Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan (1200–1550 A.D.) c11: Index

Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan (1200–1550 A.D.) c11

Language: English

Index

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Abud-ur-Razzaq, Persian Ambassador, XXIV-XXV. Abu'l Fazl, on metal workers, 99-100; division of the Satis, 157; items of female toilet, 283. Acrobats, jugglers, mountebanks, etc., 210. Adab-ul-muluk of Fakhr-ud-din Mubarak Shah, XXIII. Aheria, spring hunt, 191. Ahimsa, non-violence, 235. Ahl-i-daulat, ruling class, 54. Ahl-i-murad, class, catering for pleasures, 54. Ahl-i-Sadat or the intelligentsia, 54. Ain-i-Akbari of Abu'l Fazl, XI, XII, XIII. A'izza, foreigners in Hindustan, 63. Akbar, Mughal Emperor, on age of marriage, 146; his interference in widow-burning, 158; on regulated use of drinks, 226. Akbar-nama of Abu'l Fazl, X. 'Alams, royal standards, 42. 'Ala-ud-din Khalji, his conquering spirit, 10; employment of slaves, 31; introduction of Indian element in the state, 62; control of Delhi market, 95, 108; employment of masons, 101; suppression of commercial dishonesty and business frauds, 110; gifts by, 118-9; on pay of a soldier and village headman, 123-24; prostitution, 227; suppression of drinking, 225-26. Amir, title of honour, 56, 60. Amir-i-akhur or Akhur-bak, master of royal stables, 35. Amir Khusrau, on historical value of his works, with remarks, XIII; theologians as a class, 70; flowers of the land, 89; use of sugarcanes in the manufacture of drinks, 91; excellence of Bengal manufactures, 97; masons and stone-cutters of Delhi, 100; use of paper in Delhi, 103; choice of a friend, 217. Amusements and recreations, 186. Ata', title of honour, 58. Arab geographers, knowledge of India and China, i-ii. Asad Khan, charity of, 222. Astrologers, 31. Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor, 2.

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**B**

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Babur, memoirs of, IX; on the defeat and Jauhar of Mendi Rai of Chanderi, 159; Indian rural population, 161; description of Hindustan, with remarks, 239-40. Badr-i-chach, XX. Bahloli, coin, 251. Bairam Khan and Abu'l Qasim, friendship between, 218. Bakhtyar Khalji, 10. Balban, Sultan, 10, 30, 61, 70. Bandagan-i-Khas, royal slaves, 30. Bar, court, 44. Barbak, official, 47, 50-52. Barbosa, traveller, XXIV, 97, 100, 113. Basant Panchami, festival 202. Bayazid, memoirs of, IX; letters of, XXVI. Baz Bahadur and Rupamati, story of, XIX. Bhats of Rajputana, caravan guides, 108. Bibliography, 258. Bughra Khan, advice to his son, 70, 72; his gift to him, 90.

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**C**

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Caravanis or Banjaras, business community, 107. Card play, 200. Caste system and the theory of Dharma, 7. Castes in Hindu society in the early Muslim period, 79. Ceremonials instituted by the Sultans of Delhi, 17. Chaitanya, 20. Chandal-mandal, game, 199. Chandi Das, poet, XX. Charity, 220. Chashnigir, official, 35. Chatr and Durbash, symbols of royalty, 40.

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Chaupar, game, 199. Chess, 198. Child birth and hise ducation, 143-IV. City of contemporary Hindustan described, 164. Coins, 250. Conti, Nicolo, traveller, XXIV; on number of castes, 79; use of paper in Gujarat, 103; bride's choice between suttee or surrender of dowry, 156. Conversation, 232. Conveyances, 174. Cosmetics, toilets, and ornaments, 180. Cost of living, 131. Court etiquette, 46. Court-poets, 31. Crown and throne, symbols of royalty, 39. Crown lands or milk, 37.

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Dagla, overcoat, 175. Dancing and singing, 209. Desehra, festival, 203. Davat-dar, official, 51. Death ceremony, 150. Delhi kingdom, varying territorial extent of, 3. Delhi Sultans, chronology of, 256. Delhiwals, coins, 251. Deogir, central capital in the south, iii, 248; centre of cloth manufacture, 96. Dewalrani Khizr Khan, XIV, XXVIII. Dharma, significance of the term, 213. Divali, festival, 203. Domestic events, 143. Domestic life, 132. Domestic pets, 173. Domestic servant or slave, life of, 124. Domestics and slaves, 129. Dresses and clothes, 175. Drinking 224. Dyeing industry, 98.

