Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c23: Index II

Life in Ancient India as Depicted in the Jain Canons, with Commentaries: An Administrative, Economic, Social and Geographical Survey c23

Language: English

Index II

c23.1

The Sections V and VI of this book have already been alphabetically arranged, so this index contains the words mainly from the first four Sections of the book. The letters k and y in bracket denote kings and yaksas respectively.

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Abdication 50 Abhaggasena 68 Abhayadeva 36, 37, 42, 211, 223, 255 Abhayarājakumāra (Abhayakumāra) 22, 24, 56, 79, 119, 229, 379f, 395, 398 Abhītukumāra 399 Ādambara (y) 217, 222 Addayakumāra 127, 201, 202 Adultery 69 Agadadatta 51, 153, 171, 182, 331 Agriculture 89 Ahiṃsā 22n, 23, 23n Ājīvika Śramanas 207ff, 226 —their followers 208 —their doctrines 208 Ajjā 224 Ajjāsādha 316, 318 Ajjakālaga (see Kālakacārya, Ajja Khanda 206, 332 Ajja Khandila (Ārya Skandila) 33 Ajja Khauda 226 Ajja Mahāgiri 26, 27, 29, 251, 282, 281, 301, 314, 318, 347, 319 Ajja Mangu 255, 309, 337 Ajja Rakkhiya (Ārya Raksita) 28, 29, 40, 170, 174, 255, 280, 309, 346 Ajja Sāma 38 Ajja Samiya 263 Ajja Samudda 337 Ajja Sīmhagiri 40 Ajja Suhamma (see Suhamma) Ajja Suhatthi (see Suhatthi) Ajja Vana 29, 10, 65, 92, 196, 199, 227, 263, 277, 278, 304, 325, 326, 336, 344, 348

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Ajjuna Goyamaputta 208 Ajjunaya 103 Akalanka 30 Alakā 219 Amarakankā 159, 320 Ammada 206, 293 Āmrapālī 164n, 165n, 354 Ānanda 89, 117, 143, 351 Ānandarakkhiya 21 Andhavana 167n Angāravati 24, 385, 398 Annikāputta 317, 318, 321 Arboriculture 95 Architecture 187f —various terms 188f Ardhamāgadhī 176f, 251 Arhannaga 236 Arithmetic 178 Arjuna 159 Army, fourfold 75 Arthaśāstra in Prākrit 171n Arts, seventy two 172f Ārya and Anārya 139 Ārya by Birth —by family —by trade —by country —by art and handicraft —by language 139, 176 Aryan countries 250f Āsādha 26 Āsādhabhūi 186, 201 Asībandhakaputta 22 Asitadevala 213n Assamitta 26 Assembly, four 71 Assessment and collection 62f Astronomy and Astrology 177f Āsurukkha 64, 171

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Aṭṭaṇa 240 Avavādakā 22 Ayala 61, 113, 165, 320

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Bahassaidatta 69 Bāhubali 270, 341, 372, 374 Bāhuka 213n Balakoṭṭa 313 Baladeva 218, 258, 259 Bambhagutta 148 Barabar Hills 211 Battles 79 —arrays 79, 79n Bhaddā 147 Bhaddā 222 Bhadrabāhu 28, 29, 32, 36, 40, 226, 317, 319, 383 Bhadracāiya 28 Bhadragupta 40, 346 Bhagīraha 219, 283 Bhambhīya 64, 171 Bhaṇḍira(y) 222, 255 Bhāraddāya 25 Bhāraddāja 208 Bharata 183 Bhaṭṭotpala 211 Bhūta 223f — a marketable commodity 224 —obsession by spirits 221, 224 Bihelaga(y) 220 Bindumati 165n Bindusāra 71n Birth ceremonies 150f Boats and ships 118 Bodhiya Mlecchas 167, 310 Brāhmaṇas 140f Brāhmaṇa mendicants 206n Brāhmaṇas awarded lighter punishment 70 Brāhmī 372 Buddha 21, 22, 203, 265, 275 Building materials 102

