 4 5d praṇáyanta, 6 2a bhānúbhir, 8 3c áśvabudhnā, 51 1c bahudhā, 106 2d mahiśévāvapānāt, 143 3a daṁsiṣṭhāv. ### [c19.s1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.10) References are given throughout the Commentary to the sections of this book in which the points raised have already been discussed, except as regards some of the more common restorations, for which the references are given in the Index. ### [c19.s1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.11) 268. METRICAL COMMENTARY. ### [c19.s1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.12) Maṇḍala I. ### [c19.s1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.13) A. I 1–11. \[Dimeter hymns of the normal or strophic period, irregularly arranged. 10 is addressed to Indra of the Kuśika family, and the metre corresponds fairly with that of the dimeter hymns of Maṇḍala III.\] ### [c19.s1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.14) 1. 9c sácasva. 2. 4a índrā-; 8, 9 perhaps in Trochaic Gāyatrī: yet we may read in 8a mitra varuṇa (cf. § 174 ii), in 8c ásathe (§ 170 i), and in 9c dadhāta (§ 174 i e). 3. 1c pūrū-, § 166 iv. 4. 7c see § 152 ii. 6. 5a vīlú neut. pl., cf. i 71 2a. 10. 3b -prāā; 7a perhaps suvī-, § 167 i; 8d asmábhya. ### [c19.s1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.15) B. I 12–23. \[Gāyatrī hymns of a very regular type, not earlier than the normal period. Kaṇvāḥ 14 2a.\] ### [c19.s1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.16) 12. 5b smā. 14. 3a índrā-; 3b either mitrám agním with irregular Sandhi (§ 130 iv) as in Latin, or mitrāgní as a compound. 15. 6b mítra váruṇa § 174 ii; 6c ásathe; 12a santia: the statement in § 137 is to be deleted. 17. 3b and elsewhere índra váruṇa, see § 174 ii. 18. 1a correction is needed, e.g. to sómānaṁ súarṇaram or somaváham su-ávasam. 20. 3a probably násatiābhiām. 22. 19c yújia. 23. 2b, 3a índrā-; 15a utá; \*18c kártuam; \*19a probably non-metrical, cf. vii 66 16a; \*21c jiók. ### [c19.s1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.17) C. I 24–30. \[Dimeter hymns of the strophic period. Later additions appear both at the beginning and towards the end of the series.\] ### [c19.s1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.18) \*24. For the date see § 88; 12c áhuat; 12d sá; 13a áhuat; 15c perhaps aaditya, § 150: extended Triṣṭubh verse, or read te for táva. 25. 6a ásate; 12a viśváha. 26. 1a vásisva; 9b see § 152 ii. 27. 3c pāhí. 28. 6a smā; 7c hárīva with Sandhi. 30. 4a ū; 14a ghā tuávān; 17a áśvavatiā; 21b á ántād : perhaps parākáat, § 151 i. ### [c19.s1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.19) D. I 31–35. \[Trimeter hymns of the cretic period: but 33 in its metrical character is of the strophic or normal period.\] ### [c19.s1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.20) ³¹ 18d sumatí, § 139 iii. 33. 9a a ‘double rest’ (§ 226 iv) is hardly probable in this hymn: perhaps add tvám at the end of the verse. 14a, 14c Virāṭsthānā verses; 14a perhaps yásmi; 15c jiók. ### [c19.s1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.21) 34. 1c himiá; 4b trayidhá; 7c rathiā; 9d naasatya. 35. 6b, see § 178; 8b dhánuā, § 147; tŕ̥ṇi dhánvā would be more regular. 9d the hybrid Triṣṭubh verse invites correction, as by reading á for abhí. ### [c19.s1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.22) EF. I 36-50. \[Two typical Kaṇva collections: but both from the form and the contents a still earlier date is suggested for the first hymn.\] ### [c19.s1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.23) 36. 1c perhaps read vácobhir īmahe su-uktaíḥ, as a Vāsiṣṭhī verse; 4c sá; 8c Bhārgavī verse: perhaps read víṣā kánva abhuvat; 10c, 11a médhātithiḥ or médhya-atithiḥ? 12a perhaps needs correction; 12c śrútia; 15a pāhí; 17c, see § 152 ii. ### [c19.s1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.24) 37. 13a yāanti; 14c tátra sú; 15c áyu. 38. 2c kú, § 151 iii; 3c kúa, ib.; 4b mártiāsaḥ, ib.; 6a má ū ṣú. 39. 3c perhaps needs correction; 5c prá; 6a úpa; 6c perhaps áśruvat. 40. 1b tuā; 6a vocema; 7c dāśuán; 8d ná ‘not’ with hiatus, which is rare. 41. 7b probably -asya with hiatus, though the reading -āriamṇáḥ is metrically more convenient. 42. 2c smā; 6b vāśí-, see § 168 ii. 43. 4a gāthá-, § 166 ii; 6c nārībhiaḥ, § 170 iii. 44. 6c áyu. 45. 1b āditián; 5d tuā; 10b yákṣvā. 46. 1a eṣá; 2c perhaps vasū-, § 166 iv; 6c rāsathām; 10a bhá u for bhāḥ: the repetition of the particle u is impossible; 13c śambhu is probable, § 174 ic. 47. 9a nāsatiā. 48. 1d daásvatī; 3a ucchát, though against the metre; 3c asiāḥ is doubtful, being against the rhythm; 4a Bhārgavī verse, requiring correction: perhaps prá yé táva; 4d námā plural; 9c asmábhya; 10d śrudhí; 11a vámśuā; 12a vahā; 16b mimikṣvá. \*50. 13c máhyam, not máhya: for the rhythm cf. 10c. ### [c19.s1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.25) G. I 51-57. \[Of these hymns 51-54 are metrically akin to the Kutsa series i 94-115: 55-57 to the Gotama series i 74-93.\] ### [c19.s1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.26) 51. 2b ávr̥ta: á- may be the negative particle, § 167 iv; 6d evá; 8c bhavā; 14b dúria. 52. 7c yújia. 53. 2c pradīvo ‘kāma-; 5c prámati, § 139 iii; 5d áśvavatyā, § 168 ii; 7c sákhiā; 9a duíḥ; 10a perhaps útī for útibhiḥ. 54. 11b janaṣáḍ, § 166 vi c; 11d su-apatyaí. 56. 2a nemaníṣaḥ; 4a yádī. 57. 4b ārábhyā. ### [c19.s1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.27) H. I 58-64. \[The Gotama Nodhas hymns appear to be as early as any in the Rigveda: the refrain marks out i 59 as a later addition, and connects viii 80 and ix 93: see § 106 i. For the peculiar metre of i 61 see § 250 iii.\] ### [c19.s1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.28) ⁵⁸ 2b, 4c tr̥ṣú, §§ 160 i, 173 iii; 5d cárataḥ, cf. i 146 1c; 6a tuā; 8d Virāṭsthānā verse. 59. 4a requires correction, the metre being in disorder and the verb wanting: probably br̥hatíva with Sandhi; 7a mahiná, § 178. 60. 1b Virāṭsthānā verse. ### [c19.s1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.29) ⁶¹ 2b the verse is disordered, the true type being found in 3b: bádhe cannot stand; 8a probably Virāṭsthānā verse; 10a evá; 10c gáaḥ, § 142 ii; 11a Jagatī cadence: perhaps ápaḥ should be restored; 11d Virāṭsthānā verse; 12c gávaḥ, § 142 ii; 15b Gautamī verse rather than Pentad: perhaps īśānaḥ; 15c probably sūrye (Virāṭsthānā verse); 16a hariyojana, § 175 i, cf. i 62 13b. ### [c19.s1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.30) 62. 3a Rest at the fourth place; 5c \*bhūmyāḥ\*; 8c Pentad verse, but possibly Gautamī; 12a \*evá\*. 63. 4a irregular cadence, § 220 v; 5b perhaps \*mártiānām\*, § 151 iii; 5c \*kāṣṭhaah\*, § 142 i; 7c perhaps \*sudāáse\*, § 142 v; 8c \*asmábhya\*; 8d \*viśvádhā\*. 64. 9a Rest at the fourth place; 15a \*nú ū\*, § 124. ### [c19.s1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.31) K. I 65-73. \[The Pentad hymns 65-70 shew a very regular rhythm, and cannot be earlier than the strophic period. The text is rather imperfect, and needs correction where it conflicts with the standard metre. Hymns 71-73 are in very regular Triṣṭubh, probably of the normal period.\] ### [c19.s1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.32) 65. 