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Economic life, standard of, 93. Elephants and hoards of bullion, 42.

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Fakhr-ud-din Mubarak Shah, 20. Farghul, fur-coat, 175. Fatawa-i-jahandari of Ziya-ud-din Barani, XXIII. Figh-i-Firuz Shahi, XXIII. Firuz Tughluq, his attitude towards slaves, 31; laying of gardens, 88; patronage in masonry work 101; on business rules and practice of brokers, 108; royal stores of his time, 117; prohibition of luxuries, 173; hunting party, 192. Flower culture, 89. Food, 183. Foreign merchants in Hindustan, 115. Foreign trade, 111. Frampton, John, his idea of India, 1. Fruit culture, 89. Furniture, 173.

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Gandha Baniks, scent merchants, 91. Garden laying, 89. Gujarat, centre of cloth manufacture, 98. Gujarati Banias, business community, 107. Gulbadan Begum, memoirs of, 9, 138.

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Haji Dabir, historian, IX, 137. Hajib, official, 50-52. Hamira Deva, Rajput chief, 219. Haram, 26, 138. Hidayat-ur-rami, XXII. Hijrah year and months, 249. Hindu dresses, 177. Hindu festivals, 201. Hindu lunar month, 249. Hindu manners, 233. Hindu order, upset by the Muslim impact, v. Hindu society, distinctive feature of, 79. Hindu women, 234. Hindustan, territory of, i-iv. Hindustan on the eve of Akbar, 237. Holi, festival, 202. Home industries, 92. Horses, demand for the supply of 112, 115. Houses of nobles, 171. Household staff of a Sultan, 34.

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Humayun, Mughal Emperor, his knowledge of astronomy, 32; observations on widow-burning, 157; introduction of a new design of overcoat, 175; introduction of new festivities, 196. *Humayun-nama* of Khvandamir, IX, XII. Husain Khan, historian, IX.

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Ibn Batuta, traveller, XXIV-XXVI; account of *Suttee*, 154, 157; reception of state guests, 223. *I'jaz-i-Khusravi*, XVI. Iltutmish, 30. *Imam-i-'Adil*, 'the just Imam', 19. India, its division by the western world, *i*. Indian Islam and Hinduism, 78, 81. Indian rural life, 83. Indian village communities, 6, 84. Indoor amusements, 193. Indoor games, 197. Industrial labour, character of, 104. Industries, 94. *Insha'-nama* of Tahir-ul-Husaini, XXVI. Internal trade, 106. Islamic ideals affected by the secular nature of the Muslim State, 13.

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*Jami'-ut-Tawarikh*, 246. *Jashn*, or social parties, 193. *Jashn* darbars, ceremony, 45. *Jauhar*, custom 158. *Jauhar*, memoirs of, IX. *Jawami'-ul-Hikayat* of Muhammad 'Awfi, XVIII. *Jitals*, coins, 251. Joint family, 132.

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Kabir, XX. Kamran Mirja, rebel brother of Humayun, 48. Kanhayya, 220. *Karkhanas*, royal stores, 36. *Khan*, title of honour, 56, 59. *Kharitadar*, official, 35. *Khattees*, or grain-pits, 88. *Khavas Khan*, charity of, 222.

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*Khaza'in-ul-futuh*, XIV-XV. *Khil'at*, dress of honour, 46, 61-175. *Khitab*, title of honour, 57. *Khurasanis*, foreign Muslim merchants, 107. *Khutba* and *Sikka*, ceremonies, 39. Kingship according to Arab thinkers, 2. *Kitab-i-Ni'mat Khana-i-Nasir Shahi*, XXII. *Koka* and Kamran, friendship between, 218. *Kornish*, ceremony of presentation, 47. *Krishna-lila*, festival, 210. *Kushk-i-sabz*, palace, 26.

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Lalla, poet, XX. Land produce, 87. Leather-work, 104. Loyalty to a master or superior, 215; to an equal or friend, 217; to a certain conduct (chivalry), 219.

