Pali Literature and Language c2: Table of Contents

Pāli Literature and Language c2

Language: English

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PREFACE . . . . . xiii ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . xv INTRODUCTION . . . . . 1 The notion of Pāli; linguistic strata inside P. (I-II)—P. as artificial language; its land of origin (III-VII).—Basis of P. a Māgadhī (VIII-X)

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PART I. PĀLI LITERATURE

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I. The Canonical Literature ... ... ... 9
1. Origin and Authenticity of the Canon (1-4) ... 9
2. Classification of the Pāli Canon, Editions, Translations (5-6) . . . . . 13
3. Vinaya-Piṭaka (7) ... ... ... 15
4. Sutta-Piṭaka (8) ... ... ... 16 Dīgha-Nikāya and Majjhima-N. (9).—Saṃyutta and Aṅguttara N. (10).—Khuddakapāṭha, Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka (11).—Suttanipāta, Vimāna- and Petavatthu (12).—Thera- and Therī-gāthā, Jātaka (13).—Niddesa, Paṭisambhidāmagga, Apadāna, Buddhavamsa (14).
5. Abhidhamma-Piṭaka (15) ... ... ... 22 Individual works of the Abh.-P. (16) ... ... 23 Supplement: The Paritta (17) ... ... ... 24 II. The Non-Canonical Literature ... ... ... 25 I Period: From the Completion of the Canon to the 5th century A.D . . . . . 25 The Aṭṭhakathā (18).—Nettippakaraṇa, Peṭakopadesa, Sutta-saṃgaha (19).—Milindapañhā (20).—Dīpavaṃsa (21) II Period: From the 5th century to the 11th century ... 28 Works of Buddhaghosa (22).—Jātakaṭṭhavaṇṇanā (23).—Dhammapadaṭṭhakathā (24).—Buddhadatta, Ānanda, Dhammapāla (25).—Culla-Dhammapāla, Upasena, Mahānāma, Kassapa, Vajirabuddhi, Khema, Anuruddha (26).—Khudda- and Mūla-sikkhā (27).—The Mahāvaṃsa (28).—Anāgata-vaṃsa and Bodhivaṃsa (29).—Kaccāyana (30).

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III Period: From the 12th century to the Modern Age ... 38 Sāriputta and the Ṭīkās (31).—Sāriputta’s pupils (32).—Chapada (33).—Dāṭhāvaṃsa, Thūpavaṃsa, Jinālaṅkāra, Jinacarita (34).—Mahāvaṃsa-Ṭīkā (35).—Vedehathera (36).—Buddhappiya (37).—Continuation of the Mahāvaṃsa (38).—Sārasaṃgaha, Saddhammasaṃgaha (39).—Lokappadīpasāra, Pañcagatidīpana, Buddhaghosuppatti (40).—Saddhammopāyana, Teḷakaṭāhagāthā (41).—Burmese authors (42).—Authors of the 17th Century (43).—Modern works (44).—Linguistic literature (45).—Works of the school of Kaccāyana (46).—Continuation of same (47).—Moggallāna (48).—Moggallāna’s pupils (49).—Saddanīti (50).—Dictionaries (51).—Root lists (52).—Miscellaneous (53).

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PART II GRAMMAR OF PĀLI

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Literature ... ... ... 59

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A. Phonology

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1. Sound-system and Accent ... 61

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Scripts (§ 1).—Sound-system (§ 2, 3).—Accent (§ 4).

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2. The Law of Mora ... 63

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Law of Mora (§ 5)—Character of Syllables (§ 6).—Long before double-consonance (§ 7).—Shortening as result of Svarabhakti (§ 8).

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3. The Vowels ă ĭ ŭ ... 65

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e for a before double-consonance (§ 9).—i and u (§ 10).—e, o from i, ū (§ 11).

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4. Representation of the Vowels ṛ, ḷ ... 66

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u, i, u from ṛ (§ 12).—ḷ becomes consonantal (§ 13).—u from ḷ (§ 14).

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5. Diphthongs and their Representation ... 68

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e, o from e, o, ai, au; i, u from e, o (§ 15).

