[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Literature, language and dating](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature) › [A History of Indian Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927) › v2.c19.s2.16 # A History of Indian Literature v2.c19.s2.16 A History of Indian Literature v2.c19.s2.16 - **Language:** English ### [v2.c19.s2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2.16) The Khandhakās, \*i.e.\*, "sections,"² which give the precepts for the various arrangements of the order (Saṅgha) and regulate the entire conduct of the monks and nuns in their daily life, form a kind of continuation and supplement of the Suttavibhaṅga. The ten sections of the Mahāvagga, \*i. e.\*, the "great section," contain the special precepts for admission into the order, for the Uposatha celebration, for life during the rainy season and for the Pavāraṇā celebration taking place at the end of the rainy season, and further, the rules for the wearing of shoes, facilities for seats and vehicles, medicine and clothing of the monks, and finally for the regulation of the legal conditions and the legal procedure within the order, especially in the case of schisms. The first nine sections of the Cullavagga, \*i.e.\*, the "lesser section," deal with the disciplinary methods in lesser matters, with various atonements and penances, the adjustment of disputes, the daily life of the monks, dwellings and furnishing of dwellings, the duties of monks towards one another and the exclusion from the Pāṭimokkha ceremony. Section X of the Cullavagga deals with the duties of the nuns. In the same way as the Pāṭimokkha underlies the Suttavibhaṅga, there are also, underlying the acts and ceremonies prescribed in the Khandhakās, old formulae, the so-called Kammavācā, \*i. e.\*, "words for the acts." These do not form a part of the Tipiṭaka any more than the Pāṭimokkha does,¹ but are merely included in the Khandhakās, in a similar manner as the mantras or prayers are included in the Vedic Brāhmaṇas and Sūtras. Sections XI and XII, in which the story of the first two councils of Rājagaha and Vesālī² is told, are no doubt later additions, and form a kind of appendix to the Cullavagga. - [Previous: v2.c19.s2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2.15) - [Next: v2.c19.s2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2.17) - [Up: v2.c19.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.literature.winternitz-1927.v2.c19.s2.16) · Pramāṇa