[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Administrative Institutions](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929) › c12.s3.80 # Hindu Administrative Institutions c12.s3.80 Hindu Administrative Institutions c12.s3.80 - **Language:** English ### [c12.s3.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3.80) The \*gaṇas\* have further changed their role during the period of the later law-givers, Nārada, Bṛhaspati, and Kātyāyana. They were no more independent republics but were subordinate to the king. The various officers of these groups or institutions were appointed by the king as representing the state.² - [Previous: c12.s3.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3.79) - [Next: c12.s3.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3.81) - [Up: c12.s3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c12.s3.80) · Pramāṇa