[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947) › c19.20 # Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c19.20 Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c19.20 - **Language:** English ### [c19.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.20) The first ocean surrounding Jambudvipa is Lavanoda or the Indian ocean.¹³ Then comes the continent of Dhātakikhaṇḍa which surrounds the Lavanoda and is twice in extent Then we have the Kāloda ocean and then Puskaradvīpa ¹⁴ In the middle of Puskaradvīpa is situated the mountain-range Mānusottara like a city wall which is the ultima thule of the Human World Thus according to the Jain conception, the Human World consists of two and a half continents, viz, Jambudvipa, Dhātakikhaṇḍa and half of Puskaradvīpa - [Previous: c19.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.19) - [Next: c19.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.21) - [Up: c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.20) · Pramāṇa