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Cāṇakya 71, 201, 276n, 287, 381f, 393n Cāṇakkakoḍilla 171n Caṇḍacchāya (k) 156, 372, 381 Caṇḍajasa (k) 76, 80 Caṇḍarudda 346 Candanā (Vasumati) 24, 107n, 154, 252, 384 Candrakāntā 62 Caravans, their classification 117 Castes 139ff —mixed castes 140 Cattle 94 Chariots 75, 75n —Aggibhiru 75, 385 Choice by divine will 52 Cilāya 107 Cities, ten capitals 251, 329 Citra 35, 111, 183 Coins 120 —leather coins 120n Cokkhā 168, 206 Consecration ceremony 53 Cooking 124 Courses of study 169f Courtesans 163 ff —Āmrapālī 164n, 165n, 354 —Bindumatī 165n —Devadattā 165 —Devadattā 166 —Māgahiyā 383 —Kāmajjhayā 69, 164n —Kosā 165 —Nandinī 166 —Sudamsaṇā 69 —Upakosā 165 Co-wives 57 Crime and punishment 66ff Cūḍāmaṇi 177, 228

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Dairy farming 94 Dance 184 Daṇḍanīti 64, 171n Dattavaiśika 164 Death, causes 242 —suicide 242 Debts 111, 121 Devadatta 161 Devadattā 165 Devadattā 166 Devadattā 70 Devānandā 140 Devardhigaṇi Kṣamāśramaṇa 33, 34, 38 Devendra gaṇi (Nemicandra sūri) 42 Devilāsatta 193 Dhana 113, 275 Dhanadatta 161 Dhanagutta 347 Dhanavasu 113 Dhanna 67, 68, 74, 107 Dhannantarī 178 Dhanasirī 162 Dharaṇa(y) 328 Dharaṇendra (y) 220 Dhāriṇī 149, 150, 189 Dhoṇḍhasivā 218 Digambaras 26ff, 211 Dīghatapassi 22 Dinna 205 Diseases, sixteen 179f, 180n —their cure 180f Divāyana 213n Domestic life 146 Dovaī 80, 158, 159, 161 Dowry 157 Dramas, thirty two 184ff Dreams 148 Dress, varities of cloth 128ff Droṇācārya 42 Dṛṣṭivāda 31, 32, 37, 153, 211 Drums, four 80 Dujjo haṇa 73 Durgā 217, 224 Dyes 102f

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Elephants 75 —Bhadravatī 76, 398f —Bhūtānanda 76 —Nalagiri 76, 385, 396, 398 —Secanaga 380, 383 —Udāyī 76 —Vijaya Gandhahatthi 76, 159, 183 Elephants, varieties 76, 76n. Enejjaga 208 Export-import 114f Eunuchs 55, 55n Eye-ointment 105n

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Famines 92, 199 Feasts and festivals 238ff, 238n —household ceremonies 240 Female asectics and love affairs 166ff Field-crops 90 Fisheries 96 Flood 92 Flowers and garlands 103f Flower baskets 104 Food and its preparations 123f Food, eighteen kinds 123 Fortification 196 Friends and relations 147 Fruits 93 Funeral customs 241 Furniture 191

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Gaggali (k) 52 Gāhāvais 143 Gaṇḍitinduga (y) 220 Gaṅga 26 Gāṅgeya 20 Gayasukumāla 55, 155, 389 Gems 99n Geruka or Parivrājaka Śramaṇas 205f Ghantika (y) 222, 228 Ghoḍayamuha 171 Ghosavatī 399

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Golācārya 286 Goods and merchandise 114f Gosāla Maṅkhaliputra 20, 101, 207f, 226, 258ff, 275, 322, 326, 331, 332 —in various bodies 208 —with Mahāvīra 209f Gosankhi 143 Gotthamahila 26 Goyma Indabhūi 21, 23, 24, 25, 34, 287, 299, 322 Grains, seventeen kinds 91 Grannaries 90 Great Men, sixty three 371-6 —24 Tīrthankaras —12 Cakravartins —9 Baladevas —9 Vāsudevas —9 Prativāsudevas Guilds 109, 109n, 143f Gunacandra (k) 56 Gunacanda (k) 57

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Hālāhalā 101, 208, 209, 210 Halla 24, 76 Harem 54ff —prohibition of Monkeys 56 Haribhadra 30, 41, 42 Harikesa 35, 141 Harinegamesī 216n, 227 Hastipālagana 144 Hemacandra 30, 42 Hīraḍḍika (y) 222 Hīravijaya 42 Honey, varieties 93n Horse, defects of 77n Horse, varieties 77 —Kanthaka 77 Horticulture 93 Hospitals 179 House building 187f Hunting 96

