[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903) › c1 # The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration c1: The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration c1 - **Language:** English ### The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration ### [c1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.2) BY ### [c1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.3) WILLIAM IRVINE ### [c1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.4) LONDON ### [c1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.5) LUZAC & CO., 46, GREAT RUSSELL STREET ### [c1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.6) THE ARMY OF THE INDIAN MOGHULS: ### [c1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.7) ITS ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION. ### [c1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.8) BY ### [c1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.9) WILLIAM IRVINE, LATE BENGAL CIVIL SERVICE. ### [c1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.10) LONDON LUZAC & CO., 46, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, of, 63. — \*Khūd\*, \*Dabalghah\*, \*Top\*, 64. — \*Khoghī\*, 65. — \*Mighfar\*, 65. — \*Baktar\*, \*Bagtar\*, 66. — \*Chahār-āīnāh\*, 66. — \*Zirih\*, 67. — \*Jaibah\*, 67. — \*Joshan\*, 68. — \*Jihlam\*, 68. — \*Angarkhah\*, 68. — \*Daghlah\*, \*Daglā\*, 68. — \*Jāmah-i-fatāhī\*, 68. — \*Chihilqad\*, 69. — \*Sadīqī\*, 69. — \*Koṭhī\*, 69. — \*Bhanjū\*, 69. — \*Kamal\*, 69. — \*Ghūghwah\*, 70. — \*Kanthā-sobhā\*, 70. — \*Dastwānah\*, 70. — \*Rānak\*, 71. — \*Mozah-i-āhanī\*, 71. — \*Patkah\*, 71. — Horse armour, 71. — \*Kajīm\*, 71. — \*Artak-i-kajīm\*, 71. — \*Qashqah\*, 71. — \*Gardanī\*, 71. — Horse trappings, 72. ### [c1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.11) Chapter VIII. Equipment. — B. Offensive Arms: I, Weapons for close quarters . . . 73—89 ### [c1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.12) 1. Swords, 74. — Mode of carrying, 74. — Names for, 75. — Names of parts and belts, 75. — \*Shamsher\*, 75. — \*Dhūp\*, \*ʿAṣa Shamsher\*, 76. — \*Khaṇḍā\*, 76. — \*Sirohī\*, 76. — \*Paṭṭa\*, 77. — \*Guptī\*, 77. — Shields, 77. — \*Chirwah\* and \*Tilwah\* shields, 78. — Fencing shields (\*pharī\*), 78. ### [c1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.13) 2. Maces, \*Gurz\*, 79. — \*Shashbur\*, 79. — \*Piyāzī\*, 79. — \*Dhara\*, 79. — \*Garguz\*, 79. — \*Khaṇḍlī-Phānsī\*, 79. — \*Sānt\* (flail), 80. — \*Pusht-khār\*, 80. — \*Khār-i-māhī\*, 80. — \*Gajbāg\*, 80. ### [c1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.14) 3. Battle Axes, \*Tabar\*, 10. — \*Zāghnol\*, 80. — \*Tabar-zāghnol\*, 80. — \*Tarangālah\*, 80. — \*Parusa\*, 81. — \*Venmuroo\*, 81. — \*Basolah\*, 81. — \*Chamchāq\*, 81. ### [c1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.15) 4. Spears, \*Sinān\*, 81. — \*Nezah\*, 82. — \*Bhālā\*, 82. — \*Barchhah\*, 83. — \*Sānk\*, \*Sāng\*, \*Sangī\*, 83. — \*Sainthī\*, 84. — \*Selah\*, 84. — \*Ballam\*, 84. — \*Panḍī-Ballam\*, 84. — \*Panjmukh\*, 84. — \*Lānge\*, 