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Mahadeva-nagari, centre of cloth manufacture, 96. *Mahajans*, bankers, 109. Mahmud II, letters of, XXVI. Mahuan, Chinese traveller, 99, 97, XXIV. Male decorations, list of, 183. *Malfuzat-i-Timur*, XI. *Malik*, title of honour, 56, 60. Malik Muhammad Jaisi, poet of Oudh, XIX, 90. Marriage, 146. *Masalik-ul-Absar*, 37, 130-31. *Masalik-ul-Absar-fi-mamalik-ul Amsar*, X. *Mash'aldar*, official, 35. *Matl'a-ul-anwar*, XVI, XXII. Measures of distance, 249. Measures of time, 248. Medni Rai of Chanderi, defeat and *Jauhar* of, 159. Metal-work, 99. *Miftah-ul-futuh*, XIV. Military and physical sports, 187. *Mina Bazars*, 196. Muhammad Tughluq, slaves maintained by, 31; his establishment, 35; distribution of robes of honour and employment of men for royal supply, 95, 117;

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fabulous gifts of money 118; order to compile census registers’ 246. Muharram, festival, 206. Muhr-dar, official, 51. Mukand Ram, poet, XX. Multanis, business community, 107. Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, IX. Miqaddim, village headman, 124. Musicians, 31. Muslim dresses, 176. Muslim festivals, 204. Muslim State, attitude of, towards Suttee, 157. Muslim Sufis in Hindustan, remarks on the writings of, XXI.

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Nadim or courties, 33. Namakhalali, Muslim term for loyalty, 216. Nanak, religious poet, XX; on selection of friends, 217. Naqib, official, 52. Nard, game, 197. Naubat, royal band, 47. Nau-ruz, spring festival, 45, 205. Nazr, ceremony, 49. Nikitin, traveller, XXIV. Nisar, ceremony, 49. Nobility, composition of, 65. Nobles and Sultan, personal relations between, 64. Nuh Sipahr, XIV.

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Official receptions and State celebrations, 207. Opium, use of, 226. Ornaments and public appearance, 182.

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Padumavat, XIX. Palaces, 25. Paper 102. Pardah and social intercourse between the sexes, 138. Persian ideas, influence of, on Muslim Society, 2. Polo and horse-racing, etc., 189. Polo, Marco, traveller, XXIV. Popular amusements, 201. Population, 246. Prices of commodities, 126. Prostitution, 227. Public appearance and behaviour, 230. Purush-Pariksha of Vidyapati Thakur, XVIII.

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Qalansuwah, darwish cap, 176. Qasr-i-firuzi, palace, 26. Qasr-i-Safid, palace, 26. Qiran-us-Sa'dain, XIV. Qutb-ud-din Aibak, 30.

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Rajputs, on the custom of Suttee, 156. Rajputs, their protection and shelter to a refugee, 219. Rama-lila, festival, 210. Riyaz-ul-Insha' of Mahmud Gawan, XXVI. Royal court, 52. Royal quarter, 167. Rural village of Hindustan, 161-2.

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Sahaif of Shaikh Sadr-ud-din, XXI. Sahus, money-lenders, 109. Saqi-i-Khas, official, 35. Sar-abdar, official, 35. Sar-Jamadar, official, 35. Sar-Jandar, officer, 34. Sar-Silahdar officer, 34. Sayaban red canopy of state, 41. Sayyids, religious class, 71. Sea-borne trade, 111. Seat of the Central Government, 247. Shab Barat, festival, 205. Shahna-i-bahr-o-kashti, superintendent of rivers and royal boats, 36. Shahna-i-bar, steward, 46. Shahna-i-bargah, official, 51. Shahna-i-pil, superintendent of royal elephants, 35. Shart-i-zamin-bos, ground-kissing ceremony, 47. Sher Shah, on currency reforms, 252. Shikar, chase, 190. Shughl, title of honour, 57. Shustari, a kind of cloth, 115. Sidi 'Ali Reis, Turkish Admiral, XXV-XXVI. Simhala, Hindu capital in N. India, XIX. Sital-patis, mats, 172. Slaves and their status, 73-77. Social and domestic comforts, 161.

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State, conception of, 8. State attitude towards public prostitution, 228-9. State nobles and employees, standards of life of, 121. Stephano, traveller, XXIV. Stone and Brick work, 100. Sufi and his estimate of social conditions, 23. Sugar, 103 Sultan and his powers, 10. Sultan as a private person, 24. Sultan and Islam, 14. Sultan and its reactions on Muslim society, 1. Sultans, items of expenditure of, 117. Sultans of Delhi, chronology of, 256. Suttee, burning of a Hindu wife after the death of her husband, 152.