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Ikkāi 63, 356 Indadinna 29 Indra 19, 54, 118, 143, 194, 216, 216n, 239, 288, 372, 386 Indradatta 159 Interest 111 Irrigation, methods of 89 Ivory work 100

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Jacobi, Prof. 21, 30, 34 Jain Āryan countries 250ff —Non-Āryan countries 358ff Jain Canons 31-43 —their redaction 32ff —antiquity 34ff —modification 36ff —date 38 —Exegetical literature 38ff Jain Church, history 19-30ff —eleven Gaṇadharas 25 —schisms 25f —great leaders 29f Jain geography 245, 248f Jain monks and drinking of wine 125 —their dress 27f, 131ff —meat-eating 127, 127n —their ideal 201f —their hardships 196ff —magical practices 226f Jakkha 220ff, 220n Jamāli 25f, 275, 332, 373 Jamadaggi 313 Jambu 25, 29, 252, 275 Janapadas, sixteen 210, 251, 266n Janhukumāra 283, 375 Jarl Charpentier 35 Jasobhadda 29 Jaunsar-Bawar 161 Jayanti 24, 155 Jayanti 20 Jayaghosa 142

c23.25

Jinadāsa-gaṇi Mahattara 41 Jiṇadatta 156 Jiṇakalpa and Sthavirakalpa 27f

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Jiṇapālīya 113 Jiṇarakkhiya 113 Jīvaka 181n Jogandharāyaṇa 399 Joṇipāhuḍa 177,227 Judiciary and justice 64 Judicial cases 64f Justice in Vesālī 64n

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Kaccāyaṇa 206 Kailāsa 219,222,268 Kajolaka 91n Kālahasti 258 Kālakācārya (Ācārya Kālaka) 29,41,55,167,208,226,239,253, 288,319,321,339,340,386,397 Kalāno 213n Kālāsavesiyaputta 20 Kālī 21 Kālī 24 Kāliyaputta 21 Kāmajjhayā 69,164n Kamalāmelā 159,186 Kamatha 70 Kañcanamālā 399 Kanakakhala 203 Kanayamañjarī 57 Kaṅkālī Ṭilā 28 Kaniṣka 36 Kapilamuni 206 Kappaka 65,71,394 Karaḍa 303 Kāsava 142 Kaṭapūtanā (y) 222,259 Kauṇḍinya 64,171n Kayapuṇṇa 163,380 Kesī 332, 333 —meeting between Kesī and Goyama 21,23,35,256,394 Kesī 167

c23.29

Khandasiri 150 Khāravela 289,292,322 Khandakamma 394 Kharaya 397 Khemā 167n King and kingship 49 Kings and princes 51 King’s attendants 105f King’s insignia 53n King’s officers 58ff King’s orders 71 Kings ordained by Mahāvīra 369n

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Koḍiṇṇa 205 Koḷiyans 160n Kosā 165 Koṭṭakıriyā 224 Koṭṭavīra 28 Kṣatriyas 143 Kṣatriya mendicants 206n Ksemakīrti 42 Kuḍukka ācārya 301 Kuyaṇṇa 143 Kūlavālaya 79,383 Kumārapāla 30 Kumāranandī 62,98,320 Kumbhaga (k) 72,78,79,168, 372 Kuṇḍakunda 30 Kuṇḍalamentha (y) 222,273 Kuṇḍarīka 50

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Lakkhaṇāvatī 162 Lamps 102 Law-suits by Manu 64n Leaf work 102 Learning centres 173f Leather work 103 Lohajaṅgha 273, 385 Lolā 22

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Māgahiyā 383 Magical misseles 80