9a perhaps \*śvásīti\*, § 178; 10b the long 9th syllable marks the full developement of this metre, § 249 ii. 66. 9a \*caráthā\* requires correction, § 178. 67. 2b read \*havirvát\*, cf. i 72 7d; 5a \*kṣáam\*, \*pṛthvím\*; 5b \*dyáam\*; 9b Triṣṭubh verse; 10b \*sammáyā\*, cf. § 158 iii: at least there is no other example of a gerund in \*-ya\* in the Rigveda proper. 68. 2d \*Virāṭsthānā\* verse: or read \*devánām deváḥ\*; 4b perhaps \*ámartam\*, cf. v 33 6b. 69. 8a probably read \*yád dhán\*; 8b \*vivér ápāṃsi\*, cf. vi 31 3d. 70. 3b \*cáratām\*, cf. § 178; 4d \*’mṛtáḥ\*; 5b \*su-uktaíḥ\*; 7b \*cárataḥ\*, cf. i 58 5d; 10a read \*purutrá náraḥ\*; 10b perhaps read \*védo ví\* \*babhruḥ\*, cf. iii 1 10a. ### [c19.s1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.33) 71. 2a \*vilú\* plural; 4b \*Virāṭsthānā\* verse; 4c \*sáhyase\*, § 151 iii; 9b perhaps \*súura\* or \*súria\*, more probably \*Virāṭsthānā\* verse: see § 151 i. 72. 8d \*yéna nú\*. 73. 1c \*siona-\*, \*priṇánāḥ\*; 6b \*sumádūdhniḥ\*, § 151 iii; 8a \*mártiān\*, ib.; 9b \*vanuyāma\*, \*tuóṭāḥ\* rather than \*tvá-ūtāḥ\*. ### [c19.s1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.34) L. I 74-93. \[Gotama collection: the hymns appear to be generally of the strophic period, 80-82, 91-93 being perhaps later. The collection is characterized by the comparative frequency of Jagatī and Paṅkti verse. See § 106 ii.\] ### [c19.s1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.35) ⁷⁴ 8c \*asthaat\*. 76. 1d Rest at the fifth place: \*daśema\*, § 178; 2b, 3a \*sú\*; 3c \*vahā\*. 77. 2c \*mártiāya\*, giving \*Virāṭsthānā\* verse; 2d \*ca\*, § 175 ii; 3a \*mária\*, § 151 ii; 3b \*Virāṭsthānā\* verse; 4a \*nṛṇáam\*; 5a \*evá\*, cf. \*evāṃ\* v 6 10a; 5b Gautamī verse. 79. 1c Rest at the fifth place; 5c \*asmábhya\*. 80. 3a \*préhi\*, § 173 i; 7b \*vajri\*, § 178; 15a \*nahí nú\*; 16b \*dadhíáṅ\*. 81. 6c \*asmábhya\*; 7c \*gṛbhāyā\*. 82. 1a \*úpa sú\*; \*śṛṇuhí\* as in text; 3a \*tuā\*. 4b \*śámiā\*; 6b Bhārgavī verse, needing correction. 84. 6a \*tuát\*; 6c \*tuā\*; 11b \*śriṇanti\*; \*16-18, see § 88; \*18b \*yajátai\* is a very late form; 20b \*caná\*, § 175 ii. 85. 5c \*sianti\*; 7b \*á nākam\*; 9c \*nári\* \*ápāṃsi\*; 10d \*ráṇia\*; 12a \*śármā\*; 12d \*dhattā\*. 86. 9b \*kartā\*. 87. 2a \*ácidhuam\*, § 151 ii; 4b \*ávṛtaḥ\*, see on i 51 2b; 6c \*vásimantaḥ\*, see § 168 ii. ### [c19.s1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.36) ⁸⁸ For the metre, see § 244 i; 1b hypersyllabic verse, § 224; 1d verse with double Rest, § 226 iv \*a\*; 2c requires emendation, but see § 226 iv \*b\*; 3c Rest at the fifth place. 89. 4b Rest at the fourth place: \*diaúḥ\*; 6a \*suastí\*; 6a, 6b \*Virāṭsthānā\* verses; 6c probably \*tárkṣió ’riṣṭa-\*; 9a \*nú\*; 9b \*yátra\*; 9d \*áyu\*. ### [c19.s1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.37) ⁹⁰ 2d \*viśváhā\*; \*9 cf. \*vii 35. 91. 11a \*tuā\*; 16-18 form one hymn, as indicated by the use of the verb \*á pyā\* in each stanza; 23b \*sahāvan\*, § 151 iii. 92. 3d \*áhā\*; 4d \*avar\*, § 169 vi; 7a \*bhaásvatī\*, ### [c19.s1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.38) netarí; 14c ví uccha; \*93 1-3: for the metre see note on p. 167: for the date see § 88. ### [c19.s1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.39) M. I 94-115. \[This collection stands alone in the Rigveda for the frequency of the cretic break: but 111 does not share this peculiarity. 105 is of the same type as i 24, and presupposes a dramatic setting: it is possible that some of the fragments are of earlier date.\] ### [c19.s1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.40) 94. 6c ártvijyā: ṛtvíyā is a probable correction; 12c sú. 95. 4a niṇiá, § 151 ii. \*97. 8a síndhum 'va. ### [c19.s1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.41) 100. 1b pṛthiviáh; 5a rudará, § 149 ii; 5b catalectic Bhārgavī verse, § 227 iii b, probably to be corrected: see also § 169 iii; 6b seems to require correction; 8c sá: irregular cadence; 16b Rest at the fifth place, or read rayáye, § 139 i: ṛjaráśuasya, § 151 ii; 17c ṛjráśuaḥ, § 145 ii b; 18b śáruā; 19a viśváhā. ### [c19.s1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.42) 102. 3d tváyādbhiaḥ; 7d ádha. 103. 5b dhattanā; 5c, 5d sá. ### [c19.s1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.43) 104. 1b Pentad verse; 1c avasáya: final -ā shortened before following vowel; 2a probably Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 2c dáasasya, § 151 i; 4c Rest at the fourth place; 5b ná 'as' combined, § 122; 6a sá; 6b bhajā; 8a as 2a; 9a tuā; 9d śṛṇuhī. ### [c19.s1.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.44) 105. 2a vá u, § 171 v (to be added); 2d paridáyā; 5a heptasyllabic verse; 7a sá; 7c vianti; 9b tátra; 15d návia; 16a Epic semi-cadence; 18c nicáyia. 106. 2b bhūtá. 108. 4b ū; 4d á with hiatus. 109. 2b siālát; 5b śuśravā, § 158 i. 110. 2d ágacchatā; 6a Triṣṭubh cadence, cf. 7a; 9b hybrid verse, unless we read índrarbhumán. ### [c19.s1.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.45) 111. 3a takṣatā. 112. 10b Bhārgavī verse, probably needing correction, as to ájá á, cf. 17b; 19b ghā. 113. 2a śvetiá; 4a bhaásvatī, netarí; 13b avaḥ; 16a irdhuam; 17c ucchā; 19d janayā. 114. 2c āyajé, § 178; 3b mīḍhuaḥ; 4a rudarám, § 149 ii; 5d asmábhya; 6b, 8c as 4a; 11b irregular break. 115. 2c yátra. ### [c19.s1.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.46) N. I 116-126. \[These hymns are very slightly connected by references to the Pajra family, and differ greatly in metre; see § 105 v. The first two hymns, and to a slighter extent 118 and 119 stand alone in the Rigveda in the regular use of iambic and cretic variations at the break side by side: see § 110 iv. The remaining hymns correspond generally to the types of the periods to which they are respectively assigned in the ‘Table of hymns.’\] ### [c19.s1.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.47) 116. 2c naasatyā here and frequently, the final vowel being often combined by Sandhi with the initial vowel of a word following; 6b agháśua § 145 ii b; 10c áyu; 14c utá; 16b ṛjráśua. 117. 1b 1c Virāṭsthānā verses; 2d asmábhya; 4c long ninth syllable, easily corrected by interchanging riṇīthaḥ and dāṃsobhiḥ; 14d ṛjarébhiḥ, § 151 ii; 18c ṛjráśua; 22c catalectic Bhārgavī verse: correction is probably required; 23d śrútia. 118. 7a Sandhi at caesura, § 214 iii. 119. 1b jiráśua, § 145 ii b. ### [c19.s1.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.48) 120. Both the text and the metre of stanzas 1-9 require emendation on a large scale: see § 244 ii. \*10-12. The most modern passage in the Rigveda, recording the poet's gratitude for the gift of a motor-car (\*rátha anaśvá\*): the extreme regularity of the metre is in striking contrast to the preceding stanzas: see also § 88. ### [c19.s1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.49) 121. 1a \*pátaram\* is possible, § 149 iii; 5c probably Virātsthānā verse, but see § 149 iv; 6c the same; 7a \*su-idhmá\*; 7d \*paśu-íse\*; 8a \*hárīhá\*, dual with Sandhi, § 128 ii; 8c irregular cadence; 8d \*vaatápyam\*, § 151 i; 13c \*prásyā\* (gerund); 15a probably \*dāsīt\*, § 178; 15c \*bhajā\*. ### [c19.s1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.50) 122. 