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A History of Sanskrit Literature c4: Contents

A History of Sanskrit Literature c4

Language
English

Contents

c4.1

Kumāralāta and the early Kāvya, Sanskrit, and Prākrit . viii Kālidāsa's Date and Place of Birth . . . . x Greek and Indian Fables . . . . . . x The Dramas of Bhāsa . . . . . . xii Daṇḍin and the *Avantisundarīkathā* . . . . xvi The Authenticity of the *Arthaçāstra* . . . . xvii The Dates of the Philosophical Systems . . . . xx Medical Fragments from Turkestan . . . . xxiii The Indian Origin of the Numerals . . . . xxiii Sanskrit as a vernacular . . . . . . xxiv

c4.2

PART I. THE LANGUAGE

c4.3

I. Sanskrit, Prākrit, and Apabhraṁça. . 3
1. The Origin of Sanskrit . . . . . 3
2. The Character and Extent of the Use of Sanskrit . 8
3. The Characteristics and Development of Sanskrit in Literature . . . . . . 17
4. The Prākrits . . . . . . 26
5. Apabhraṁça . . . . . . 32

c4.4

PART II. BELLES-LETTRES AND POETICS

c4.5

II. The Origin and Development of Kāvya Literature . . 39
1. The Sources of the Kāvya . . . . 39
2. The Testimony of the Rāmāyaṇa . . . 42
3. The Evidence of Patañjali and Piṅgala . . . 45
4. Kāvya in Inscriptions . . . . . 48
5. The Kāmasūtra and the Poet's Milieu . . . 51 III. Açvaghoṣa and Early Buddhist Kāvya . . . 55
1. Açvaghoṣa's Works . . . . . 55
2. Açvaghoṣa's Style and Language . . . 59
3. The Avadānas . . . . . . 64
4. Ārya Çūra and later Poetry . . . . 67 IV. Kālidāsa and the Guptas . . . . . 74
1. The Guptas and the Brahmin Revival . . . 74
2. Hariṣeṇa and Vatsabhaṭṭi . . . . 77

c4.6

| 3. Kālidāsa's Life . . . . . | 79 |
| 4. The Ṛtusaṁhāra . . . . | 82 |
| 5. The Meghadūta . . . . | 84 |
| 6. The Kumārasambhava . . . | 87 |
| 7. The Raghuvaṁça . . . . | 92 |
| 8. Kālidāsa's Thought . . . . | 98 |
| 9. Kālidāsa's Style and Metre . . . | 101 |
| V. Bhāravi, Bhaṭṭi, Kumāradāsa, and Māgha . . | 109 |
| 1. Bhāravi . . . . . | 109 |
| 2. Bhaṭṭi . . . . . | 116 |
| 3. Kumāradāsa . . . . | 119 |
| 4. Māgha . . . . . | 124 |
| VI. The Lesser Epic Poets . . . . | 132 |
| VII. Historical Kāvya . . . . . | 144 |
| 1. Indian Historical Writing . . . | 144 |
| 2. The Beginnings of History . . . | 147 |
| 3. Bilhaṇa . . . . . | 153 |
| 4. Kalhaṇa's Life and Times . . . | 158 |
| 5. The Rājataraṅgiṇī and its Sources . . | 161 |
| 6. Kalhaṇa as a Historian . . . | 164 |
| 7. Kalhaṇa's Style . . . . | 169 |
| 8. Minor Historical Kāvya . . . | 172 |
| VIII. Bhartṛhari, Amaru, Bilhaṇa, and Jayadeva . . | 175 |
| 1. Bhartṛhari . . . . | 175 |
| 2. Amaru . . . . . | 183 |
| 3. Bilhaṇa . . . . . | 188 |
| 4. Jayadeva . . . . . | 190 |
| IX. Lyric Poetry and the Anthologies . . . | 199 |
| 1. Secular Poetry . . . . | 199 |
| 2. Religious Poetry . . . . | 210 |
| 3. The Anthologies . . . . | 222 |
| 4. Prākrit Lyrics . . . . | 223 |
| X. Gnomic and Didactic Poetry . . . . | 227 |
| 1. Gnomic Poetry . . . . | 227 |
| 2. Didactic Poetry . . . . | 236 |

