[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Polity, law and society](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity) › [Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924) › c16.30 # Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c16.30 Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times c16.30 - **Language:** English ### [c16.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16.30) § 67. That they existed before the time of Kātyāyana as a league is proved by his \*vārttika\* and the comments of Patañjali on Pāṇini \*Khaṇḍikādibhyaścha\* (IV. 2. 45). The league did not exist in the time of Pāṇini as he does not provide a form for their united army. Kātyāyana supplied this, and removed what he found in his time a deficiency. Their united names did exist in the Gaṇapāṭha as it was found by Patañjali, for Patañjali says, "\*Kshudraka-Mālava-śabdaḥ Khaṇḍikādishu paṭhyate\*," "\*in the Khaṇḍikā group 'Kshudraka-"Mālava' expression is read (found)\*." Patañjali quotes an old verse which holds that the Kshudraka-Mālava is not a \*gotra\* or tribal expression. It also gives a rule of Āpiśali which the author of the verse considers applicable to the Kshudraka-Mālava but the rule itself does not know them.³ - [Previous: c16.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16.29) - [Next: c16.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16.31) - [Up: c16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16) ## Cites (1) - [Aṣṭādhyāyī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.astadhyayi-school.astadhyayi.4.2.45) — Pāṇini, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.polity.jayaswal-1924.c16.30) · Pramāṇa