Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c48: Rasa-mañjarī

Studies in the History of Sanskrit Poetics v1.c48

Language
English

Contents

Rasa-mañjarī

v1.c48.1

Editions. (1) Madras 1872, 1881 (2) with *Vyaṅgyārtha-kaumudī* of Ananta Paṇḍita and *Prakāśa* of Nāgoji Bhaṭṭa, Benares Sansk. Series 83, 1904 (3) by Veṅkaṭācārya Śāstri Madras 1909. Our references are to the Benares ed.

v1.c48.2

MSS. Aufrecht i 495a, ii 116a, 220a, iii 106a; *KBod* 507; *SCB* 684, 990, 1985; *Madras Trm.* C 680; *Madras Cat.* 12933-40; *SCC* 280.

v1.c48.3

Commentaries. (1) *Vyaṅgyārtha-kaumudī* by Ananta Paṇḍita, son of Tryambaka Paṇḍita (Timaji) and grandson of Bālo Paṇḍita, and great-grandson of Nīlakaṇṭha-paṇḍita. His native place is Puṇyastambha (Puntambem in Ahmednagar) on the Godāvarī. The comm. was written at Benares in *saṃvat* 1692 = 1636 A.D., at the request of Candrabhānu, son of Vīrasenadeva and grandson of Madhukara. The date of composition is specified in the concluding verse which is given in the India Office MS (Eggeling *IOC* iii p. 365), but omitted in the printed text. Ananta also wrote a *Mudrārākṣasa-pūrvapīṭhikā* (Mitra 1654), and a commentary on *Govardhana-saptaśatī* in 1645 A.D. (ed. Kāvyamālā 1). MSS: Aufrecht i 495a, ii 116a, 220a, iii 106a; *SCB* 2238; *Madras Trm* A 1132: *Madras Cat.* 12943-44.

v1.c48.4

(2) *Prakāśa* by Nāgoji or Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa, for whom see under Jagannātha. MSS: Aufrecht i 495b, ii 116a, 220a, iii 106a.

v1.c48.5

(3) *Parimala* by Śeṣa Cintāmaṇi, son of Śeṣa Nṛsiṃha who wrote before 1675 A.D. Cintāmaṇi also wrote several other works including one on Prosody (Aufrecht 189a). MSS: Aufrecht i 495b, ii 116a, 220a, iii 106a.

v1.c48.6

(4) *Vikāsa* (or *Vilāsa*) by Gopāla Ācārya, alias Vopadeva of the Kauṇḍinya-gotra, son of Nṛsiṃha and grandson of Gopāla of Jabaḷa-grāma in the Mahārāṣṭra country, and pupil of Meṅganātha. The comm. is dated in *saṃvat* 1484 = 1428 A.D. MSS: Aufrecht ii 116a: *SCB* 1986. Śrīdhara Bhandarkar points out (*Rep. of Second Tour* 1904-06, p. 36) that the date is 1494 and not 1484 as given by Stein (extr. p. 273), but he thinks that it is *śaka* era, in which case the date of the commentary will be 1572 A.D.

v1.c48.7

(5) *Rasika-rañjanī* by Gopāla Bhaṭṭa, son of Harivaṃśa Bhaṭṭa Drāviḍa. He also wrote a comm. on Rudra's *Śṛṅg.til.* There is also a commentator of the same name on Mammaṭa. They may be all be identical. See above pp. 101, 186. MSS: Aufrecht i 495b, ii 116a, iii 106a. The commentary by Harivaṃśa Bhaṭṭa in *Oudh Cat.* xi 10 is probably a mistake for this comm. of his son. For Gopāla's other works see Aufrecht i 161.

v1.c48.8

(6) *Samañjasā* or *Vyaṅgyārtha-kaumudī* by Viśveśvara, son of Lakṣmīdhara, for the whom see the chapter on Minor Writers below. MSS: Aufrecht i 495b, ii 116a, iii 106a.

v1.c48.9

(7) *°Āmoda* by Raṅgaśāyin *alias* Gurijālaśāyin, who is said to have studied under Mahādeśika of Bādhūla-gotra and under his own paternal uncle Anantācārya, and who is described as the son of Dharmācārya of Cilukamari family. MSS: Oppert 3758; *Madras Cat.* 12941-42 (extract); *Madras Trm* A 802.

v1.c48.10

(8) *Vyaṅgyārtha-dīpikā* by Ānanda Śarman, son of Tryambaka. Aufrecht i 495a, ii 116a.

v1.c48.11

(9) *Bhānu-bhāva-prakāśinī* by Mahādeva. *Madras Trm* C 680.

v1.c48.12

(10) *Rasika-rañjana* by Vrajarāja Dīkṣita, son of Kāmarāja and father of Jivarāja. *North Western Pov. Cat.* 1877-86, ii 120. See below under Jivarāja’s comm. on *Rasa-taraṅgiṇī* Burnell wrongly enters *Rasikarañjana* as a commentary by “the author of the text.”

v1.c48.13

(11) *Rasamañjarī-sthūla-tātparyārtha*. IOC 543.