c4.7

2. The Reconstruction of the Pañcatantra and its Origin . . . . 246
3. The Subject-matter of the Pañcatantra . . 248
4. The Style and Language of the Pañcatantra . 255
5. The Derivative Forms of the Pañcatantra . 259
6. The Hitopadeça . . . . 263 XII. The Bṛhatkathā and its Descendants . . 266
1. Guṇāḍhya and the Bṛhatkathā . . . 266
2. The Bṛhatkathāçlokasaṁgraha of Budhasvāmin . 272
3. The Kashmirian Bṛhatkathā . . . 275
4. Kṣemendra's Bṛhatkathāmañjarī . . . 276
5. Somadeva's Kathāsaritsāgara . . . 281 XIII. The Romantic and the Didactic Tale . . 288
1. The Romantic Tale . . . . 288
2. The Didactic Tale . . . . 293 XIV. The Great Romances . . . . 296
1. The Age and Works of Daṇḍin . . . 296
2. The Daçakumāracarita . . . . 297
3. The Content and Style of the Daçakumāracarita 299
4. Subandhu . . . . . 307
5. The Vāsavadattā . . . . 308
6. Bāṇa's Life and Works . . . . 314
7. The Harṣacarita . . . . 316
8. The Kādambarī . . . . 319
9. Bāṇa's Style . . . . . 326 XV. The later Romances and the Campūs . . 331
1. The Romances . . . . . 331
2. The Campūs . . . . . 332 XVI. The Aims and Achievement of Sanskrit Poetry . 338
1. The Aims and Training of the Poet . . 338
2. The Achievement . . . . 344 XVII. The West and Indian Literature . . . 352
1. The Fables and Märchen of Greece and India . 352
2. The Translations of the Pañcatantra . . 357
3. The Çukasaptati . . . . 359 6. The Hexameter and Indian Metre . . 370 XVIII. Theories of Poetry . . . . 372
1. The Beginnings of Theory on Poetry . . 372
2. The Early Schools of Poetics . . . 375
3. The Doctrine of Dhvani . . . 386
4. The Critics and Supporters of the Doctrine of Dhvani . . . . 391

c4.8

PART III. SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

c4.9

XIX. The Origin and Characteristics of the Scientific Literature . . . . 403
1. The Origin of the Çāstras . . . 403
2. The Characteristics of the Scientific Literature 406 XX. Lexicography and Metrics . . . 412
1. The Origin and Characteristics of Sanskrit Lexicography . . . . 412
2. The Extant Lexica . . . 413
3. Treatises on Metre . . . 415
4. The Metres of Classical Poetry . . 417 XXI. Grammar . . . . . 422
1. The Beginnings of Grammatical Study . 422
2. Pāṇini and his Followers . . . 423
3. The Later Schools . . . 431
4. Grammars of Prākrit . . . 433 XXII. Civil and Religious Law (Dharmaçāstra) . 437
1. The Origin of the Dharmaçāstras . . 437
2. The Smṛti of Manu . . . 439
3. The Later Smṛtis . . . 445
4. The Digests of Law . . . 448 XXIII. The Science of Politics and Practical Life (Arthaçāstra, Nītiçāstra) . . . 450
1. The Origin of the Arthaçāstra . . 450
2. The Content and Form of the Kauṭilīya Arthaçāstra . . . . 452
3. The Authenticity of the Arthaçāstra . . 458
4. Later Treatises . . . . 462
5. Ancillary Sciences . . . . 464

c4.10

| XXIV. The Science of Love (Kāmaçāstra) . . . | . | 467 |
| XXV. Philosophy and Religion . . . . | . | 471 |
| 1. The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy . . | . | 471 |
| 2. The Pūrvamīmāṅsā . . . . | . | 472 |
| 3. The Vedānta . . . . . | . | 474 |
| (*a*) The Doctrine of Non-duality and Illusion | | 475 |
| (*b*) Rāmānuja . . . . | . | 478 |
| (*c*) Other Commentators . . . | . | 479 |
| 4. Theology and Mysticism . . . | . | 479 |
| 5. Logic and Atomism . . . . | . | 482 |
| 6. The Sāṁkhya and Yoga Schools . . | . | 487 |
| 7. Buddhism . . . . . | . | 491 |
| 8. Jainism . . . . . . | . | 497 |
| 9. Cārvākas or Lokāyatas . . . . | . | 498 |
| 10. Historians of Philosophy . . . | . | 499 |
| 11. Greece and Indian Philosophy . . . | . | 500 |
| XXVI. Medicine . . . . . . | . | 505 |
| 1. The Development of Indian Medicine . | . | 505 |
| 2. The Older Saṁhitās . . . . | . | 506 |
| 3. The Medical Tracts in the Bower MS. . | . | 509 |
| 4. Later Medical Works . . . . | . | 510 |
| 5. Greece and Indian Medicine . . . | . | 513 |
| XXVII. Astronomy, Astrology, and Mathematics . . | . | 516 |
| 1. The pre-scientific Period . . . | . | 516 |
| 2. The Period of the Siddhāntas . . . | . | 517 |
| 3. Āryabhaṭa and later Astronomers . . | . | 521 |
| 4. Āryabhaṭa and later Mathematicians . | . | 523 |
| 5. Greece and Indian Mathematics . . | . | 525 |
| 6. Varāhamihira and early Astrologers . | . | 528 |
| 7. Greece and Indian Astrology . . . | . | 530 |
| 8. Varāhamihira's Poetry . . . | . | 532 |
| 9. Later Works on Astrology . . . | . | 534 |
| ENGLISH INDEX . . . . . . | . | 537 |
| SANSKRIT INDEX . . . . . . | . | 559 |

c4.11

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