85. — \*Garhiyā\*, 85. — \*ʿAlam\*, 85. — \*Kont\*, \*Gaṇḍāsā\*, 85. ### [c1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.16) 5. Daggers, \*Kaṭār\*, \*Kaṭārah\*, \*Kaṭārī\*, 85. — \*Jamdhar\*, 86. — \*Khanjar\*, 86. — \*Jamkhāk\*, 87. — \*Jhambwah\*, 87. — \*Bānk\*, 87. — \*Narsingh moth\*, 87. — \*Bichhwā\*, 87. — \*Khapwah\*, 88. — \*Peshqabẓ\*, 88. — \*Kārd\*, 88. — \*Chāqchaqī\*, 89. — \*Sailābah-i-qalmāqī\*, 89. ### [c1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.17) Chapter IX. Equipment. — C. Offensive Arms, II. Missiles 90—112 ### [c1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.18) General, 90. — 1. Bows, 91. — \*Oqchī\*, \*Opchi\*, 91. — \*Charkh\*, 92. — \*Kamān\*, 92. — Notch, 93. — String, 93. — Thumb-stall, 93. — \*Takhsh Kamān\*, 95. — \*Kamān-i-gurohah\*, 95. — \*Gobhan\*, \*Falākhan\*, 95. — \*Kamthah\*, 95. — \*Nāwak\*, 96. — \*Tufak-i-dahān\*, 97. — Arrows, 97. — \*Tukkah\*, 97. — Names of arrows, 97. — Symbolical use of arrows, 98. — Quiver, 99. — Leather guard, 100. — \*Paikān-kash\* (arrow drawer), 101. — Target, 101. — Modes of Shooting, 101. ### [c1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.19) 2. Matchlock, \*Tufang\*, \*Bandūq\*, 103. — General, 103. — Tripod, 103. — \*Pārah\*, 106. — Match, 107. — Powder horn et cetera, 107. — Blank cartridge, 107. — \*Cailletoque\*, 107. — \*Jazāil\*, \*jazāir\*, 109. — \*Gingall\*, \*janjāl\*, 109. — \*Qidr\*, 111. 3. Pistols, \*Tamānchah\*, 111. — \*Sherbachah\*, 112. ### [c1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.20) Chapter X. Artillery. — Heavy guns . . . . . . . . . . 113—132 \*Top-khānah\* and its meanings, 113. — \*Top-i-kalān\*, \*Top-i-khurd\*, 114. — Under Bābar, 114. — \*Top-i-ẓarbzan\*, 115. — Under Akbar, 115. — European opinions, 116. — Heavy guns, 118. — Had names, 118. — Inscriptions on, 119. — Number with ʿĀlamgīr, 119. — Examples of use, 119. — By Aʿẓam Shāh, 119. — At Lāhor, 1125 H., 119. — At Thūn, 1128 H., 119. — At Wer, 1767, 120. — Jāts use of at Āgrah, 1767, 120. — How mounted, 121. — Descriptions of individual guns, 123. — Wooden guns of Sikhs, 128. — \*Ghabārah\*, 129. — \*Deg\*, 129. — \*Tīr\* (bore of a gun), 129. — Miscellaneous, 129. — \*Bādalījah\*, 129. — \*Manjanīq\*, 130. — \*Sangraʿd\*, 130. — \*Sarkob\*, \*Muqābil-kob\*, 130. — \*Top-i-hawāe\*, 130. — \*Chādar\*, 131. — \*Ḥuqqah-i-ātash\*, 131. ### [c1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.21) Chapter XI. Light Artillery . . . . . 133—151 \*Topkhānah-i-rezah\*, 133. — \*Topkhānah-i-jinsī\* (\*jambishī\*), 133. — \*Topkhānah-i-jilau\*, 133. — Artillery of the Stirrup, 134. — Names for light guns, 134. — \*Rahrau\*, 135. — Swivelguns or wallpieces, 135. — \*Gajnāl\*, \*Hathnāl\*, \*Narnāl\*, 135. — \*Shutarnāl\*, \*Zambūrak\*, \*Shāhīn\*, 135. — Size of \*Shutarnāl\*, 136. — Use of, 136. — \*Dhamākah\*, 137. — \*Rāmjanakī\*, 137. — \*Arghūn\*, 138. — \*Chalani\*, 138. — Fieldpieces, 138. — \*Rahkalah\*, 139. — Origin of name, 139. — ʿ\*Arādah-top\*, 140. — \*Qasārah\*, 140. — ʿ\*Arābah\*, 141. — \*Tūrah\*, \*Tobrah\*, 142. — \*Muhrah-i-rahkalah\*, 146. — Rockets, 147. — \*Mahtāb\*, 151. — Powder Magazines, 151. — \*Pal-i-siyāh\*, 151. — \*Badar\*, 151. ### [c1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.22) Chapter XII. Personnel of the Artillery . . . . . . . . . 