v1.c48.14

*Rasa-taraṅgiṇī*

v1.c48.15

Editions. (1) with *Naukā* of Gaṅgārāma Jaḍi, Benares 1885 (2) *Granthamālā* ii 1887-88 (3) by Regnaud in his *Rhétorique Sanskrite*, Paris 1884.

v1.c48.16

MSS. Aufrecht i 494b, ii 115b, 220a, iii 106a; *SCC* vii 39, 40, 41; *KBod* 506; *WBod* 1160; *SCB* 431, 991; *Madras Cat.* 12928-29. The *Nava-rasa-taraṅgiṇī* in Oppert ii 3176 is apparently this work.

v1.c48.17

Commentaries. (1) *Naukā* by Gaṅgārāma Jaḍi or Jaḍin. *Madras Cat.* 12930 (extract)-31. This commentary is dated in 1732 A.D. Gaṅgārāma is also the author of an independent work called *Rasa-mīmāṃsā* (ed. with *Chāyā*, Benares 1885), in which he refers to his *Naukā*. He was the son of Nārāyaṇa, and pupil of Nīlakaṇṭha, and also wrote two works on logic (see Aufrecht i 140). See on Minor Writers below.

v1.c48.18

(2) *Rasika-rañjanī* by Veṇidatta Tarkavāgīśa Bhaṭṭācārya, son of Vireśvara and grandson of Lakṣmaṇa. His commentary is dated in 1553 A.D. Veṇidatta also wrote an independent work on Poetics called *Alaṃkāra-candrōdaya*. See under Minor Writers. MSS: Aufrecht i 494b, ii 115b 220a, iii 106a.

v1.c48.19

(3) *Setu* or *Setubandha* by Jivarāja, son of Vrajarāja Dīkṣita (see above under *Rasa-mañjarī*). MSS: Aufrecht i 494b, ii 220a, iii 106a. The *Rasa-setu* in Aufrecht i 494b is probably the same commentary. He was the great-grandson of Sāmarāja Dīkṣita (q. v. under Minor Writers), who lived in the latter part of the 17th century.

v1.c48.20

(4) *Rasôdadhi* by Gaṇeśa. Aufrecht i 494b.
(5) *Rasôdadhi* by Mahādeva. Aufrecht i 494b.
(6) *Sāhitya-sudhā* or *Kāvya-sudhā* by Nemiśāha, son of Bhīmaśāha, described as *mahārājâdhirāja*. Aufrecht i 494b, iii 106a.
(7) *Nūtana-tarī* by Bhagavadbhaṭṭa. Aufrecht i 494b.
(8) Comm. by Ayodhyāprasāda. Aufrecht i 494b. The author also commented on the *Vṛtta-ratnâkara*.
(9) Comm. by Dinakara or Dinākara. Aufrecht ii 118b. A commentary by Bhānudatta in Aufrecht i 494b is probably a mistake.

v1.c48.21

*Alaṃkāra-tilaka*

v1.c48.22

Aufrecht i 32a, ii 6b, iii 7b. The name of the author is given as Bhānukara in Burnell 54a and Bhau Daji Catalogue. The work is in five paricchedas (Peterson vi App. p. 29).

v1.c48.23

*Śṛṅgāra-dīpikā.*

v1.c48.24

ufrecht i 661a. (= *Oudh Cat.* iii 12).

v1.c48.25

Following upon these, we have innumerable works of a similar nature, which take *rasa*, especially *śṛṅgāra*, as its principal theme, and which were composed apparently with the purpose of guiding the poet with rules and illustrations in the composition of erotic pieces so popular and profuse in Sanskrit literature. The most important of these works and their authors will be mentioned in the chapter on Minor Writers. Some Vaiṣṇava authors, like Rūpa-gosvāmin, however, attempt to bring vaiṣṇava ideas to bear upon the general theme of poetic or dramatic rasa, and we shall, for convenience of treatment, take them in a group here.

Rūpa And Jīva Gosvāmin

v1.c48.s1.1

Rūpa Gosvāmin, son of Kumāra and grandson of Mukunda, is the author of numerous vaiṣṇava works, including the *Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi*. He is well known as a contemporary of Caitanya, the Vaiṣṇava reformer of Bengal, and must have, therefore, flourished towards the end of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century. This date is confirmed by the dates which some of his works bear. His *Vidagdha-mādhava* was composed in 1533 A.D.¹; while his *Utkalikā-vallarī* is dated in 1550 A.D.².

v1.c48.s1.2

¹ incorrectly given by Aufrecht as 1549 at i 572 (*Cat. Bod.* 145a), but corrected by himself at ii 126, 135.

v1.c48.s1.3

² Mitra 3278.

v1.c48.s1.4

The commentary *Locana-rocanī* was composed by his nephew Jīva Gosvāmin, son of his brother Vallabha³. A tradition in Bengal gives śaka 1445 (= 1523 A.D.), and śaka 1540 (= 1618 A.D.) as the dates of his birth and death respectively.