1a \*páantam\*, § 142 iii \*a\*; 3a catalectic Bhārgavī verse, § 227 iii \*b\*; 3b probably \*apáam\*; 4c the same; 4d Virātsthānā verse; 5c the verse may be completed by interpreting \*ắm\* as an abbreviation for \*á voceya\*; 6c Rest at the fourth place; 6d supply \*śrótu naḥ\* at the beginning of the verse; 8c \*pajrébhiaḥ\* probably; 8d \*máhya\*; 9d \*hótarābhiḥ\* is possible, § 149 iii; 10b \*naráam\*: irregular cadence; 10d perhaps \*śúuraḥ\*, § 151 i; 11a irregular cadence; 12a Virātsthānā verse; 12c irregular cadence; 13c \*iṣṭá-aśva\* or \*iṣṭáśva\*, cf. § 145 ii \*b\*; 15c irregular cadence; 15d \*śúuraḥ\*, § 151 i. ### [c19.s1.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.51) 123. 8a \*adyá\*; 12d \*námā\*; 13c \*adyá\*. 124. 4a \*úpa\*; 5c \*ū\*; 8a \*jyáyasyai\* has probably replaced an older form \*jyáyase\* which served also as the feminine: cf. \*durvásase\* vii 1 19a; 8b \*-cákṣiā\*; 10c \*ucchā\*; 13a \*ástodhuam\*. 125. 3a \*adyá\*; 3c \*pāyaya\*; 3d \*vardhayā\*. 126. 4b \*śráyinim\*; \*6a hypersyllabic dimeter verse; 6c \*máhyam\*, cf. \*i 50 13c. ### [c19.s1.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.52) O. I 127-139. \[These hymns, outwardly similar, are very different in their internal structure. 127 and 129 are of very archaic character: on the other hand 136-139 are very regular. The later hymns are also marked by metres in which the dimeter verses greatly preponderate, and by occasional Bṛhatī and Triṣṭubh verses. The authorship is not known. See further § 201 ii.\] ### [c19.s1.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.53) 127. See § 242 i; 1a \*dásuantam\*, catalectic verse; 1f hypersyllabic opening, which requires correction, § 217: perhaps \*bhrájām\* for \*víbhrāṣṭim\*, cf. ix 98 3d; 2b \*jyáyisṭham\*: caesura after third syllable; 2d \*dyáam\*; 3b Rest at the fifth place; 3e \*vánam 'va\*; 4b \*aráṇī\* as plural is probable, see § 219; 5e \*vílū\*, \*śármā\* plural; 6c \*á árt-\*; 6g, 6h \*pánthaam\*; 7a extended Virātsthānā verse; 8b \*sárvāsaam\*; 9a, 10a as 3b; 10d catalectic verse; 11e probably catalectic verse. 128. 2g \*bhaár\*, § 151 i; 5e \*vásūnaam\*; 7f, 7g catalectic verses; 8a \*vásūdhiti\* probably, § 166 iv. ### [c19.s1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.54) 129. See § 242 i; 1a Virātsthānā verse (\*índra\* type); 1f omit \*anavadya\* and read as Virātsthānā verse; 2a \*śrudhī\*; 3d \*túbhya\*; 4b \*víśvā-āyum\*; 5a \*namā\*; 5d \*náyiṣi\*, § 142 iii \*b\*; 5f, 5g catalectic verses; 6a \*bhávia\*, § 151 ii; 6d \*sá\*; 7a Virātsthānā verse rather than \*hótarayā\*; 7e \*á īm\*; 8a \*prá-pra\*, § 175 ii: catalectic verse; 8d, 8e probably catalectic verses; 8f a trimeter verse should be restored; 9a perhaps \*rayíṇā\*, § 139 i; 9b \*yāhī\*; 9f Bhārgavī verse, probably requiring emendation, § 227 ii \*b\*; 10a perhaps \*rayíṇā\*; 11a \*pāhī\*, verse with double Rest, § 226 iv \*a\*; 11g read \*tuā\* and omit \*jíjanat\*, § 152 i. ### [c19.s1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.55) ¹³⁰ 1d \*tuā\*; 2a Virātsthānā verse (\*índra\* type): \*svánām\*, § 140 iii; 3b \*vayáḥ\*, § 151 i; 4b, 4c \*śiat\*; 4d \*viviánā\*; 6a \*vasuyántaḥ\*, § 168 iii; 10c Pentad verse, § 227 i \*b\*; 10d probably \*áhabhiḥ\*: Rest at fifth place. 131. 3b \*gávia\*, § 151 ii; 6a \*utá\*; 6f Virātsthānā verse; 6g \*śrudhī\*; 7d \*jahī\*. 132. 1b \*sasahyāma\*, § 169 iii; 2b two syllables are wanting; 6d, 6e catalectic verses. ### [c19.s1.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.56) 133. \*1–5 see § 88; \*1c abhivlágyā; \*2c chindhí; \*4c a syllable is wanting; 6a hypersyllabic verse, unless śrudhí is a gloss: dādr̥hí; 6f hypersyllabic verse, § 224; 7c devánaam; 7e ávr̥taḥ, § 167 iv. 134. 2d perhaps írádhiai, § 146 ii; 3d catalectic verse; 3f cakṣayā; 5g asuryát, § 135; 6a eṣaam; 6b sómānaam; 6d utá. 135. 1b Rest at the fifth place; 2f váhā; 4f Gautamī verse, cf. § 226 iii a, rather than candará; 5b Virāṭsthānā verse; 5f índrāvāyū; 8a vahathe, § 170 i; 9a vāyu, § 170 ii f. 136. 3d āsate; 4e adyá; 6f jiók. 138. 2f Gautamī verse; 3f hybrid verse; 4a sū; 4b, 4c ujáśua. 139. 1c índrāvāyū; 5c dāsit, § 178; 8a má sū; 11b the insertion of yé at the beginning of the verse is metrically desirable. ### [c19.s1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.57) P. I 140–164 \[The collection is similar in character to Maṇḍala vii. See § 107 ii.\] ### [c19.s1.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.58) 140. 1a vedíṣade, § 166 ii; 4b ū júvaḥ requires correction, perhaps to jújuvaḥ or dhíjúvaḥ; 7b evá; 10c probably avásiā; 13a abhí; 13c perhaps to be corrected, as to gávyam yánto yáviam dīrghá áhā. 141. 8a Rest at the fourth place: yaatáḥ; 10c nú; 11c raśmímr 'va with Sandhi; 12a sudíótmā, § 151 ii: jirá-aśvaḥ; 13a śímivadbhiḥ, § 168 ii. 142. 1b adyá; 2a the semi-cadence here and in 7a indicates a transition to Epic Anuṣṭubh; 8d adyá. 143. 7c dídiat. 144. 4d purú adverb, § 160 i; 6d āsate. 145. 1a jagāma; 1b sá, § 175 i; 4b yújía; 5a, 5d Rests at the fifth place; 5a ápia. 146. 2c urviáḥ; 3c anapāvṛjyá, § 167 i. 147. 1b Gautamī verse; 2c tuaḥ the second time; 3d ná ha, § 175 ii; 4c sá; 5a sahasia. 148. 1b víśva-pūṣam, cf. i 162 22b: cf. H. Oldenberg in Sacred Books of the East, vol. xlvi, p. 174; 2c Gautamī verse; 3a nú; 4b Rest at the fifth place; 5a perhaps add yám at end of the verse; 5d probably Virāṭsthānā, but see § 142 iii b. ### [c19.s1.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.59) 149. 2c Pentad verse; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse; 3c śúuraḥ, § 151 i, śatá-atmā; 4a Pentad verse; 4c apáam is doubtful here; 5a verse with double Rest, § 226 iv b. 150. For the metre see § 242 ii; 1a dāśuán. 151. 1a śímīa; 3a ródasoḥ, § 151 iii; 4a asurā, § 174 ii; 4d gáam, § 142 ii, yuñjathe, § 170 i; 6b mítrā...váruṇa, § 166 i; 8d āsathe; 9a dadhathe, āsathe. 153. 1a Pentad verse; 2a Virāṭsthānā verse; 4c utá. 154. 1d trayidhá; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse. 155. 1a páantam, § 142 iii a; 1c perhaps restore sánavi: delete the comment on p. 144; 3d see § 178; 4d Sandhi at caesura; 5b abhikhyáyā: Virāṭsthānā verse. 156. 1c ádha. ### [c19.s1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.60) 157. 3b jiráśuaḥ probably. 158. 1c aucathiá probably, § 136 i; 3b Rest at the fourth place. 159. 2a Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s1.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.61) \*161. 1c nindimā; 8a hybrid verse with irregular opening, or (more probably) with irregular Sandhi idódakám, § 130 iv; 8d mādayādhuai; 12a sammílyā; 12c ásapatā; 14a bhúmi agníḥ; 14c Rest at the fifth place. \*162. 4a haviṣyàm (y cons.); 6d utá; 7a probably smán ma adhāyi, § 151 iii; 8b śírṣaṇyā (y cons.); 14b probably four syllables are missing, read as 16c; 15a tuā; 16c contains no trace of rhythm, and needs correction: read yát saṇdánam yác 'ca pádbīṣam árvataḥ; 16d Pentad verse, probably requiring correction; 19a áśuasya, §§ 151 ii, 175 i; 20b tanvàḥ (v cons.); 22a sugáviam possibly, § 151 ii: we have then a Bhārgavī verse, § 227 ii b. \*163. 3b gúhia; 10c śrayiṇiśáḥ. ### [c19.s1.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.62) \*164. 