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6. Influence of Neighbouring Vowels or Consonants on the Vowels ... 69

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Influence of following vowels (§ 16).—Influence of preceding vowels (§ 17).—Influence of consonants on vowels (§ 18).

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7. Influence of Accent on Vocalism ... 70

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Reduction of vowel of the second syllable (§ 19).—Syncope (§ 20).—Weakening of pre-tonic syllable (§ 21)—Shortening of unstressed final syllables (§ 22).—Shortening of the second syllable (§ 20).—Effect of the expiratory accent (§ 24).

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8. Samprasāraṇa and the loss of syllable through Contraction ... 73 Samprasāraṇa (§ 25).—e, o, from aya, ava (§ 26).—Contraction (§ 27).—The prepositions upa and apa (§ 28).

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9. Increase of Syllables through Svarabhakti ... 76 Generalities (§ 29).—Svarabhakti i (§ 30).—Svarabhaktis a, u (§ 31).

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10. Quantitative Changes in Composition and under stress of Metre ... 78 Influence of Metre (§ 32).—Protraction and Contraction of vowels in Compounds (§ 33).

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11. Irregularities of Vocalism (§ 34) ... 80
12. Consonants in Free Position ... 81 Intervocalic mutes (§ 35)—Drop of intervocalic mutes (§ 36).—h for Aspirates (§ 37).—Softening of surds (§ 38).—Hardening of sonants (§ 39).—Aspiration and loss thereof (§ 40).—Change in place of Articulation (§ 41).—Cerebrals for Dentals (§ 42).—r, l, ḷ for d, n, ṇ (§ 43).—l for r (§ 44).—r for l (§ 45).—Alternation between y and v (§ 46).

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13. Dissimilation and Metathesis (§ 47) ... 91
14. Consonant-groups ... 91 Combination of two Consonants ... 91 Generalities (§ 48).—Consonant-groups containing h (§ 49).—Combination of Sibilant with Nasal (§ 50).—Laws of Assimilation (§ 51).—Progressive Assimilation (§ 52).—Regressive Assimilation mute before nasal, liquid, semi-vowel (§ 53).—Regressive Assimilation : sibilant before liquid or semi-vowel; nasal or l before semi-vowel; the groups vy, vr (§54).—Dentals and ṇ before y (§ 55).—The group kṣ (§ 56).—The groups ts, ps (§ 57).

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Combination of more than two Consonants ... 101 Generalities (§ 58).—Details (§ 59).

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15. Sporadical Aberrations in Sound-groups ... 103 h for sonant aspirates (§ 60).—Softening of Tenues, hardening of Mediae (§ 61).—Aspiration and Loss thereof (§ 62).—Changes of Consonant-classes (§ 63).—Cerebrals for Dentals (§ 64).

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16. Metathesis in sound-groups and Loss of Syllable through Haplology (§ 65) ... 106 17. Sandhi ... ... ... 107 Initial and final (§ 66).—Compositional Sandhi (§ 67).—External Sandhi: Generalities (§ 68).—Similar Vowels in Sandhi (§ 69).—Dissimilar Vowels in Sandhi (§ 70).—e, o and nasal vowels before vowels (§71).—Filling hiatus by consonants (§72).—Inorganic Sandhi-consonants (§73).—Confrontation of vowel and consonant (§74).

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B. Word-formation

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1. Noun (Substantive and Adjective) ... ... 115
1. Generalities ... ... ... 115 Nominal stems (§ 75).—Gender (§ 76).—Number and Case (§ 77).

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2. a-declension ... ... ... 118 Masculines and Neuters in a (§ 78).—Individual forms (§ 79).—Māgadhisms (§ 80).—Feminines in ā (§ 81).

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3. i- and u-declension ... ... ... 122 Masculines in i, u (§ 82).—Individual forms (§ 83).—Stem sakhi (§ 84).—Neuters in i, u (§ 85).—Feminines in i (ī), u (ū) (§ 86).—Stems sirī, hirī, itthī (§ 87).

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4. Diphthong-stems (§ 88) ... ... 127
5. Radical stems (§ 89) ... ... ... 127
6. r-declension ... ... ... 128 Agent nouns (§ 90).—Words of relationship (§ 91).

