[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Civil Disobedience in Indian Tradition, with Some Early Nineteenth Century Documents](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2) › c8 # Civil Disobedience in Indian Tradition, with Some Early Nineteenth Century Documents c8: Glossary Civil Disobedience in Indian Tradition, with Some Early Nineteenth Century Documents c8 - **Language:** English ### Glossary ### [c8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.1) (Most of the following explanations have been taken from H.H. Wilson’s \*A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms\*, published in 1855. Others are based on the present writer’s own understanding of them) ### [c8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.2) | \*Abkarry:\* | Revenue from duty on intoxicants, etc. | | \*Amlah:\* | The collective head native officers of judicial or revenue court under the European judge or collector. | | \*Bazars:\* | Shopping areas, markets. | | \*Bunds:\* | Widespread non-cooperation and resistance to government, particularly in Maharashtra | | \*Brahmins:\* | Hindu caste of scholars, priests and ascetics. | | \*Cherucoons:\* | Chief peons | | \*Chokeydars:\* | Watchmen. | | \*Choudries:\* | Heads or representatives of areas or groups. | | \*Chubootra:\* | Place where the head of the police is usually stationed; a police office or station. | | \*Chunam:\* | Lime | | \*Clashy:\* | A tent-pitcher, a matross. | | \*Cooley:\* | Labourers | | \*Coss:\* | A distance of about 2 miles. | | \*Cutcherry:\* | A law court; a place where any public business is transacted. | | \*Cutwall:\* | Chief officer of police for a city or town. | | \*Cutwally:\* | Office of a \*Cutwal\*. | | \*Dhurm Puttree:\* | Communication binding the recipients by a religious oath to join or conform to some commonly arrived decision. | | \*Dhurna:\* | Sitting usually at the door of a house as a protest against some wrong doing by the particular householder. The person or persons protesting were to observe strict | ### [c8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.3) fast and consequently the alleged wrongdoer was expected to fast also and abstain from his usual occupations and amusements. ### [c8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.4) \*Dingy:\* A passage boat. ### [c8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.5) \*Dubass:\* A native man of business in the service of a European; one who speaks two languages. ### [c8.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.6) \*Durkhast:\* An application. ### [c8.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.7) \*Durzees:\* Tailors. ### [c8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.8) \*Dusserah:\* A major Hindu festival celebrated in September or October signifying Rama's victory over Ravana. ### [c8.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.9) \*Dustucks:\* A permit, a passport; also a writ, a warrant. ### [c8.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.10) \*Faqueers:\* A religious mendicant, usually a Muslim by religion. ### [c8.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.11) \*Gentues:\* Hindoos (originally applied to Telugu-speaking people by Europeans). ### [c8.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.12) \*Gomastah:\* An agent; a steward employed to collect rent, money, etc. ### [c8.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.13) \*Goshains:\* A particular Hindu religious order. ### [c8.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.14) \*Hartal:\* Shutting up or closing all the shops of a market as a passive resistance to exaction. ### [c8.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.15) \*Hujams:\* Barbers ### [c8.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.16) \*Jagirdar:\* Holder of an assignment of revenue; in this instance seemingly of a large one. ### [c8.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.17) \*Jolahirs:\* Weavers ### [c8.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.18) \*Jummabundy:\* A statement exhibiting the particulars of the public revenue, its amount and how assessed. ### [c8.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.19) \*Kahars:\* Water-carriers, palankin-bearers, etc. ### [c8.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.20) \*Khelaut:\* A dress of honour. ### [c8.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.21) \*Kist:\* The portion of annual revenue assessment to be paid at specific periods in the course of the year. ### [c8.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.22) \*Koonbees:\* An India-wide numerous Hindu caste of peasants or those engaged in agriculture. ### [c8.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.23) \*Koor\*: Self-immolation as a protest. ### [c8.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.24) \*Korees\*: A caste of growers of vegetables, etc. ### [c8.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.25) \*Lac\*: A hundred thousand (1,00,000). ### [c8.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.26) \*Lohars\*: Blacksmiths (perhaps also applied to manufacturer, of iron and steel who seem to have been fairly numerous and powerful at this period). ### [c8.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.27) \*Mahajuns\*: Merchants and bankers. ### [c8.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.28) \*Mahrattah\*: Originally residents of Maharashtra; in this instance apparently refers to warriors from amongst them living in Benares. ### [c8.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.29) \*Malgoozaree\*: Revenue assessment. ### [c8.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.30) \*Mehulla\*: A locality or a ward in a town or city. ### [c8.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.31) \*Mistrees\*: Mechanics ### [c8.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.32) \*Mofussil\*, \*mofusil\*: Usually used for non-urban areas. ### [c8.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.33) \*Mohullahdars\*: Government appointed persons responsible to the police for providing information about the respective \*mehullas\*. ### [c8.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.34) \*Moosuddies\*: Writers, clerks; in this instance seemingly assessors or collectors of tax also. ### [c8.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.35) \*Mujlis\*: An assembly. ### [c8.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.36) \*Mullahs\*: Boatmen. ### [c8.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.37) \*Naib\*: A deputy. ### [c8.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.38) \*Nazir\*: A supervisor, or officer of court charged with the serving of process, etc. ### [c8.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.39) \*Nizamut affairs\*: Department of police and criminal law. ### [c8.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.40) \*Peons\*: Footmen foot soldiers; inferior officers of police or customs, or courts of justice. ### [c8.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.41) \*Pergunnahs\*: A demarcated area of many villages several of which went to constitute a \*chakla\* or \*zila\*, i.e. a present-day district. ### [c8.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.42) \*Perwannahs\*: Orders, written precepts, permits or passes. ### [c8.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.43) \*Phatucks\*: City or \*mehulla\* gates. ### [c8.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.44) \*Phatuckbundee\*: Contributions for the expense of looking after the \*phatucks\*, i.e., watch and ward of the city. ### [c8.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8.45) | \*Punch:\* | Council of any caste, group, or area. | | \*Pottahs:\* | A document specifying the conditions under which land is held by a tenant, etc. | | \*Rajpoots, Raujpoots:\* | A warrior caste amongst the Hindus. | | \*Ryots:\* | Peasants. | | \*Sayer:\* | Sources of revenue other than agricultural land. | | \*Shastra:\* | Scripture, works of authority. | | \*Sooltauns:\* | Kings. | | \*Syce:\* | Driver of a horse-carriage, a coachman. | | \*Tallua Nallah:\* | Name of a locality in Benares. | | \*Talook:\* | An estate, including many villages. | | \*Tahsildar:\* | Government officer incharge of a \*tahsil\* (part of a district) for revenue and law and order functions. | | \*Thannahdars:\* | Officers incharge of \*thannahs\* (police stations); also employed in enforcing payment of government revenue. | | \*Traga:\* | Self-immolation as a protest. | | \*Urzee, arzee:\* | Representation; a petition. | | \*Vakeel:\* | A lawyer; in this instance a government pleader. | | \*Zillah:\* | A district. | --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dharampal-1971-2.c8) · Pramāṇa