7a i, § 178; 13d evā; 16c as 7a; 17a, 23d hybrid verses: in 23d perhaps omit ít; 32a sá; 35b Rest at the fifth place; 38c perhaps víṣu-añcā, § 166 iv; 40c addhí; 40d píbā; 45d hybrid verse; 48c Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s1.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.63) Q. I 165–190. Māna collection. \[One of the most homogeneous collections in the Rigveda: but 173, 174, 186 have the archaic character more strongly marked than the rest of the hymns. The late hymns 170, 179 have found their way into this collection in consequence of its ascription to Agastya. See § 106 iii.\] ### [c19.s1.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.64) ¹⁶⁵ 3a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 6a svadhá (final -ā shortened before following vowel): but āsīt is a very doubtful form in this hymn, and more probably we should read siá and then svadhá āh; 7a bhūrī (plur.); 8d cakarā, § 158 i; 10b nú; 11b śrútia: cakrá; 12c -cáksiā; 13b yātanā; 13d bhūtā; 14b Virāṭsthānā verse; 14c varttā; 15c a dative vayáyai seems required. 166. 1c aidhé'va, Bollensen O. and O. ii 473; 1d yudhé 'va ib.; 12d árādhuam; 13b purúṣāṃsa appears to be a proper name, § 160 i. 167. 1a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 1b hybrid verse; 1c Rest at the fourth place: rayáyah, § 139 i; 2b bṛhádivaiḥ, § 178; 2c ádhā yád; 4a ayāsaḥ § 151 i and yaviyā § 173 ii are doubtful; 6c Rest at the fifth place; 7b Rest at the fourth place; 8a paánti; 8b aryamā; 9a nahí nú; 10a adyá: práyisṭha, Virāṭsthānā verse; 10b śuáh; 10d narāám. ### [c19.s1.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.65) ¹⁶⁸ 1b omit u, giving a catalectic verse; 1c ródasoḥ, cf. ix 22 5a; 2c apáam; 3a tṛptá-aṃśavaḥ; 5c dhanua-cyútaḥ, § 147: iṣáam; 6b āyayá; 6c cyāvayathā. 169. 1c marútaam; 2c Rest at the fourth place; 4c cākánanta, § 169 iii; 5b Virāṭsthānā verse: but see § 142 iii b; 5c sú; 5d gātúyanti, § 168 iii; 6c ádhā: hybrid verse. \*170. 1a śuáh; 4a catalectic verse. ### [c19.s1.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.66) ¹⁷¹ 1d dhattá; 6a sáhyasaḥ is probable. 172. 1a catalectic verse; 3a nú; 3b vṛṅktá. 173. 2c catalectic Bhārgavī verse, § 227 iii b; 3a sádmā; 4a requires correction, § 225; 4c double Rest, § 226 iv b; 4d Virāṭsthānā verse; 5b probably Rest at the fourth place, but see § 151 i; 7c irregular cadence: the resolution of o in kṣoṇíḥ is very doubtful, but see § 151 i; 8c bhuut; 8d yádī; 9b narāám; 11a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 11c perhaps tatṛṣāṇā, § 169 iii; 12b avayájaḥ, § 151 iii after Th. Benfey; 12c perhaps yaviyā, § 173 ii. ### [c19.s1.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.67) ¹⁷⁴ 1a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 2c Rest at the fifth place: anavadya árṇāḥ; 3b dyáam or díām; 3d Pentad verse, or read dáma ā; 4a nú: perhaps sásmi, § 178; 5a váhā; 5b váatasya áśvā; 6a double Rest, § 226 iv a: mitrá-īrūn Grassmann: but emendation is rather required; 7b kṣaám; 8c Rest at the fifth place; 9b Virāṭsthānā verse; 9d caesura after the third syllable; 10a tvám; 10b, 10c perhaps Pentad verses: otherwise narāám, spṛdháam. 175. 4c váhā: catalectic verse; 4d vátasya áśuaiḥ, § 151 ii, or perhaps váatasyaśuaiḥ with long fifth syllable; 6b máyo 'va. 176. 3b kṣitīnāam; 5c catalectic verse. ### [c19.s1.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.68) ¹⁷⁷ 2c, 3a tiṣṭhā; 4a devayā 'yám with Sandhi, § 130 ii; 4d niṣādyā: hárīhá with Sandhi, § 128 ii; 5a súṣṭutaḥ (nom.) is probable. 178. 1c Rest at the fifth place; 5c ū. ### [c19.s1.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.69) ¹⁸⁰ 3c Rest at the fourth place; 4a extended Triṣṭubh verse; 5b perhaps gávaḥ, § 142 ii, cf. i 181 8d; 6c Rest at the fifth place: ### [c19.s1.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.70) váataḥ; 9c probably suáśviam, giving an extended Triṣṭubh verse, cf. 4a. 181. 1a práyiṣṭhā iṣáam; 1d vásūdhiti, § 166 iv; 5a extended Triṣṭubh verse; 7b trayidhá; 8c pipáya; 8d as 180 5b. 182. 2c vahathe, § 170 i; 3a ásathe; 8c adyá. 183. 5c ṛjuyá, § 168 iii. 184. 1a adyá; 1b ucchántīam; 1c sánta with -ā shortened, § 174 i a; 1d sudaás-, § 142 v; 2a sú; 3a iṣukíte 'va, Bollensen; 4a mādhūī; 5b mániebhīḥ or Rest at the fourth place. 185. 9c bhūrí cid perhaps as adverb: sudaás-, § 142 v. ### [c19.s1.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.71) 186. 2c Pentad verse; 3a Rest at the fifth place; 5b caesura after the third syllable; 5c apáam; 6a tváṣṭa á; 7d narám; 8c caesura combined with Sandhi; 9a nú; 9c ádhā; 9d perhaps pruṣayánta, cf. § 168 iii; 10a prá ū; 10c váataḥ; 11a vo 'smé. 187. 1a may be restored thus: pitúm nú ū astaviṣam, cf. § 151 i; 2b tuā; 4a tié; 6b devánaam; 7c átra; 7d catalectic verse; 11a, 11b probably need emendation. 188. 5a we should probably read vibhūḥ prabhūḥ, cf. § 166 iv. 189. 1a náyā; 2c Rest at the fifth place: púuḥ (§ 151 i) is more than doubtful; 3a yuyodhī; 4a pāhī; 6a ghā tuávān; 7d an irregular verse, both in the opening and the break. 190. 3d bhīmó 'raks-, with Sandhi at the caesura; 6a supra-étuḥ, suyávasaḥ; 7c Rest at the fourth place. ### [c19.s1.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s1.72) \*191. 1a, 3a, 5c catalectic verses; 6a pṛthví, § 151 iii; 6c catalectic verse. 10-13. The metre here is disturbed, see § 194. In 10c the sense requires that nó should belong to the following verse, and in 10f the unaccented tuā is clearly out of place at the beginning. In 13c there is a further disturbance owing to the words áré asya being placed earlier in the verse. 14a heptasyllabic verse; 16d hyper-syllabic verse. ### Maṇḍala II ### [c19.s2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.1) \[The collection as a whole is of the normal period, and the metre is very regular, Jagatī being prominent. The few archaic hymns, such as 4, 11, 19, 20, 22, 41 16-18 seem to represent the original collection of the Gṛtsamada family. See § 109 ii.\] ### [c19.s2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.2) ¹ 1b adbhíḥ; 7d probably dáma á as in 8a, § 151 iii; ta ávidhat, § 169 vi; 8d no caesura, § 214; 13a aadityásaḥ, § 150; 14c suadanta, § 145 vi. 2. 1a Rest at the fourth place, yet strange in this hymn: vardhatā; 2d bhaasi, § 142 iii a; 7b śrútiai; 9b pipáya: bṛhádiveṣu, § 178; 11a sahasia. 3. 3c vahā: extended Triṣṭubh verse; 6a sādhū, §§ 160 i, 173 iii; 6b vayíe 'va; 6c catalectic verse; 11b ū; 11c vahā. 4. 1a -diótmanam, § 151 ii; 2a apáam; 2d probably deván as gen. pl. (cf. vi 11 3b, 51 2b), and jīrá-aśvaḥ; 3b Rest at the fourth place: kṣeṣiántaḥ; 4a suyávaseva, § 151 iii; 5d Rest at the fifth place; 6a perhaps taṛṣāná, § 169 iii; 6b probably svaniṣṭa, § 151 iii; 6c kṛṣṇá-adhvā; 6d diaúḥ; 7b suayúḥ; 8b Rest at the fourth place; 8d su-apatyám: hybrid verse; 9c Rest at the fifth place. ### [c19.s2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.3) ⁵ 7a suáḥ suáya. 6. 1c ū śú; 5b anarváṇam, § 170 ii c; 7c jányo 'va. \*8. 6a Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence: see p. 42. 9. 2a ū; 2d dídiat; 5a vasavyám, § 135; 5d kṛdhí: su-apatyásya. 10. 