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Magical practices 228 Magical spells 230ff Mahānimitta, eight divisions 226n Mahāsayaya 57, 157, 161 Mahāsena (k) 57 Mahesaradatta 58, 142 Mahissara 56, 218, 218n, 383 Mahāvīra 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 41, 127n, 130, 131, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 147, 148, 163, 177n, 178, 192, 195, 256, 303, 354, 373 —His cārikā 257-262 Mākandī 275, 313 Maladhāri Hemacandia 42 Malayagiri 33, 36, 40, 42 214 Malla 144, 242, 392 —Mallagana 141 Malladinna 72, 187 Mallārāma 208 Mallī 80, 154, 156 Managa 275 Mandivaddhana 70 Mandiya 208 Manibhadda(y) 221 Manners and customs 266ff Mansions 189 Marriage 155 —forms of marriage 155f, 159ff Marriage with sister 160, 160n, 372 —with step-mother 159 —with cousins 159 —with maternal uncle 160 —in exchange 161 —niyoga Marriage 162 Marriage gifts 156f —ceremony 157f Marubhūi 70 Markets and shops 119 Masonary 101 Mātanga 213n Māthara 64, 171n Māyā 149n Mayanamañjarī 153 Meat-eating 126, 180

c23.36

Megasthenese 192 Megha 258 Mehakumāra 24, 53, 146, 150, 151n, 155, 184, 195, 237, 379 Mehila 21 Merchant leagues 110 Metals and jewellery 99 —metal-workers 99 Meyajja 21 Minerals 98 Mining and metallurgy 98 Ministers 59f Miscarriage 150 Miyādevī 150 Miyāvai 24, 80 Mlecchas and untouchables 144f Moggarapāṇi(y) 223 Monasticism 193ff —persons exempted from joining the order 194, 194n Mukunda 102, 217 Municanda 20 Murder 70 Music 182ff Musical instruments 116, 183f Musiyadāraya 98

c23.37

N Nābhi (k) 49, 371 Nāga 19, 219f, 219n, 283, 372, 375 Nāgārjunasūri 33 Nāgārjunī hills 211 Naladāma 201 Nanda, 99, 143 Nandinī 166 Nandisena 24 Nandivardhana 257, 373, 383 Nandivaddhana 51 Nandīsara 218n Nārada 213n Nātaputta (Mahāvīra) 21, 22, 373 Nattumatta 229, 235 Nhāviyadāsa (k) 53 Niddhamana(y) 303 Nigganthas before Mahāvīra 21, 22, 22n Nītiśāstra 64 Nivvui 158, 159 Niyativāda 209, 209n Nuns inferior to monks 153, 153n Nurses 107, 151n

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Occupations, various kinds 105 —low occupations 106 Oils 104 Ornaments 98f

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Pabhava 29, 142 Pādalittasūri 226n, 393 Paḍibuddhī (k) 78, 372, 381 Pagabbhā 20 Painting 186f Pākbira 259n Palaces 54f, 189f Pālitta 113, 275, 322 Pāṇḍusena 118, 317 Pannatti 349 Panthaya 107 Parāsara 213n Pārāsara (Kisipārāsara) 143 Pārsvanātha 19, 20, 22f, 27, 264, 373 Pasannacanda (k) 204 Pasenadi (k) 148n, 161n Patācarā 22 Paumaṇāha (k) 81, 159 Paumāvai 219 Peacock fight 240 Peḍhāla 218 Perfumes 104, 105n Phalguraksita 40 Picture gallaries 186f, 187n Pisāca 224 Piyadamsanā 26 Ploughshare 90 Political disturbances 200f Polygyny and polyandry 161 Pottery 100f

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Pottila 168 Pragalbhā 20, 259 Prajāpati 140 Prajñapti 227 Pregnancy 149 Pregnancy, without sexual intercourse 167n —miscarriage 150 Prisons 73 Prostitutes 164f, 200 Prthu (k) 49n Poultry 96 Puggala 206 Puṇṇāta 28 Puṇḍarīya 21, 50 Punishments, types of 73 Puṇṇabhadda(y) 221, 223 Pupphacūla 21 Pupphaketu 160 Pūraṇa 213 Purdah system 163 Pūsanandī 70

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Rājimati 154, 201 Rāhścāīya 341 Rahanemi 154, 200 Rāma Baladeva 320, 344, 376 Rāmilla 28 Ratnasekhara (k) 72 Rattasubhaddā 80, 159 Rayanavai 168 Renunciation, causes 193f Renunciation ceremony 194f Revai 57, 126 Revenue sources 61f Rice, varieties 90 Roads 116f Robbers 66, 198 —Abhaggasena 68 —Bhuyangama 68n —Cilāya 67, 107 —Maṇḍiya 67f —Rauhiṇeya 68n —Vijaya 67, 68, 74

c23.45

Robbery an art 66, 66n, 67 Roha 208 Rohagutta 26 Royal council 59f Rudra 217 Ruppini 80, 159

