[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Administrative Institutions](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929) › c8.s1.2 # Hindu Administrative Institutions c8.s1.2 Hindu Administrative Institutions c8.s1.2 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1.2) ¹ The eighteen \*tirthas\* of Sanskrit literature are \*mantrin\* (chief minister), \*purohita\* (adviser in religion), \*senāpati\* (commander-in-chief), \*yuvarāja\* (Crown Prince), \*dauvārika\* (head door-keeper or palace mayor), \*antarvaṃśika\* (chamberlain), \*Praśāsṭṛ\* (secretary in charge of prisons), \*samāhartṛ\* (collector-general), \*sannidhātṛ\* (finance minister), \*pradeṣṭṛ\* (chief police officer), \*nāyaka\* (leader of infantry), \*pauravyavahārika\* (judge at the capital), \*karmāntika\* (director of mines and industries), \*mantrapariṣadadhyakṣa\* (secretary to the council-assembly), \*daṇḍapāla\* (leader of the army corps), \*durgapāla\* (the officer in charge of fortresses), \*antapāla\* (the chief of frontier guards), and \*āṭavika\* (forest chiefs).\[^2\] Dr. Nag takes \*nāyaka-Paura\* as one official and \*vyavahārika\* as a separate entity (\*Les Theories Diplomatique\*, p. 38), while Jayaswal makes \*nāyaka\* (generalissimo), \*Paura\* (governor of the capital), and \*vyavahārika\* (Judge) as three distinct \*tirthas\*. In his classification he has left out \*āṭavika\* and the reason for the exclusion of this department has not been furnished. (\*Hindu Polity\*, pt. ii, pp. 133-134; \*Arthaśāstra\*, i. 12; Trivandrum edition, vol. i, p. 57). - [Previous: c8.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1.1) - [Next: c8.s1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1.3) - [Up: c8.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1) ## Linked texts (1) - [Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.artha.kautilya.1.12) — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1929.c8.s1.2) · Pramāṇa