2d áruṣā (dual) with hiatus; 5a prati-áñcam. ### [c19.s2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.4) 11. For the metre see § 250 i; 1d, 2b Triṣṭubh verses; 2c perhaps ámartaṃ; 3a ít should probably be omitted: nú; 3b rudríyeṣu ca requires emendation, the omission of ca being the first step; 4c probably omit indra; 5c utá: tastambhuáṃsam, § 145 ii c; 6a as 4c; 6b stavā, § 151 iii; 7b asvaríṣṭam, § 151 iii; 7d Rest at the fourth place; 8d Triṣṭubh verse; 9d, 10b Triṣṭubh openings; 10d Rest at the fifth place; 12b Triṣṭubh verse; 13c as 9d; 15a vyántu ín nú; 15c double Rest; 17a omit ít; 17b as 9d; 17c priṇánā; 17d yáhí: Pentad verse; 19a, 20a as 9d; 21 concluding verse borrowed from ii 19. ### [c19.s2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.5) ¹² 4c jigiván, § 178; 5c sá 'ryáh; 5d dhattá; 7c uṣásam, § 170 ii a. 13. 1a tásīāḥ, § 146 i; 4b rayím 'va; 8d adyá; 9a á 'diaḥ, § 145 iii; 13a vasu, § 170 ii f; 13b vasavyám, § 135. The last stanza properly belongs to 14. 1d juhótā; 2b aśānī 'va, § 139 iii; 2c bharatā; 3d ūṛṇutā; 5b, 5c Rests at the fourth place; 11b kṣámia. 15. 5c utsnáyā; 7a Rest at the fourth place. 16. 5a catalectic verse. 17. 5d secondary caesura, § 213 ii: dyáam; 6c perhaps śayádhiai, § 146 ii; 6d on ávṛṇak see § 169 vi; 8d kṛdhí. 18. 1a perhaps read náva ayoji; 2b utá tritíyam; 2d sá. The cadence is probably, but not certainly, that of Jagatī, cf. i 140 2c; 3c má sú; 4a duábhyaṃ; 5b hypersyllabic opening, § 217; 5d á ṣaṣṭiá; 5d, 6a perhaps saptatī, navatī, cf. § 139 iii; 7c vihávia; 8c jyáyisṭhe; 8d jigiván, § 178. ### [c19.s2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.6) ¹⁹ 1b svánāsya, § 140 iii: Virāṭsthānā verse; 3a Virāṭsthānā verse (índra type); 3d perhaps áhnaam; 4a sá; 5a requires emendation; 5b probably sátvā, § 178; 7b perhaps śravasiá, § 151 ii. 20. 1a sú; 1c dídhiataḥ; 1d no caesura, § 214; 2a Rest at the fourth place, if we read tuábhiḥ: but more probably a double Rest, cf. § 226 iv; 2b -pāḥ asi with Sandhi, § 130 ii; 2c Virāṭsthānā verse; 2d Rest at the fourth place; 3a double Rest of an irregular type, § 227 iii c; 3b narāam; 5a sá; 5c uṣásaḥ, § 170 ii; 5c sátvā, § 178; 6d Virāṭsthānā verse; 7b dáasiḥ (§ 151 i) is here unlikely; 8a tavasyàm; a change of accent is probably required, § 135; 8b Gautamī verse; 8d hatví is suspicious in so early a hymn: by restoring ghnán the metre becomes correct: but see §§ 130 i, 219. ### [c19.s2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.7) ²² For the metre see Ch. ix, App. Nos. 87, 79 and 84. ### [c19.s2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.8) ²³ 2a asuríya; 7b mártiaḥ, § 151 iii; 8a tanúnaam; 9b vásū (plur.); 13a catalectic verse; 14c kṛṣvā. 24. 4a áśmāsiām; 5a bhávituā; 5b perhaps insert vi before dúraḥ; 6d ū; 14b kármā, probably plural. 25. 3a śímivān; 5b śármā. 26. 2a vihī; 4a ávidhat, § 169 vi; 4c rákṣati, § 175 i. 27. 4c asuryám, § 135; 6c probably āditiáḥ; 10c rāsvā; 13a suyávasa; 15d sādhú, with -ū of dual shortened before a vowel, § 174 i c; 16d the verse seems to require rearrangement, as uráv áriṣṭaḥ śárman á siāma. 28. 6a ápa sú: bhyásam, § 151 iii; 7b bhriṇánti. 29. 1a áadityāḥ; 5a mimayā. ### [c19.s2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.9) ³⁰ 1c yaati, § 142 iii a; 5a kṣipā; 9b abhikhyáyā; 10b vīryà (y cons.), § 135 a; 10c jiók; 11d śrútia. 31. 1d hṛ́sivant; 4c bṛhadivā; 5b apijú, see § 167 v; 5c pṛthivī; 7c irregular double Rest (§ 227 iii c) requiring emendation. 32. 1d vasuyú, § 168 iii; \*5b, \*5d catalectic verses; \*7c viśpátniai. ### [c19.s2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.10) ³³ 1d here and often rudarā, a form probably invented by the poet, see § 149 ii; 4c arpayā; 7d abhí nú; 8c for the caesura see § 213 ii; 9d asuryám; 13c ávṛṇita, § 175 i. 34. 3a, 13c átia only in ### [c19.s2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.11) this hymn and Maṇḍala ix, § 151 ii: 3d \*yāthā\*. 35. 5a \*avyathiáya\*; 6a \*svàr\*, § 135, but perhaps rather extended Triṣṭubh verse; 7b \*pipāya\*; 7c, 13c \*sá ’pám\* with Sandhi. 36. 1a extended Pentad verse, § 227 iii \*a\*: like 24 5b above, it calls for emendation. ### [c19.s2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s2.12) 37. 1c \*bharatā\*; 3c \*abhígūríā\*. 38. 5a \*dúria\*; 7a \*ápia\*; 9c \*ná\* ‘not’ with hiatus; 10b \*gnáaspáti\*, § 142 i. 39. 1a \*grávāṇā ’va\* with Sandhi, and so frequently in this hymn; 3c \*vástav usrā́h\*, § 170 ii e. 41. 3a \*adyā́\*; 3b \*índrā-vāyū\*; 4a perhaps \*mitra varuṇa\*; 5c \*āsate\*; 7a \*sú, naasatyā\*; 7b \*ásvavat\*; 8a \*ná\* ‘not’ with hiatus; 10b \*abhí\*, § 167 iii; 12a \*ásābhiāḥ\*; 16a \*ámbītame\* is probable, § 166 ii; 16b \*dévītame\* as 16a; 17b \*devíām\*; 17c \*matsuā\*; 18a \*bráhmā\* (plur.); 18c \*mánmā\*. \*42. 3a \*krandā\*. \*43. 2b \*brahmaputró ’va\*; 2c hybrid verse: \*apítīā\*. ### Maṇḍala III ### [c19.s3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.1) \[This collection is singularly homogeneous: it is also very regular, but characterized by a fairly frequent use of the Vāsiṣṭhī verse. See § 110 i.\] ### [c19.s3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.2) ¹ 1c \*dídiat\*; 2a \*cakrmā\*; 6a \*vavrája\*; 15d \*dámia\*; 16b \*dhániā\*; 23c \*siát\*. 2. 7c \*sá\*; 8a \*namasyátā\*; 8b \*dámia\*; 11d \*vásū\* (plur.). 3. 7a \*su-apatyé\* : \*áyavi\* is probable. 4. 9b \*siasva\*, § 148 vi. 5. 2a \*prá íd ū\*. 6. 1b \*nayatā\*; 3a \*diaúḥ\*; 6c \*vahā\*: probably Virāṭsthānā verse; 10c \*prácī ’dhv-\*, § 128 ii: but \*prák\* or \*prácā\* as an adverb is more probable. 7. 5d \*gánia\*; 6a, 10c \*utá\*. 8. 3b \*prthiviáḥ\*; 7c \*viantu\*; 9a \*śrayiṇíśaḥ\*. 10. 3c \*sá’gne\* with Sandhi. 11. 6a probably \*abhīyújaḥ\*, § 167 iii. 13. 1b catalectic verse; 7a \*rāsvā\*. 14. 2b \*túbhya\*; 6a \*tuát\*. 15. 5a \*śármā\*; 6a \*pipayā\*. ### [c19.s3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.3) ¹⁶ For the metre see § 94 viii; 5b perhaps \*avíratāya\* (neuter); 6c \*sṛjā\*, and see § 213 ii. 17. 3d \*bhavā\*. 18. 2a \*tápā\*; 4a \*sátvā\*, § 178. 19. 3b \*śíkṣā, su-apatyá\*; 4c \*vahā\*. ### [c19.s3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.4) ²⁰ 1a \*uṣásam\*, § 170 ii a; 1c \*śṛṇuantu\*, § 147; 2c \*ū\*; 5d \*ādityán\*, giving irregular break (§ 218 vi), followed by short eighth and tenth syllables: this seems more probable than reading \*aadityán\* and then Jagatī cadence. 21. 5c \*stokáḥ ścotanti te vaso\* is a probable arrangement. 22. 1a \*sá\* and perhaps \*yásmi\*; 1d \*sasanván\*. 23. 4a Rest at the fifth place. 24. 1b \*ápāsiā\*. 26. 1a \*nicáyia\*. 27. 2c perhaps \*dhitávanam\*, § 170 ii; 14a \*vṛṣā\*; 15c \*dídiatam\*; \*28 see p. 42; \*29 see p. 42; 2a \*aráṇioḥ\*; 4b \*prthiviáḥ\*; 6c perhaps \*ánīvṛta\*, § 167 i; 8a \*sídā\*; 9b \*itanā\*. ### [c19.s3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.5) ³⁰ 4d \*nímite ’va\*; 13d \*kármā\* (plur.); 15a \*díhyā\*; 20c \*suaryávah, túbhya\*; 21c \*diváksā ’si\*: for the Sandhi see § 130 ii; 21d \*sú\*. 31. 2a \*tánua\*; 9c \*nú\*; 13a \*yádi\*; 13b \*ródasīyoḥ\*, § 173 ii; 14d \*sú\*; 15a \*purucandrám\*; 20c extended Triṣṭubh verse, unless we correct by reading \*índra tvám naḥ\*. 32. 6b for the possible Sandhi see § 130 iii : but \*sártavā u\* is probably the right reading, § 171 v; 8a \*kármā\*; 15a \*suáhā\*, § 145 vi; 16b \*ná\* ‘not’ with hiatus. ### [c19.s3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.6) ³³ \*13a Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence. ### [c19.s3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.7) ³⁴ 6b \*kármā\*; 7b \*devébhiaḥ\*; 8b \*sasanvámsam\*; 9d \*prá ’riam\*. 