[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947) › c19.2348 # Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c19.2348 Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c19.2348 - **Language:** English ### [c19.2348](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.2348) This section consists of the list of the non-Āryan countries mentioned in the Jain texts, which includes mainly the list of non-Āryan tribes and the foreign female slaves. As already referred to, these lists have become so corrupt that it is very difficult to identify the place-names and the names of the tribes. For instance, Aravāga has changed into Akkhāge, Callala into Villala, Maccha into Vaccha and Cina has disappeared altogether or its name is canceled under that of another people. However, we have tried to identify the place-names wherever possible.¹ - [Previous: c19.2347](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.2347) - [Next: c19.2349](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.2349) - [Up: c19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.2348](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jain-1947.c19.2348) · Pramāṇa