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7. n-declension ... ... ... 130 Masculines in an (§ 92).—Stems san, yuvan, maghavan, puman (§ 93).—Neuters in an (§ 94).—Subst. and Adj. in in (§ 95).

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8. nt-declension ... ... ... 134 Adjectives in ant (§ 96).—Present Participles in nt (§ 97).—Stems arahant, sant, bhavant (§ 98).

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9. s-declension ... ... ... 138 Neuters in as (§ 99).—Masculines and Feminines in as (§ 100).—Neuters and Masculines in is, us (§ 101).

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10. Adverbs and Comparison ... ... 140 Adverbs (§ 102).—Comparison (§ 103).

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11. Pronoun ... ... ... 142 Personal Pronouns of first and second person (§ 104).—Pronoun of the third person (§ 105).—Strengthening of pronouns by other pronouns (§ 106).—Pronouns esa, ena, tya, tuma (§ 107).—Pronoun ayam (§ 108).—Pronoun asu (§ 109).—

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Relative Pronoun (§ 110).—Interrogative Pronouns (§ 111).— Other Pronouns (§ 112).—Pronominal Adjectives (§ 113).

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III. Numerals ... ... ... 152
1. Cardinal Numbers ... ... ... 152 The numbers 1 and 2 (§ 114).—The numbers 3 to 10 (§ 115).— The tens, hundreds, etc. (§ 116).—Application of Numerals (§ 117).
2. Ordinals, Distributives, Fractional Numbers, Numeral Adverbs, Numeral Adjectives and Numeral Substantives. Ordinals (§ 118).—Distributives, etc. (§ 119).

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IV. Verbal System ... ... ... 158
1. Generalities (§ 120) ... ... ... 158
2. Present-system with Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative and Optative ... ... ... 159 A. Present Indicative ... ... ... 159 Flexion (§ 121).—Remarks thereon (§ 122) B. Subjunctive (§ 123) ... ... ... 160 C. Imperative ... ... ... 161 Flexion (§ 124).—Remarks on Active (§ 125).—Remarks on Medium (§ 126). D. Optative ... ... ... 164 Flexion (§ 127).—Remarks on Active (§ 128).—Remarks on Medium (§ 129). E. The Verbal Classes of Sanskrit in Pali ... 166
1. Thematic Conjugation ... ... ... 166 Class I (§ 130).—Roots in i, ī; root bhū (§ 131).—Redupl. roots of Cl. I (§ 132).—Roots gam, yam, ruh (§ 133).—Class VI (§ 134, 135).—Class IV (§ 136).—Roots jar, śar, mar (§ 137).— Root jan, Roots in ā (§ 138).—Class X, Causatives, e-flexion (§ 139).
2. Athematic Conjugation ... ... ... 175 Class II (§ 140).—Roots as, brū (§ 141).—Class III; Root dhā (§ 142).—Root dā (§ 143).—Class VII (§ 144).—Class IX (§ 145).—Roots grah, mā, bandh (§ 146).—Class V (§ 147).—Roots śak, āp (§ 148).—Class VIII, with root kar (§ 149).
3. Future with Conditional ... ... 183

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Two Types: Paradigms (§ 150).—Type Ia (§ 151).—Type Ib (§ 152).—Roots in *r* (*kar*, *har*) and root *han* (§ 153).—Type II (§ 154).—New formations from Present stems of the Thematic Conjugation (§ 155).—New formations from Present stems of the Athematic Conjugation (§ 156).—Conditional (§ 157).

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4. Aorist ... 190

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Generalities (§ 158).—Four Types: Paradigms (§ 159).—Type I (§ 160).—Type II (§ 161).—Roots *kar*, *bhū*, *vac* (§ 162).—Type III (§ 163).—Historical forms from roots in mutes and sibilants (§ 164).—New formations after Type III (§ 165).—Type IV (§ 166).—New formations after Type IV from Present Stems of the Thematic Conjugation Cl. I and VI (§ 167).—Cl. IV and X (§ 168).—New formations from Present Stems of the Athematic Conjugation (§ 169).—Details (§ 170).