35. 3a \*úpa\*; 7d \*túbhya\*; 9d, 10a \*píbā\*. 36. 1d \*mahábhiḥ\*, § 178; 6b \*rathío ’va\*; 9a \*bharā\*. 38. 2d \*nú\*; 5a \*jíāyān\*; 7c \*asuríyam\*. 39. 8c \*bhúrí\* cit probably. ### [c19.s3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.8) 40. 2b haryā; 3a dhitávanam, § 170 ii c; 5a dadhiṣvá. 41. 6a mandasva. 43. 5c mè ’rṣim: for the Sandhi see § 130 i; 7a píbā. 44. 2a uṣásam, § 170 ii. 45. 1b yāhí; 2c hárioh. 46. 5a -díāvā, § 145 vi. 47. 2c jahí; 3c tuā. 48. 3a upastháyā. 49. 1a perhaps yásmi, § 178; 2a nú; 2d áyu, § 178. ### [c19.s3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.9) 51. 10b rādhānaam. \*52. See p. 43; 6c tuā; 8a bharatā. 53. 2d no caesura, § 214; 4d dhanuā, § 147; 11a prétā; 11c extended Triṣṭubh verse; 16c catalectic verse; \*17c pātalye (y cons.), § 135 a; \*22c Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence. 54. 1c dámia; 4a utá; 4d pṛthivī; 17b bhávathā; 20c aadityaíḥ, § 150. 55. 1a uṣásaḥ, § 170 ii; 2a má; 3b didie; 17b sá ’nyásmin; 18a, 18b nú. 56. 3b tri-ūdhá is not required by the metre, but seems probable. 57. 5d sādayā: ca, § 175 ii; 6d rásvā. ### [c19.s3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s3.10) 58. 6b apparently jahnáviām, with irregular cadence. 59. 2d hypersyllabic verse, § 224: Sandhi combination of all the words in the first part of the verse is unlikely. 60. 5d matsuā; 6b śáciā. 61. 4b probably uṣá á yāti. 62. 1b tújia; 2a ū; 4c rásvā; 7a pūṣan, but see § 177 iii; 7c túbhya; 15a áyu; 16a abhí should probably be read for á, a heptasyllabic verse being improbable in this collection: perhaps mitra varuṇa. ### Maṇḍala IV ### [c19.s4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.1) \[This Maṇḍala is also of a homogeneous character, except so far as the metrical standard varies between those of the strophic and normal periods. Lyric verse is rare. See § 109 i.\] ### [c19.s4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.2) ¹ For the metres of stanzas 1-3 see Ch. ix, App. Nos. 75, 62 and 83; 1e janatā; 2a hypersyllabic verse, § 224, unless agne be omitted, § 152 i: vavṛtsuā; 2c jyáyisṭham; 3a vavṛtsuā; 5c yakṣvā; 5d mṛḷíkám; 7d probably ariáḥ, § 151 ii; 9c dúria; 10d diaúḥ; 12d for the Sandhi see § 127 b; 13a manuṣyàḥ (y cons.), § 135 a; 15b gáaḥ, § 142 ii; 17b devíáḥ; 17d ṛjú (plur.); 19c Rest at the fifth place; 20a, 20b víśveṣaam. ### [c19.s4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.3) ² 1c mahinā, § 151 ii; 2d the verse as it stands has a Rest at the fifth place and a long ninth syllable: but śukrán should probably be corrected; 4d ū, vahā; 5a the cadence becomes regular if yajñáḥ and aśví are interchanged; 7d daásvān, § 142 v; 8d dāśuáṃsam; 10c hótārā, § 149 iii; 11c su-apat-; 12b dúria; 12c dṛśia; 13c bharā; 18c mártānaam; 19c sucandrá; 19d caesura after third syllable. ### [c19.s4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.4) ³ 3b sumṛḷíkāya in spite of the metre, § 178; 4a sámiai; 5d Gautamī verse; 6c náasatyāya: yakṣé, A. Ludwig; 6d probably a Gautamī verse, as 5d, rather than with rudaráya: but see § 149 ii; 9d probably Rest at the fifth place: pipāya; 11b Pentad verse; 12c Gautamī verse; 13b má for má before vowel; 13d Pentad or Gautamī verse: 14b Rest at the fifth place: priṇánáḥ; 14c rujā; 16a túbhya; 16b niṇiá, § 151 ii. ### [c19.s4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.5) ⁴ 1c Rest at the fifth place: druṇánáḥ; 1d vídhya is probable; 2d, 3a sṛjā; 8b sám devátātā, H. Oldenberg; 12d paantu is doubtful, on account of the rhythm; 13d ná ha, § 175 ii; 14b asíama, § 147 i; 14c sūdayā. 5. 2a máhya; 5a viántaḥ; 5d ajanata, § 175 i; 14c ihá, ### [c19.s4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.6) § 175 ii. 6. 1a sú; 2c perhaps ūrdhuám; 3c navajāáh, § 142 i; 4c paśupááh ib.; 6d tanūí, § 158 iv; 9b ṛju-áñcaḥ; 9d ahuanta, § 142 iii. 7. 1c perhaps virūrucúḥ, § 169 ii; 11a tṛṣū, probably plural, cf. § 160 i; 11d caesura after the third syllable. 8. 2a véda: perhaps vásūdhiti, § 166 iv; 6b sasanvámśaḥ. 9. 1a mṛḷá; 2c víśveṣaam; 3a sádmā (plur.); 4b utá. ### [c19.s4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.7) 10. For the metre see § 249 iii; 1d ṛdhiāma, § 147 i; 4c perhaps daśema, § 178. 11. 2d rāsvā. 12. 6c evá. 15. 7a catalectic verse; 9a, 10a deva with -ā shortened before vowel, § 174 i a. 16. 11b hárioḥ and probably īśānaḥ, § 178; 11c gádhia; 12c mṛṇā; 15a Rest at the fifth place: vasuyántaḥ, § 168 iii; 20b probably Rest at the fifth place; 21a nú ū. ### [c19.s4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.8) 17. 1a túbhya; 1c Rest at the fifth place; 15a extra verse belonging to 14. \*18. 2a durgáham etád with Sandhi, § 130 iv; 2d tuena twice; 4c nahí nú; 5a avadyám 'va; 11b tuā. 19. 4b váar, § 151 i; 5b extended Triṣṭubh. 20. 1a the resolution duurát (§ 151 i) is improbable: dūrát and índraḥ may well be interchanged; 4a ū śú; 4c páaḥ; 5b śíṇia; 6b evá. ### [c19.s4.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.9) 21. This hymn contains several Virāṭsthānā verses, which are unusual in this Maṇḍala: namely 6c, 7a, 7c, 10a; 1d diaúḥ; 2a stavathā; 5c Rest at the fifth place, unless we transfer á to the beginning of this verse; 6a yádī; 8b apáam; 9a súkṛtā, dual with Sandhi. 22. 3a devá || -tamaḥ; 3b mahábhiḥ, § 178; 3d diáam; 4b diaúḥ; 7b irregular break; 9d jahí. 23. 6b bhrátarám, § 149 iii. 25. 1a adyá: Rest at the fourth place; 2b vástav. ### [c19.s4.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.10) ²⁶ 4a sú; 4b caesura after the third syllable; 5a yádī. The violent disturbance of the metre which extends from 6b to 7a must be due to some corruption of the text. The original may have run somewhat as follows: parávataḥ śakunó mádhumantam | sómam bharad devávān dāḍrhāṇó | divá ādáya úttarāmāt || ādáyā sómam abharac chienáḥ: for devávān see § 168 ii, for śienáḥ § 145 vi; 7d Pentad verse. 27. 3b yádī; 3c jyám with y consonant stands here alone in the Rigveda proper, § 140 iii; 4a índravataḥ, § 168 ii. 28. 3c krátuā is probable, but very rare, § 151 ii; 3d śáruā, § 139 v; 5d perhaps kṣáaḥ, § 142 i: tāṭrdāná, § 169 iii. ### [c19.s4.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.11) ²⁹ There are many irregularities in the break, namely in 1d, 2c, 3a, 3d, 4c. 30. 3a tuā; 3b perhaps yūyudhuḥ, § 169 iii; 8d extra verse; 9b catalectic verse; 14a irregular cadence; 20b āsiat; 24d extra verse. 31. 3a abhí śú; 4a probably abhí, § 167 iii; 4a vavṛtsuā; 5b ha, § 175 ii; 6c tvé; 7a tvám, long fifth syllable; 11a ihá, § 175 ii: vṛṇiṣuā. 32. 3a long seventh syllable; 4b tuā; 6a bhūyáma sú tuávataḥ; 10c abhítīā; 14b matsuā; 23a kanīnaké 'va; 23c śobhate, § 170 i. ### [c19.s4.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.12) ³³ 7a duádaśa; 10a caesura after the third syllable: but, as this is strange in this hymn, we may perhaps read yé medháya hári ukthá. 34. 1d agmata, § 175 i; 3d agriyáḥ utá combined, § 130 ii; 4c píbatā; 4d see § 178; 6d pātā. 35. 2d vicakrá, § 158 i; 5a śácīā 'kartā; 5b, 5c śácya 'kartā. 36. 4a cakrā, § 158 i; 8a dhiṣáṇābhiaḥ. 37. 4b Virāṭsthānā verse; 7b citana, § 159 iii; 8b násatiā, § 150 ii; 8d śastā. ### [c19.s4.