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Saccā 22 Saccaka 22 Saddālaputta 100, 101, 208, 322 Sadūlya 26 Sagada 69 Sagadāla 29, 40, 171, 394 Sāgaracanda 159, 186 Sāgaradatta 156, 158, 160 Sāha 41 Sākya Sīamanas 202f Śakyans 160n Sālejjā (y) 222, 259 Sāmā 57 Samantabhadra 30 Samaya Sundaragaṇi 42 Sambhūta 35, 144, 183, 201 Sambhūtivijaya 29 Sanghadāsagaṇi Ksamāsramaṇa 41 Sañjaya (k) 96 Sankha (k) 72, 372 Sankha (k) 260 Śānticandra 42 Sārasvatagaṇa 144 Sati custom 163 Satyakī 167, 229 Satyavatī 149 Science of Archery 181f Science of Medicine 178 Science of Numbers 178 Scripts, eighteen 175 —Brahmi and Kharostrī 176 Sculpture 187 Scythian kings 29 Sea-voyage 118 —dangers of sea-voyage 118, 118n Sects, four 211ff —Kriyā 212 —Akriyā 212 —Ajñāna 212 —Vinaya 213 Sejjambhava 29, 38, 142, 275 Selaga (y) 220 Sevālī 205 Ship-wrecks 118 Shoes 132f Shrines and temples 190f, 222f Siddhārtha (k) 24, 143, 373 Siddhasena 30, 227 Sīha 22 Sīhagiri (k) 240 Sīharaha (k) 159, 323 Sihasena 57 Śilānka 36, 42, 211 Sīribhaddā 147 Sīrigutta 22 Sītā 80, 159 Siva 218 Sivā 56, 385, 394 Sivabhūi 28, 326 Skanda 102, 206, 217 Skin, five 103 Slaves and servants 106f —classes of slaves 107, 107n. —female slaves 107 —family servants 108 Smiths 100 Somā 20 Somila 204 Son-in-law living in the house 160 Spells, their acquisitions 229f Spices 91 Spies 59, 238ff Spinning and weaving 97 Sports and amusements 238ff Śramaṇas 192ff —Nirgrantha 193-202 —Śākya 202f —Tāpasa 203ff —Parivrājaka 205ff —Ājīvika 207ff —thier hardships 196f —travelling 197 —robbers 198 —political disturbances 198f —residence 199 —sickness 199 —famine 199 —prostitutes 200 —women 200f Śramaṇa-Brāhmaṇas 140 Śramaṇa Sangha 195f Staircases 189 Students 169f Subandhu 71 Subhadrā 154 Subhūmibhāga 35 Succession 51f Sudamsanā 69 Sudamsanā 149 Sugar 116 Sugarcane 91 Suhamma 25, 29, 50, 159, 232, 252, 275, 326 Suhatthi 27, 29, 254, 301, 318 346, 349 Sujetthā 56, 186, 218n. Sukumāliya 59 Sukumāliya 158, 160 Sukumāliya 166f, 345 Sūlapāṇi (y) 221, 257 Sumsumā 107 Sumukha (k) 55 Sunandā 201 Sundarī 178, 372 Superstitions 235ff Suppadibuddha 29 Surambara (y) 220 Surappiya (y) 221, 271, 328 Surgical instruments 179, 179n Surindadatta 182 Suriyābhadeva 188 Suriyakantā 58, 394 Sutthiyasūri 29 Suvaṇṇaguliya 80, 159, 396 Suvvayā 168 Suya 206, 323, 369n Svaraprābhṛta 183

c23.48

Svetāmbaras and Digambaras 26ff, 31, 32

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Tāmali Mauryaputra 213, 252, 341f Tāpasa Sramanas 203f Tax, legal 61 Tax-collectors 63 Taxes, eighteen kinds 61, 62n Teachers and pupils 169 Teachers of renown, six 208n Teyaliputta 155, 156 Thāvccāputta 323, 332, 336, 369n Theatre hall 188f Thieves 66 Thūlabhadda (Sthūlabhadra) 27, 28, 29, 32, 37, 40, 165, 394 Tissagutta 26, 347 Toilets 105 Tosalika (k) 343 Tosaliputrācārya 40, 344 Trade inland 113f Trade centres 114f Transport 116f Travelling 197 Trees 95 Trisalā 24, 140, 163, 355, 373, 382

