[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [War in Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944) › c12.78 # War in Ancient India c12.78 War in Ancient India c12.78 - **Language:** English ### [c12.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12.78) These different spies were attached to one of the five institutes, and they sent information by making use of signs or writing (samjñā lipi) to the officers stationed in their respective institutes. Intelligence was also conveyed through cipher writing (gūḍhalekhya).⁵¹ Some spies were sent to foreign kingdoms to secure employment, and these were paid from the Home Department so that they would secretly furnish first-hand information regarding the enemy. These officials therefore went by the name of \*ubhayavetanas\*. One other business of these spies was also to discover the spies set by foreign kings. Spies under the guise of astrologers and readers of omens and auguries were set in motion to ascertain the relationship of the local people with foreign kings. By this means the king was asked to protect himself against the intrigues of foreign chiefs. - [Previous: c12.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12.77) - [Next: c12.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12.79) - [Up: c12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.dikshitar-1944.c12.78) · Pramāṇa