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.13) ³⁸ 1a utá, § 171 iv: dātará, § 149 iii; 1c kṣetrásāam, § 142 i; 4a gádhia; 5d ca ácchā; 6b śráyiṇibhiḥ. 39. 2d perhaps tárutram, ### [c19.s4.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.14) § 169 v; 4d perhaps índaram, § 149 i; \*6c surabhí (plur.). 40. 1a nú; 2c Rest at the fifth place; 4c -távituat, §§ 151 ii, 169 iv; 5b vedíṣad, § 166 ii. ### [c19.s4.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.15) 41. 2d mahábhiḥ; 3a dháyisṭhā; 3b śaśamānébhiaḥ; 5b vṛṣabhá 'va; 10a ráthia; 11b índrā...varuṇā, cf. § 166 i. 42. 1a rāṣṭarám, § 149 iii; 1b perhaps aríah, § 151 ii; 1c perhaps candrá (instr.), § 84 A 1; 1d yāhí; 3a vásūdhitiḥ, § 166 iv. 50. 2c Pentad verse; 11a indara. 51. 2a ū; 2c duárā, § 145 vi; 10c śionát. 52. 2a citra with -ā shortened; 4a tuā. ### [c19.s4.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s4.16) 55. 1b trásithām, § 170 i; 4c ū; 5b probably avari, § 151 ii; 5c páat; 6b ápia; 6c extended Triṣṭubh verse; 8a vasavyásya; 8c asmábhya. 56. 1a: the latter part reads pṛthivíhā jyáyisṭhe: for the Sandhi see § 128 ii; 3d śáciā; 4a perhaps bṛhábhiḥ, § 178; 6c ūhiáthe, § 147 i. \*57. 5a juṣethām is probably a gloss; 6b tuā. \*58. See p. 43; 3b dué; 5a hṛdía; 9a kanyàḥ (y cons.), § 135 a: or kaníāḥ 'va; 10c nayatā; 11d catalectic verse. ### Maṇḍala V ### [c19.s5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.1) \[The hymns in Anuṣṭubh with occasional extra verse stand alone in the Rigveda, and appear in the main to constitute the original Atri collection. In these hymns hiatus is extremely common. The trimeter hymns agree closely with the second Maṇḍala in character, only a few bearing indications of early date. See §§ 105 i, 109 iii.\] ### [c19.s5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.2) ¹ 11a adyá; 11b tiṣṭhā; 12d uru-áñcam, § 178. 2. 12e extra verse. 3. 10a bhūrī námā, § 159 iv. 4. 6b suáyai; 7a Pentad verse: ucáthaih is an attractive correction, § 151 iii. 5. 7b perhaps hótāra, § 174 ii; 10b irregular cadence: perhaps read náma gúhiā; 11c devébhiaḥ. 6. 2a sá; 5d túbhya; 6a prá ū; 9c utá: pupūriāḥ, § 147 i; 10a evá with hiatus; 10d áśu-áśviam. 7. 2a kútra; 5a smā; 7c híri-śmaśāruḥ, § 151 iii; 7d hypersyllabic verse, § 191 iii; 8a smā; 8b sváditir 'va, § 129 ii; 10d, 10e sasahíāt, §§ 147 i, 169 iii; 10e catalectic verse. 8. 1a perhaps ṛtayávaḥ, § 168 iii. 9. 2a daásvataḥ; 3a, 4a smā; 7a abhí, § 167 iii. ### [c19.s5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.3) ¹⁰ 1d pánthaam; 2c tué, § 173 v; 4d yéṣaam; 6a nú ū; 7c vibhūṣáham, § 166 iv. 11. 1d -ébhiaḥ. 12. 3c véda. 13. 2b adyá; 5c rāsvā. 15. 5a nú; 5c Pentad verse. 16. 3a maghávanah or perhaps maghávanaḥ; 5a nú ū. 17. 3a vá 'sá u: the Sandhi is unusual, perhaps read asyá 'saú vá u, cf. §§ 130 iii, 171 v; 5a nú ū. 18. 3c yéṣaam; 4b páanti; 5b áśvānaam; 5e extra verse: nṛṇáam. 19. 1, 2 Trochaic Gāyatrī; 5b vāyúnā appears to be a gloss on bhásmanā, § 152 i; 5c, 5d catalectic dimeter verses; 5e -stháaḥ. ### [c19.s5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.4) ²¹ 3c tuā. 22. 3a tuā; 3c probably váreṇyasya with y cons., ### [c19.s5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.5) § 137 iii; 4b sahasia. 23. 1b perhaps prasáhā, § 167 v; 3c viánti. 24. For the metre see § 242 iii. 25. 3b sumatiā; 7b arcā; 7c, 7d tuát; 8c utá. 27. 2d yácchā; 6a śatadávani. 28. 1b uṣásam, § 170 ii a: perhaps uruyā́, § 178 (H. Oldenberg); 3a śardhā. 29. 5a túbhya; 8c ahuanta, § 142 iii b; 13a kathā́ nú; 14d perhaps táviṣeḥ, § 170 iii; 15b návia, § 151 ii. ### [c19.s5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.6) 30. 3a nú; 4d probably Virātsthānā verse; 5b śrútia; 6a perhaps túbhyam íd; 6b sunuánti, § 147; 7c átra; 9c ubhá with final shortened before vowel, § 174 i d. \*15a gávia, § 151 ii. 31. 2a dravā̄; 6c probably śaktivaḥ, § 168 ii: ródasī 'bhé, § 128 ii; 13b mā́. 32. 3a tiásya. ### [c19.s5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.7) 33. 1a dídhie; 1c Rest at the fourth place; 2b catalectic Bhārgavī verse, § 227 iii b; hárīṇam; 2c as 1c; 2d prá 'riáh, § 145 vi; 3b ásan; 4a Virātsthānā verse (índra type). 4c caesura after the third syllable: the verse becomes regular if tatakṣé is placed at the end; 4d apparently daasásya: extended Triṣṭubh verse; 5a as 4a; 5b yaatā́ḥ; 6a -ényam (y cons.): tué or Virātsthānā verse; 6d tuví-, § 166 vi b; 7a perhaps read evā́ na indra ákavābhir útí; 10a Rest at the fifth place is probable. 34. 1c sunótanā. 35. 2d sú; 8a indra éhi. ### [c19.s5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.8) 36. 1a Virātsthānā verse (índra type); 5a tuā̄. 37. 4a yásmin. 38. 3b catalectic verse; 4a utá; 5c, 5d sugopā́ḥ. 40. 1c etc. vṛṣann, § 177 iii; \*7a, 7c Rests at the fifth place, but see § 151 i; \*9a Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence. ### [c19.s5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.9) 41. This hymn contains numerous Rests, words with resolved vowels, and examples of hiatus; 1c trásithām; 3a yáyisṭha (-ā dual shortened); 4d áśu-aśva-; 5b irregular cadence; 7d ha, § 175 ii; 8b Virātsthānā verse; 9a requires correction, § 225; 9b su-aítavaḥ; 10b apā́m or Pentad verse; 10d Rest at the fifth place; 11b perhaps rayā́ye, § 139 i; 11d diaúḥ; 12c probably Pentad or Gautamī verse; 13a mahataḥ or mahaaḥ, see § 178; 14c candrá-agrāḥ; 14d see § 170 ii e; 16b perhaps Rest at the fourth place; 16b, 16c áccha-uktau; 16d Virātsthānā verse; 16e Rest at the fifth place; 19a Pentad verse. 42. 2b hṛ́dia; 3a īrayā̄; 4d sumatí, § 139 iii; 15b yuvanyún is suspicious on account of the rhythm: perhaps yuvayúḥ; 17a extra verse to 16; 18 borrowed from v 76. ### [c19.s5.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.10) ⁴³ 3b bharatā̄; 4a bāhú, final -ū being shortened before the vowel, § 174 i c; 6b gnāám, § 142 i; 6d vahā̄; 10d gantā̄; 13c gnāáḥ; 14b Virātsthānā verse. 44. 6a evā́; 8d sá; 10b catalectic verse; \*15a, \*15b, \*15c hybrid verses. ### [c19.s5.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.11) ⁴⁵ This hymn has many archaic variations; 1a viṣiánn, § 148 vi; 1d Rest at the fourth place; 2b Virātsthānā verse; 2d sthū́ṇā iva; 3b mahīnaam; 5a ētā̄; 8c āsaam; 9a yaatu, saptá-aśvaḥ. 46. 2b márutam utá with Sandhi, § 130 iv; 2c rudarā́ḥ, § 149 ii; 4d tvāṣṭā̄ with hiatus; cf. ix 70 1d; 5c vidmā̄. 49. 3b vástav usrā́ḥ, § 170 ii e; 5b probably caesura after third syllable: su-uktá-. 50. 1a nayitúḥ, § 142 iii b; 2a heptasyllabic verse; 2b ca with hiatus; 3c patheṣṭháam, § 142 i; 5b ráthasas pátīḥ, § 151 iii. ### [c19.s5.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.12) ⁵¹ 12b suastí; 13a Bhārgavī verse, § 227 ii b: the resolution adiā́ can hardly be justified; 13d rudarā́ḥ, § 149 ii; \*14b, \*14d suastí gives a better rhythm, and -í should probably be read throughout; \*14b ### [c19.s5.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.13) probably \*svastí\* pathie, with long fifth syllable: but see § 135; \*14c \*svastí\* with \*v\* cons., § 125 iii a; \*15a \*svastí\*: \*pánthām ánu\* with Sandhi, § 130 iv. ### [c19.s5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.14) 52. 