152—159 Turks and Europeans, 152. — \*Mīr Ātash\*, 154. — \*Hazārī\*, 157. — \*Mink-bāshī\* 157. — \*Sadīwāl\*, \*Mirdahah\*, \*Sāir\*, 158. — \*Golandāz\*, 158. — \*Deg-andāz\*, 158. — \*Bān-andāz\*, \*Bān-dār\*, 159. ### [c1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.23) Chapter XIII. Ahshām . . . . . 160—174 General remarks, 160. — Infantry in general, 161. — \*Nāgas\*, 163. — ʿ\*Alighol\*, 164. — \*Silah-posh\*, 164. — \*Najīb\*, 164. — \*Pathahbāz\*, 165. — \*Dhalait\*, 165. — Amazons, 165. — \*Sihbandī\*, 166. — \*Barqandāz\*, 166. — Pay of Matchlockmen, 167. — \*Baksariyah\*, 168. — \*Bundelahs\*, 169. — Arabs, 169. — \*Bhīlah\*, 170. — \*Mewātī\*, 170. — \*Karnātakī\*, 170. — \*Kalā Piyādah\*, 171. — \*Rāwat\*, 171. — \*Bargī\*, 171. — Mughal, 172. — \*Farangī\*, 172. — Pay of last four classes, 172. — Artificers and their pay, 173. ### [c1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.24) Sipāhī-i-falez, 241. — Defeat, 241. — Jūhar, 242. — Proclamation of victory, 242. — Pillars of heads, 242. ### [c1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.25) Chapter XXII. Particular Battles, Stratagems, Losses . 244—259 Battle of Ḥasanpur, 1719, Telescopes, 245. — Reports of Battles, 254. — Stratagems of war, 255. — Fictitious desertion, 255. — Ambush, 255. — Personation of leader, 257. — Night surprizes, 257. — Statistics of losses, 258. — Treatment of slain and wounded, 259. ### [c1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.26) Chapter XXIII. Forts and Strongholds . . . . . . . 260—269 General remarks, 260. — Bound hedges, 261. — Hill forts, 262. — Places of refuge, 263. — Walled towns, 263. — Various parts of a fortification, Technical words, ḥiṣār, qilʿah, qalʿahchah, garhī, maḥṣūr shudan, maḥāṣarah kardan, burj-o-bārah, kungur, faṣīl, safīl, chatah, goonga, kamrgāh, rauni, sang-andāz, damāghah, 263. — Description of a small fort, 266. — References for other descriptions, 268. — Imperial fortresses, 268. ### [c1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.27) Chapter XXIV. Sieges . . . . . 270—295 General remarks, 270. — Approach by sap and mine, 273. — Sābāt, 274. — Sandbags, 278. — Movable shields, 278. — Shātūr, 278. — Malchār, 278. — Temporary wall, 279. — Sībā or Towers, 279. — Indian defence of forts, storming, 281. — Scaling ladders, 281. — Modes of repelling assaults, 282. — Stones, 283. — Evacuation after assault, 284. — Reduction by starvation, 284. — Gurdāspūr, 285. — Thūn, 285. — Second siege of Thūn, 287. — Communications between besiegers and besieged, 287. — Keys of fortresses, 287. — Particular sieges, 288. — Jaitpur, 289. — Allahābād, 290. — Bangarḥ, 291. — Āgrah, 294. ### [c1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1.28) Chapter XXV. General Observations . . . . . . . . 296—300 --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.irvine-1903.c1) · Pramāṇa