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Udayapeḍhālaputta 21 Udāyī Kuṇḍiyāyanīya 210 Ujjhiya 69 Ukkarada 303 Umā 218n Umāsvāti 30 Umbaradatta (y) 220 Upakosā 165 Upāli 22 Uppala 20 Uppalavaṇṇā 167n Usabha, the first Jina, who taught the art of cooking etc. 19, 49, 73n, 140, 160, 178, 190, 235n 252, 264, 300, 271f

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Vādivetāla Śāntisūri 42 Vāharaẓaṇi 142 Vaṇabhūi 273, 393 Vairasena 337 Vaiseṣi'a Sūtras 26 Vakkaḷaciri 203, 213n Vānamantra 224, 224n Vānaprastha Tāpasas 203f Vappa 42 Varadhanu 229n Vararuī 71, 142, 165 Vāratta'a 187 Varāhamihira 153, 211, 237n, 319 Vasanta 399 Vāsavadattā 76, 159, 183 Vasudeva 218, 258, 259 Vātsyāyana 238n Vedas, Ārya and Anārya 171n Vedic branches of learning 171 Vegetables 92 Vehicles 117 Vesamana 218 Vesāyana 213 Vessels and utensils 100 Vibhelaka (y) 259 Viceroyalty and succession 50 Vidyānanda 30 Vihalla 24, 76 Vijayā 20, 259 Vijayaghosa 142 Vijayaprer'a Sūrīśvara 41 Vijayasena (k) 62 Vijayavimala 42 Vijjhāharas 23 4f Vijñānuvāda Puvva 226 Vikkamajasa(k) 55, 161 Villages 82 —types of a village 82 Viṇhukumāra 202, 228 Visākhācārya 28 Visākhā 98 Visākhila 183 Visvakarman 144, 201 Vivāhapadala 177 Vraja 239 Vrndāvana 222n

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Wage-earners 108, 111 War 78 —its causes 80 Warefare 78 —diplomatic means 78 Washing and dyeing 97 Weapons 80 —weapons and tools 100 Weights and measures 120f Widow-marriage 162 Wine, varieties 124ff Winternitz, Dr. 39 Women 152ff, 200f —causes of war 80 —Varāhamihira about women 153, 211 Wrestlings and combats 240 Writing 18, 175f —on copper 175n Writing material 175

c23.57

The first of these, the *Gospel of the Hebrews*, was used by the Jewish Christians of Palestine, and was probably a version of the Gospel of Matthew, though it contained some traditions not found in our canonical books. The *Gospel of the Egyptians* was used by the ascetic sects of Egypt, and was marked by a strong tendency towards mysticism and asceticism. The *Gospel of Peter* was used by the Docetists, and taught that Christ did not really suffer, but only appeared to do so.

c23.58

These gospels, and others like them, were not accepted by the Church as a whole, and were gradually lost or suppressed. The Church, however, felt the need for a standard collection of writings that would serve as a guide for faith and practice. This led to the formation of the New Testament canon, a process that took several centuries to complete.

c23.59

The first step in this process was the collection of the letters of Paul, which were widely circulated among the churches. Then came the four Gospels, which were accepted as the authoritative accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus. The Acts of the Apostles and the other epistles were gradually added, and finally the Book of Revelation.

c23.60

By the end of the second century, the core of the New Testament was generally accepted by the Church. The process of canonization was not a formal act of a council, but rather a gradual recognition by the churches of the writings that were most valuable for their life and worship. It was only in the fourth century that the canon was formally closed by the councils of the Church.

c23.61

The formation of the New Testament canon was a crucial event in the history of the Church. It provided a standard of faith and practice that helped to unify the Church and to protect it from the influence of heretical sects. It also ensured that the teachings of Jesus and the apostles would be preserved for future generations.