1a \*śyāvāśua\*, § 145 ii \*b\*; 2d \*paanti\*; 3c \*marútaam\*; 4d \*páanti\*; 8c, 9a \*smā\*; 9a \*páruṣṇīām\*; 10c \*máhya\*; 14c \*dhṛṣṇava ójasā\* with Sandhi seems unavoidable: see § 130 i; 15a \*nú ū\*; 16a catalectic verse; 16b \*gáam\*, § 142 ii; 17d \*gávia\*, § 151 ii. 53. For the metres see § 248 i; 4a \*vāśiṣu\*; 8a \*yātā\*; 12a \*adyá\*; 13c \*dhattanā\*; 14c \*vṛṣṭuí\*. ### [c19.s5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.15) 54. 4c \*ájathā\*; 6b \*kapanā ’va\*, § 129 ii; 6d \*cákṣur ’va\* ib.; 7d perhaps \*rájanam\*, § 170 ii \*c\*; 14b \*avathā\*; 14d \*dhatthā\*, and as 7d. 55. 4c \*utá\*; 10a \*nayata\*. 56. 1c \*marútaam\* is doubtful; 3c \*śimivān\*; 5c Rest at the fourth place; 7b \*smā\*. 57. 2a \*vāśimantaḥ\*, § 168 ii; 2c \*sthā\*; 7c \*kṛṇutā\*. 58. 4a \*íria\*; 5d \*matí\* is probable, § 139 iii; 7b \*suám\*. 59. 2b probably \*nāvāḥ\*, § 142 ii; 5b \*yūyudhuh\*, § 169 iii; 7a \*śráyiṇiḥ\*. 60. 2c extended Triṣṭubh verse; 8b \*pibā\*. ### [c19.s5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.16) 61. 2a the probable reading is \*kú vó ’svāḥ kú abhíśavaḥ\*, cf. v 74 1a: § 151 iii. Similarly in 1a \*kú\* is a probable correction for \*ké\*. 2b \*śekā\*, § 158 i; 5c \*śyāvāśua-\*; 10a \*dhenūnāam\*; 16c \*yajñyāsaḥ\*, § 135: but perhaps the true reading is \*yajyavaḥ\*. 62. 2a \*sú\*; 3b \*mítrā rájānā\*, § 166 i; 9d \*jigivāṃsaḥ\*. 63. 6c \*vasatā\*. 64. 2c \*vaam\*, § 151 i; 3a \*aśíām\*; 3b \*yayīām\*, § 142 iii \*a\*; 4a perhaps \*mitra varuṇa\*, § 166 i; 4b \*dhayiām\* ib.; 4d \*stoṭṛṇāam\* or \*spuurdháse\*, § 151 i; 5d \*sákhīnaam\*; 7a \*ucchántīām\*. 65. 5c \*tuótayaḥ\*; 6a \*mitrā\*; 6d \*má\*. 66. 2b \*asuryám\*, § 135: \*ásate\*; 6b \*mítrā\*, § 174 ii. 67. 1a \*deva\* is doubtful, § 174 ii; 1d \*āśathe\*; 3d \*páanti\*; 5ab \*mitra...váruṇa\*, § 166 i. 68. 4c \*devā\*. 69. 2c \*tiṣṛṇām\*. 70. 4b \*bhujema\*. 72. 2a, 3a irregular cadence. 73. 1c \*purú- purū- bhujā\*, §§ 160 i, 166 iv; 9a \*vā\* u, § 171 v. ### [c19.s5.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.17) 74. 1a \*kúa sthaḥ\*; the old form \*kú\* is curiously preserved in a verse where it cannot stand; \*deva\* with -\*ā\* shortened, § 174 i \*a\*; 2b \*nāasatya\*; 2d \*nadīnaam\*; 3b \*yuñjathe\*, § 170 i; 6c \*nú ū\*; 7a \*adyá\*; 8b \*yāyiṣṭha\*; 10c, 10d \*vaam\*, § 151 i. 75. 2b \*ahám sánā\* requires correction. 76. 1c \*ráthiā\*. \*78. 5b \*súsyantiāḥ\*; 9d \*jívantiāḥ\*. 79. 2c \*ucchā\*. 80. 1c \*uṣásam\*, § 170 ii \*a\*. 81. 5d \*śyāvāśuaḥ\*. ### [c19.s5.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.18) 82. 1c \*śráyiṣṭham\*; 4b, 4c probably require correction as follows: \*prajāvat saúbhagam suvā | duśvápniam pārā suvā\*. \*83. See p. 43; 1a \*vadā\*; 3a probably \*rathír\* iva (\*Lanman\*); 6b \*pinvatā\*; 9d probably \*pṛthvíām\*, § 151 iii; 10c extended Triṣṭubh verse. 84. 2c Epic Anuṣṭubh semi-cadence. 85. 6a \*nú\*. ### [c19.s5.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s5.19) 86. 1a \*índrā-agnī\*; 3b \*maghávanoḥ\* or \*maghávanoḥ\*; 5b, 5d \*deva\* with -\*ā\* shortened, § 174 i \*a\*; 6a \*evá índrā-agníbhyāam\*, heptasyllabic dimeter verse: or read \*índrāya agnáye\*. 87. For the metre see Ch. ix, App. No. 63; 3c \*yésaam\*; 4c \*suāt\*; 9a catalectic verse; 9e \*syātā\*. ### Maṇḍala VI ### [c19.s6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.1) \[The original Bharadvāja collection was of the same metrical type as that of Gotama Nodhas, i 58–64, but of larger extent. Its general characteristics are described in § 106 iv. The archaic variations are most marked in the hymns 4, 10–13, 20, 24–26, and 63–68 8, but are also found to a smaller extent in many other hymns. The important lyric hymns 46 and 48 also belong to the original collection. Additions have been made at various times, and cannot always be clearly distinguished: but a considerable number, especially amongst the Agni hymns, shew the metrical type of the cretic period.\] ### [c19.s6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.2) ¹ 1c vṛṣann, § 177 iii; 3a vasavyáḥ, § 135; 9a sá; 9d tuótaḥ; 13d vásū. 2. 9a tiá; 11b ródasīyoḥ, § 173 ii; 11c vīhí. 3. 3d kútra; 4d, 6b caesura after third syllable; 6a vástav; 7b Virātsthānā verse; 8a yújia; 8b as 4d: suébhiḥ; 8c marútaam. 4. 2d Rest at the fifth place; 4b hiatus after -ā and -a; 4c perhaps tuám; 5a nátiktī; 8d Rest at the fourth place. 5. 2a tvé, puru-aṇīka; 6a kṛdhī. 6. 4b kṣáam. 8. 3c cármaṇi ’va; 5d vṛścá. ### [c19.s6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.3) ¹⁰ 1b hypersyllabic verse, § 224, or omit agním, § 152 i; 3a pipáya; 4a Virātsthānā verse; 4b bhaasá, kṛṣṇá-adhvā: ádhā; 4c bahú cit, cf. § 160 i; 6d gádhia; 7a, 7b extra verses to stanza 6. 11. 1c náasatyā; 3a dhánia: irregular cadence; 3c caesura after the third syllable. 12. 2b, § 120; 4a sá with hiatus; 4c krátuā probably, § 151 ii; 5b see § 151 iii; 5d dhánuā, § 147; 6a double Rest, § 227 iii c; 6c yaasi: irregular cadence. 13. 1a tuát; 1c Virātsthānā verse; 3d apáam; 4d vasavyáḥ; 5d probably extended Triṣubh verse. 14. 2a, 3b catalectic verses: less probably ariáḥ in 3b, § 151 ii; 5c, 5d ávṛtaḥ, § 167 iv. ### [c19.s6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.4) ¹⁵ 1a sú; 1d jiók: Bhārgavī verse, § 227 ii b; 3a bhuuḥ; 3d yacchā; 3e extra (dimeter) verse; 4a perhaps diótanam, cf. 20 8c; 6e extra verse; 8c mártiaśaḥ, § 151 iii; 9a ubháyā (neut. pl.); 12b ū: sahasávann, § 177 iii; 12d caesura after the third syllable; 13c devánaam; 14a hypersyllabic verse, § 224; 15c Rest at the fourth place; 15e extra verse; 16d nayā; 18a jániṣva; \*19c asthūrí, § 159 iv. 16. 1b vísveṣaam; 2b heptasyllabic verse; 14a dadhiánn; 18b nemánaam; 22c árcā, gáyā; 26a śráyiṣṭhaḥ; 27a tuá-ūtāḥ; 33b yacchā; 42c sioné; 46a mártiaḥ, § 151 iii. ### [c19.s6.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.5) ¹⁷ 6b śáciā; 7b hybrid verse: but see § 130 iv; 7d Pentad verse; 9a sá, § 175 i; 10c requires correction, § 225; 12a Rest at the fourth place, but see § 151 i: 13b ajuriá (§ 151 ii) seems unlikely: hence irregular Rest, cf. § 227 iii b; 15a, 15b extra verses to 14. 18. 1d vardhā; 3c nú; 7a jánimā (plur.); 7b perhaps ámartena; 9c dhiṣvá; 12a read prá tuvidyumná- sthávirasya, § 152 ii. 19. 2a evá; 2d Virātsthānā verse; 3c yūthám ’va, § 129. 3d the position of the caesura is uncertain: perhaps indrābhi ‖ á vavṛtsu’ ajaú; 6a bharā; 7d jigiváṃsaḥ, tuótaḥ; 10b as 2d; 10d dháaḥ; 12c perhaps pṛthviám, § 151 iii; 13d tuótaḥ. ### [c19.s6.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19.s6.6) ²⁰ 1a dyaúḥ: bhúma with hiatus; 2b asuryám: Gautamī verse, § 226 iii b; 2d Virātsthānā verse; 3d puráam; 4a irregular cadence; 4d caesura after the third syllable; 6c as 2d; 7a Rest at the fourth place; 7b Rest at the fifth place; 7c probably Virātsthānā verse, but cf. §§ 149 iv, 151 i; 7d probably Virātsthānā verse, but cf. § 149 iii; 8c probably śaśvadíbham in one word; 10b long ninth syllable: the occurrence is not sufficient evidence of an adverb ená; 10d probably as 7a: but see § 151 i; 11a Virātsthānā verse (índra type); 11c -vāstuam; 13a as 11a; 13c túbhya. _First 135 of 321 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19)_ ## Linked texts (2) - [Ṛgvedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.rg.9.47.2) — Sanskrit - [Sāmavedasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.sama) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.arnold-1905.c19) · Pramāṇa