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*Tabaqat-i-Akbari*, IX. *Tabaqat-i-Nasiri*, IX-X. Tahwildar, official, 35. *Taj-ul Ma'asir* of Hasan Nizami, X. *Tamassukas*, bonds, 109. Tanka, purchasing power of, and the standards of income, 253. *Tarikh-i-Daudi*, IX, XI. *Tarikh-i-Fakhr-ud-din* Mubarak Shah, IX. *Tarikh-i-Firishta*, X, 172. *Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi* of Shams-i-Siraf ‘Afif, X. *Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi* of Ziya-ud-din Barani, IX-X. *Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi*, IX. *Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi*, IX, XI. Tashtdar, official, 35. Taslim, ceremony of presentation, 47.

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Textiles, 95. *Tilaka* or *mangni*, betrothal ceremony, 147. Timur, memoirs of, IX. Titles of honour, 39. Town-planning, 163. Trade, 105, 125. Trade through the land frontiers, 115. *Tughluq-nama*, XIV. *Tuhfa-i-Nasa'ih* of Yusuf Gada, XXII.

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‘Ulama or the state theologians, 67. Umara or the nobility, 55.

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Vakil-i-dar, official, 50-51. Verthema, traveller, XXII; on excellence of Bengal manufactures, 99; richness of Bengal for cotton, ginger, etc., XIV; goodness of the Gujaratis, 235. Vices, 223. Vidyapati Thakur, XX. Village manufactures, 90. Virtues, 214.

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*Waqi'at-i-Baburi*, XI. *Waqi'at-i-Mushtaqi*, IX, XI. Weights and measures, 252. Woman, position of, 134.

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*Zafar-nama* of ‘Ali Yazdi, IX, XI. *Zakhirat-ul-muluk* of Hamadani, XXI. Ziya-ud-din Barani, 16.

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The Church of the Apostles, therefore, was not a Church of the world, but a Church of the Spirit. It was not a Church of the letter, but a Church of the life. It was not a Church of the law, but a Church of the Gospel. It was not a Church of the flesh, but a Church of the faith. It was not a Church of the earth, but a Church of the heaven. It was not a Church of the time, but a Church of the eternity. It was not a Church of the man, but a Church of the God. It was not a Church of the death, but a Church of the life. It was not a Church of the darkness, but a Church of the light. It was not a Church of the hatred, but a Church of the love. It was not a Church of the war, but a Church of the peace. It was not a Church of the sorrow, but a Church of the joy. It was not a Church of the pain, but a Church of the healing. It was not a Church of the fear, but a Church of the hope. It was not a Church of the doubt, but a Church of the trust. It was not a Church of the sin, but a Church of the grace. It was not a Church of the judgment, but a Church of the mercy. It was not a Church of the condemnation, but a Church of the salvation. It was not a Church of the exclusion, but a Church of the inclusion. It was not a Church of the division, but a Church of the unity. It was not a Church of the pride, but a Church of the humility. It was not a Church of the power, but a Church of the service. It was not a Church of the wealth, but a Church of the poverty. It was not a Church of the glory, but a Church of the cross.

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The Church of the Apostles was a Church of the Spirit, because it was born of the Spirit, and it was led by the Spirit, and it was empowered by the Spirit, and it was sanctified by the Spirit, and it was guided by the Spirit, and it was comforted by the Spirit, and it was enlightened by the Spirit, and it was inspired by the Spirit, and it was filled by the Spirit, and it was transformed by the Spirit, and it was renewed by the Spirit, and it was revived by the Spirit, and it was quickened by the Spirit, and it was animated by the Spirit, and it was invigorated by the Spirit, and it was strengthened by the Spirit, and it was established by the Spirit, and it was preserved by the Spirit, and it was kept by the Spirit, and it was guarded by the Spirit, and it was protected by the Spirit, and it was defended by the Spirit, and it was sustained by the Spirit, and it was upheld by the Spirit, and it was supported by the Spirit, and it was maintained by the Spirit, and it was nurtured by the Spirit, and it was cherished by the Spirit, and it was loved by the Spirit, and it was blessed by the Spirit.

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Ash

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