v1.c48.s1.5

³ Eggeling (*IOC* ii 358) and Haraprasāda Śāstrī (*Notices* i 33) ascribe it erroneously to Rūpa’s brother Sanātana Gosvāmin and Vallabha respectively, a mistake which is prepetuated by Aufrecht i 62a, iii 14b. A similar confusion is made in Mitra ii p. 36, where the *Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi* itself is ascribed to Jīva Gosvāmin (H. P. Śāstrī i no. 32). In the same way, the authorship of the *Stava-mālā* has been variously attributed to Rūpa, Jīva (*Proc. ASB* 1865 p. 138) and Sanātana (Kāśīnātha Kunte, *Rep.* p. 32).

v1.c48.s1.6

Rūpa Gosvāmin also appears to have written a treatise on Dramaturgy called Nāṭaka-candrikā, which is quoted in the commentary on the Vidagdha-mādhava and in the Vaiṣṇava-toṣiṇī. At the commencement of this work, Rūpa Gosvāmin states that in composing it he consulted the Bharata-śāstra and Rasa-sudhākara (the Rasārṇava-sudhākara of Siṅgabhūpāla ?), and rejected generally (i 2) the treatment of the Sāhitya-darpaṇa as being opposed to Bharata's views. The topics dealt with are (1) general characteristics of a drama (2) the hero (nāyaka) (3) the divisions of a rūpaka (nāndī etc) (4) elements in the action (sandhi, patākā etc) and their classification (5) arthôpakṣepaka and its divisions (viṣkambhaka etc) (6) division of acts and scenes (7) distribution of dialects (bhāṣāvidhāna) (8) styles of dramatic composition (vṛtti) and their employment according to the rasa intended. The work is not a small one, and the illustrations, taken mostly from Vaiṣṇava works, are fairly minute and numerous. In his Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi he gives illustrative verses from most of his own poetical and dramatic productions, such as Uddhava-dūta, Vidagdha-mādhava, Dānakeli-kaumudī and other works¹. A Rasāmṛta-śeṣa is also attributed to Rūpa.

v1.c48.s1.7

¹ For a list of his works see Aufrecht i 533.

v1.c48.s1.8

VIŚVANĀTHA CAKRAVARTIN

v1.c48.s1.9

Viśvanātha Cakravartin, who wrote the commentary, called Ānanda-candrikā or Ujjvala-nīlamaṇi-kiraṇa, lived at end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century; for he composed a commentary called *Sārārtha-darśinī* on the *Bhāgavata* in *śaka* 1626 = 1704 A.D., while his *Ānanda-candrikā* is also dated in *śaka* 1618 = 1696 A.D. He also wrote, besides several *vaiṣṇava* works, a commentary on the *Alaṃkāra-kaustubha* of Kavikarṇapūra, mentioned below.

Kavikarṇapūra

v1.c48.s2.1

Kavikarṇapūra, alias Paramānanda-dāsa Sena, described as the son of Śivānanda Sena and pupil of Śrīnātha, wrote a work called *Alaṃkāra-kaustubha*. The author was a well-known Vaiṣṇava of Bengal belonging to the Vaidya family, and wrote several *vaiṣṇava* works. His drama *Caitanya-candródaya* was composed in *śaka* 1494 = 1572 A.D.¹, and his father Śivānanda was a disciple of Caitanyadeva. Mitra in his introduction to his edition of the drama (p. vi) says that Kavikarṇapūra was born in 1524 A.D. at Kāñcanapallī (Kañcḍāpāḍā) in Nadiyā. His *Gaurāṅga-guṇoddeśa-dīpikā* was composed in 1576 A.D.². The *Alaṃkāra-kaustubha* is composed in ten *kiraṇas*, as follows: 1 Kāvya-lakṣaṇa 2 Śabdārtha 3 Dhvani 4 Guṇībhūta-vyaṅgya 5 Rasabhāva-tadbheda 6 Guṇa 7 Śabdālaṃkāra. 8 Arthālaṃkāra 9 Rīti 10 Doṣa¹. It is thus a more comprehensive work than Rūpa Gosvāmin's and the vaiṣṇavite proclivities are not so prominent; but most of the illustrative verses are in praise of Kṛṣṇa and the subject-matter follows the *Kāvya-prakāśa* in treatment. The commentaries on this work are noticed below.

v1.c48.s2.2

¹ The date is given in the verse: *śāke caturdaśa-śate ravi-vīji-yukte | gauro harir dharaṇi-maṇḍala āvirāsit | tasmin catur-navati-bhāji tadīya-līlā-| grantho yam āvirabhavat katamasya vaktrāt*, which tells us that Gaura-hari or Caitanya was born in *śaka* 1407, and that the drama, which deals with him, was written in *śaka* 1494. Aufrecht is incorrect in stating that it was composed in 1543 A.D. (But see Sten Konow *Ind. Drama* p. 93, section 104).

v1.c48.s2.3

² HPS ii p. 50, as well as *ALeip* 721, reads *śāke vasu-graha-mite* which gives 1576 or 1577 A.D.: but *IOC* no. 2510 reads *śāke rasārasa-mite* which would give 1540 A.D.

v1.c48.s2.4

¹ For a detailed résumé of its contents see Mitra 1662.

Linked texts (16)