[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c13.59 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c13.59 Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c13.59 - **Language:** English ### [c13.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13.59) § 39. Apparently, the Vrishṇi-Andhaka league had a joint federal constitution where executive power was vested in two \*rājanyas\*, with their respective \*vargas\*, representing each division; and this was probably the Rājanyaka of Amara.⁵ Kātyāyana mentioning 'the Party (Varga) of Akrūra' and the 'Party of Vāsudeva,' undoubtedly draws on old literature. Akrūra was an Andhaka leader; and it seems that at one time he was one of the two presidents of the Federal Council. This explains Kṛishṇa's saying in the Mahā-Bhārata¹ that he holds authority or \*Aiśvarya\* to the extent of one half only (\*ardhabhoktā\*). In the tradition quoted in the Mahā-Bhārata, the party of Akrūra is bitterly complained against by Kṛishṇa. Probably it is to a constitution like that of the Andhaka-Vṛishṇis that the Jaina Sūtra refers as the rule of opposing parties.² - [Previous: c13.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13.58) - [Next: c13.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13.60) - [Up: c13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c13.59) · Pramāṇa